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Chaganti S, Chauhan U, Bhatt N, Kommalapati H, Golla VM, Pilli P, Samanthula G. LC-HRMS and NMR studies for the characterization of degradation impurities of ubrogepant along with the in silico approaches for the prediction of degradation and toxicity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116117. [PMID: 38522383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Ubrogepant is the first oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist which is used for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. The present study employs liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques for the identification and characterization of degradation impurities of ubrogepant. The forced degradation study of ubrogepant was performed as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q1A and Q1B guidelines. The in silico degradation profile of ubrogepant was predicted by Zeneth. It was observed that ubrogepant was labile to acidic hydrolysis, basic hydrolysis, and oxidative degradation conditions (H2O2), although it was stable in neutral hydrolysis and photolytic (UV light and visible light) conditions. Eight degradation impurities were formed, which were separated on reversed-phase HPLC with a gradient program on an InertSustain C8 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) using 10 mM ammonium formate (pH unadjusted) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The structures of all the degradation impurities were characterized using the exact masses obtained from the HRMS/MS. Further, NMR studies were conducted on two major degradation impurities (UB-4 and UB-7). A plausible mechanism was proposed to support the structures of all the degradation impurities of UBR. In silico toxicity and mutagenicity assessment were done by DEREK Nexus, SARAH Nexus, and ProTox-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Usha Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Nehal Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Hemasree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Pilli P, Kommalapati HS, Golla VM, Khemchandani R, Ramachandran RK, Samanthula G. Covalent organic frameworks: spotlight on applications in the pharmaceutical arena. Bioanalysis 2024. [PMID: 38445446 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have much potential in the field of analytical separation research due to their distinctive characteristics, including easy modification, low densities, large specific surface areas and permanent porosity. This article provides a historical overview of the synthesis and broad perspectives on the applications of COFs. The use of COF-based membranes in gas separation, water treatment (desalination, heavy metals and dye removal), membrane filtration, photoconduction, sensing and fuel cells is also covered. However, these COFs also demonstrate great promise as solid-phase extraction sorbents and solid-phase microextraction coatings. In addition to various separation applications, this work aims to highlight important advancements in the synthesis of COFs for chiral and isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Roshitha Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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Golla VM, Kalyan M, Gholap U, Padhy HP, Ramachandran RK, Samanthula G. Discerning the stability behaviour of mavacamten availing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: In silico toxicity and mutagenicity prediction of degradation products. J Mass Spectrom 2024; 59:e5007. [PMID: 38445805 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to separate, identify, and characterise the degradation products formed when mavacamten is exposed to stress degradation as well as the stability of the drug in various environments and also to understand its degradation chemistry. Prediction of in silico toxicity and mutagenicity was aimed at the observed degradation products. Stress degradation along with stability studies and degradation kinetics were performed on mavacamten, and separation of degradation products was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometry studies were executed to characterise the structures of degradation products using product ion fragments. Orthogonally, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were conducted to elucidate the structures having ambiguity in characterising them. Deductive Estimation of Risk from Existing Knowledge and Structure Activity Relationship Analysis using Hypotheses software were used to establish in silico toxicity and mutagenic profiles of mavacamten and its degradation products. Two degradation products of mavacamten found in acidic hydrolytic stress conditions were separated, identified, characterised, and proposed as 1-isopropylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione and 1-phenylethanamine. Mavacamten was found to be stable under different pH and gastrointestinal conditions. The degradation kinetics of mavacamten under 1 N acidic condition followed zero-order kinetics, and it was degraded completely within 6 h. In silico toxicity and mutagenicity studies revealed that 1-phenylethanamine can be a skin sensitiser. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the separation of degradation products of mavacamten and characterised by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. During the manufacturing and storage of drug product, precautions need to be taken when dealing with acidic solutions as the drug is prone to hydrolysis in acidic conditions. The formation of 1-phenylethanamine under these conditions is to be monitored as it is a skin sensitiser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Kalyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Upasana Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hara Prasad Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Roshitha K Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
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Chaganti S, Kushwah BS, Velip L, Tiwari SS, Chilvery S, Godugu C, Samanthula G. In vivo and in vitro metabolite profiling of nirmatrelvir using LC-Q-ToF-MS/MS along with the in silico approaches for prediction of metabolites and their toxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2024. [PMID: 38403275 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nirmatrelvir (NRV), a 3C-like protease or Mpro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, is used for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and paediatric patients. The present study was accomplished to investigate the comprehensive metabolic fate of NRV using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro models used for the study were microsomes (human liver microsomes, rat liver microsomes, mouse liver microsomes) and S9 fractions (human liver S9 fractions and rat liver S9 fractions) with the appropriate cofactors, whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the in vivo models. Nirmatrelvir was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats, which was followed by the collection of urine, faeces and blood at pre-determined time intervals. Protein precipitation was used as the sample preparation method for all the samples. The samples were then analysed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS/MS) using an Acquity BEH C18 column with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Four metabolites were found to be novel, which were formed via amide hydrolysis, oxidation and hydroxylation. Furthermore, an in silico analysis was performed using Meteor Nexus software to predict the probable metabolic changes of NRV. The toxicity and mutagenicity of NRV and its metabolites were also determined using DEREK Nexus and SARAH Nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Laximan Velip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shristy S Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Pardhi E, Tomar DS, Khemchandani R, Bazaz MR, Dandekar MP, Samanthula G, Singh SB, Mehra NK. Monophasic coamorphous sulpiride: a leap in physicochemical attributes and dual inhibition of GlyT1 and P-glycoprotein, supported by experimental and computational insights. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38299571 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Study aimed to design and development of a supramolecular formulation of sulpiride (SUL) to enhance its solubility, dissolution and permeability by targeting a novel GlyT1 inhibition mechanism. SUL is commonly used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, migraine, anti-emetic, anti-depressive and anti-dyspeptic conditions. Additionally, Naringin (NARI) was incorporated as a co-former to enhance the drug's intestinal permeability by targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux inhibition. NARI, a flavonoid has diverse biological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to design and develop a supramolecular formulation of SUL with NARI to enhance its solubility, dissolution, and permeability by targeting a novel GlyT1 inhibition mechanism, extensive experimental characterization was performed using solid-state experimental techniques in conjunction with a computational approach. This approach included quantum mechanics-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) studies to investigate intermolecular interactions, phase transformation and various electronic structure-based properties. The findings of the miscibility study, radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, quantitative simulations of hydrogen/π-π bond interactions and geometry optimization aided in comprehending the coamorphization aspects of SUL-NARI Supramolecular systems. Molecular docking and MD simulation were performed for detailed binding affinity assessment and target validation. The solubility, dissolution and ex-vivo permeability studies demonstrated significant improvements with 31.88-fold, 9.13-fold and 1.83-fold increments, respectively. Furthermore, biological assessments revealed superior neuroprotective effects in the SUL-NARI coamorphous system compared to pure SUL. In conclusion, this study highlights the advantages of a drug-nutraceutical supramolecular formulation for improving the solubility and permeability of SUL, targeting novel schizophrenia treatment approaches through combined computational and experimental analyses.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Devendra Singh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohd Rabi Bazaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
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Chaganti S, Dhiman V, Madhyanapu Golla V, K R R, Khemchandani R, Samanthula G. Forced degradation study of baricitinib and structural characterization of its degradation impurities by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9605. [PMID: 37580847 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Baricitinib (BARI), an inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK 1/2), is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19. The present study focuses on establishing the forced degradation behavior of BARI under different degradation conditions (hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis) following International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines of Q1A (R2)-Stability testing of new drug substances and products and Q1B-Photostability testing of new drug substances and products. This study helps in monitoring the quality and safety of BARI and its product development. METHODS Prior to conducting the study, the in silico degradation profile of BARI was predicted by Zeneth. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography employing a gradient program was used for the identification and separation of degradation impurities with an InertSustain C8 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phases used were 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 2.89) and acetonitrile. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used for the structural elucidation of the degradation impurities. RESULTS BARI was labile to hydrolytic (acidic, basic, and neutral) and photolytic degradation conditions which yielded 10 new degradation impurities and it was stable under oxidative (H2 O2 ) conditions. The separated degradation impurities were characterized by HRMS and the respective degradation pathways were proposed. The generated information helped to propose a mechanism for the formation of the degradation impurities. Additionally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used for the characterization of two major degradation impurities. CONCLUSION The forced degradation study of BARI was carried out in accordance with ICH Q1A and Q1B guidelines, which resulted in the formation of 10 new degradation impurities. In our analysis, three degradation impurities were matching with the Zeneth predictions. In silico tools, DEREK Nexus® and SARAH Nexus®, were used for predicting the toxicity and mutagenicity of BARI and its degradation impurities. Overall, this study sheds light on BARI's safety monitoring and storage circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Roshitha K R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Mahajan R, Kumar S, Parupalli R, Khemchandani R, Kanchupalli V, Nanduri S, Samanthula G, Asthana A. Structural characterization and in silico toxicity prediction of degradation impurities of roxadustat. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115517. [PMID: 37320975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Roxadustat is the first drug approved for anemia due to chronic kidney disease. Drug degradation profile is very crucial for assessing the quality and safety of the drug substances and their formulations. Forced degradation studies are conducted for quick prediction of drug degradation products. Forced degradation of roxadustat was carried out as per ICH guidelines, and nine degradation products (DPs) were observed. These DPs (DP-1 to DP-9) were separated using the reverse phase HPLC gradient method with an XBridge column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chemical structures of all the DPs were proposed by using LC-Q-TOF/MS. DP-4 and DP-5, the two major degradation impurities, were isolated, and NMR was used to confirm their chemical structures. Based on our experiments, the roxadustat was found stable to thermal degradation in solid state and oxidative conditions. However, it was unstable in acidic, basic, and photolytic conditions. A very remarkable observation was made about DP-4 impurity. DP-4 was generated as a common degradation impurity in alkaline hydrolysis, neutral hydrolysis as well as photolysis conditions. DP-4 has a similar molecular mass to roxadustat but is structurally different. DP-4 is chemically, (1a-methyl-6-oxo-3-phenoxy-1,1a,6,6a-tetrahydroindeno [1,2-b] aziridine-6a-carbonyl) glycine. In silico toxicity study was conducted using Dereck software to gain the best knowledge of the drug and its degradation products towards carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and skin sensitivity. A further study using molecular docking confirmed the potential interaction of DPs with proteins responsible for toxicity. DP-4 shows a toxicity alert due to the presence of aziridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramulu Parupalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Mahajan R, Samanthula G, Srivastava S, Asthana A. A critical review of Roxadustat formulations, solid state studies, and analytical methodology. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16595. [PMID: 37346363 PMCID: PMC10279797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to collate information about the analytical methodologies, bioanalytical methodologies, pharmaceutical formulations, solid-state studies, and the current and future market scenario for a relatively new class of drugs, Roxadustat. Roxadustat is a hypoxia-inducible factor propyl hydroxylase inhibitor that significantly increases blood hemoglobin via the action of transcriptional activator HIF. As the molecule has a promising role in stimulating erythropoiesis, it is considered an ideal therapeutic agent for patients with anemia. In the current review, an attempt has been made to compile the pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of Roxadustat and systematically present product development data. This drug has several polymorphs of cocrystal, co-former, and salt, which have been explained in detail in the current work. The comprehensive review summarizes all the chromatographic methods and is presented in table form. This review has extensively covered Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods used to analyze Roxadustat in the biological matrix. The literature needs more data on forced degradation study, impurity profiling, gas chromatography, analytical methods for assay, dissolution, and different formulation aspects of Roxadustat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Kommalapati HS, Pilli P, Samanthula G. Green sample preparation in bioanalysis: where are we now? Bioanalysis 2023; 15:363-366. [PMID: 37141420 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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Dhiman V, Chavan BB, Ramarapu N, Samanthula G. Insight into in silico prediction and chemical degradation study of osimertinib mesylate by LC-HRMS and NMR: Investigation of a typical case of alkaline pH-mediated oxidative degradation product. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2023; 29:123-131. [PMID: 36895152 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231162345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osimertinib mesylate is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The objective was to understand in silico prediction and chemical-based stress testing of the osimertinib mesylate. A total of eight degradation products (DPs) were formed under chemical stress testing. An in silico tool viz., Zeneth predicted a higher percentage of DPs. The separation of all the DPs was achieved using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, employing X-Bridge C18 column with ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 7.50 with ammonia) and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The overall results showed it underwent significant degradation in acidic, alkaline, and oxidative conditions. In rest of the conditions, osimertinib mesylate was found to be stable or slight degradation was observed in photolytic condition. The structure of DPs was elucidated with a comparison of data generated from high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) of osimertinib mesylate and its degradation products. To confirm the unambiguous regioisomers, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimentional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance studies were performed. Furthermore, the N-oxide position was assigned for the first time using the Meisenheimer rearrangement reaction in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. Interestingly, an unusual reaction of DP2 formation was observed at alkaline conditions. In silico tools such as DEREK and Sarah predicted osimertinib mesylate and most of the DPs found to be structural alert for mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Balasaheb B Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Niharika Ramarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Satti S, Palepu MSK, Singh AA, Jaiswal Y, Dash SP, Gajula SNR, Chaganti S, Samanthula G, Sonti R, Dandekar MP. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 mediate via reshaping of microbiome gut-brain axis in rats. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105483. [PMID: 36641109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the rising cases of treatment-refractory affective disorders, the discovery of newer therapeutic approaches is needed. In recent times, probiotics have garnered notable attention in managing stress-related disorders. Herein, we examined the effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2® probiotic on anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes employing maternal separation (MS) and chronic-unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in rats. METHODS Both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MS + CUMS. Probiotic treatment was provided for 6 weeks via drinking water. Anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes were assessed using sucrose-preference test (SPT), forced-swimming test (FST), elevated-plus maze test (EPM), and open-field test (OFT). Blood, brain, intestine, and fecal samples were obtained for biochemical and molecular studies. RESULTS Stress-exposed rats drank less sucrose solution, showed increased passivity, and explored less in open-arms in SPT, FST, and EPM, respectively. These stress-generated neurobehavioral aberrations were alleviated by 6-week of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 treatment. The overall locomotor activity in OFT remained unchanged. The decreased levels of BDNF and serotonin and increased levels of C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and dopamine, in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex of stress-exposed rats were reversed following probiotic treatment. Administration of probiotic also restored the systemic levels of L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, kynurenic-acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, villi/crypt ratio, goblet-cell count, Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio, and levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fecal samples. These results indicate remodeling of the microbiome gut-brain axis in Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 recipient rats. However, protein levels of doublecortin, GFAP, and zona occludens in the hippocampus and occludin-immunoreactivity in the intestine remained unchanged. No prominent sex-specific changes were noted. CONCLUSION Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 in MS + CUMS rat model may be mediated via reshaping the microbiome gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Satti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yash Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surya Prakash Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India.
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Kushwah BS, Singh S, Thummar MM, Balhara A, Samanthula G. Characterization of potential degradation products of brexpiprazole by liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, and prediction of their physicochemical properties by ADMET Predictor™. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9415. [PMID: 36226712 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brexpiprazole (BRZ) was subjected to hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress degradation in solutions prepared in a mixture of acetonitrile-water (70:30 v/v). The oxidative study was additionally done in methanol-buffer mixture at pH 3, 7 and 11. Also, compatibility of the drug with selected excipients was investigated in the solid state. Additionally, physicochemical and ADMET properties of BRZ and its degradation products (DPs) were predicted using ADMET Predictor™ software. It provides the conditions for quality control of BRZ and its derivatives during manufacturing, processing and storage conditions. METHODS The formed DPs were separated from the drug and among themselves on a C-18 column utilizing mobile phase composed of methanol and ammonium formate buffer (10mM, pH 4.0), which was run in a gradient mode. Characterization of DPs was carried out by first establishing the mass fragmentation pathway of the drug based on its liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS) data, followed by LC/Q-TOF-MS studies of DPs. Three DPs were isolated and, along with the drug, they were subjected to 1D (1 H, 13 C and DEPT-135) and 2D (COSY and HSQC) NMR studies for confirmation of their structures. RESULTS BRZ was observed to be susceptible to hydrolytic (neutral, acid and alkali), photolytic and oxidative degradation conditions; it was stable on thermal exposure. A total of 12 DPs (BRZ-1 to BRZ-12) were formed in solution state. Mechanisms of BRZ degradation were postulated. CONCLUSIONS The extent of degradation of BRZ in different stress conditions highlights that stability of BRZ in drug formulations can be improved (i) by using excipients that can impart a low-pH microenvironment, (ii) by addition of antioxidants and (iii) through protection from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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13
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Kushwah BS, Thummar MM, Yadav AS, Dhiman V, Samanthula G. Development of stability-indicating method for separation and characterization of benidipine forced degradation products using LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5517. [PMID: 36200917 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes forced degradation of benidipine (BEN) as per Q1A (R2) and Q1B guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. BEN degraded under hydrolysis (neutral, acidic, and alkaline), hydrogen peroxide induced oxidation, and UV light mediated photolytic degradation. A total of 14 degradation products (DPs) were found in all degradation studies, comprising 4 hydrolytic DPs, 8 oxidative DPs, and 4 photolytic DPs. A selective stability-indicating method was developed using an XBridge BEH C18 column with gradient elution program consisting of ammonium acetate (10 mM, 4.8 pH, acetic acid) and acetonitrile. The flow rate was maintained at 1 ml min-1 . All DPs were separated well using the developed HPLC method and were characterized using LC-MS/MS data. As this method is effective in identifying and separating BEN and its DPs with sufficient resolution, it can be used in laboratories for quality control of drugs in daily routine analysis and stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohit M Thummar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amrej Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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14
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Kommalapati HS, Pilli P, Golla VM, Bhatt N, Samanthula G. In Silico Tools to Thaw the Complexity of the Data: Revolutionizing Drug Research in Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Prediction. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:735-755. [PMID: 38058088 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002270798231201111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In silico tool is the flourishing pathway for Researchers and budding chemists to strain the analytical data in a snapshot. Traditionally, drug research has heavily relied on labor-intensive experiments, often limited by time, cost, and ethical constraints. In silico tools have paved the way for more efficient and cost-effective drug development processes. By employing advanced computational algorithms, these tools can screen large libraries of compounds, identifying potential toxicities and prioritizing safer drug candidates for further investigation. Integrating in silico tools into the drug research pipeline has significantly accelerated the drug discovery process, facilitating early-stage decision-making and reducing the reliance on resource-intensive experimentation. Moreover, these tools can potentially minimize the need for animal testing, promoting the principles of the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, and replacement) in animal research. This paper highlights the immense potential of in silico tools in revolutionizing drug research. By leveraging computational models to predict drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Researchers can make informed decisions and prioritize the most promising drug candidates for further investigation. The synchronicity of In silico tools in this article on trending topics is insightful and will play an increasingly integral role in expediting drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Nehal Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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15
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Kushwah BS, Padhy HP, Khemchandani R, Golla VM, Kanchupalli VK, Sonti R, Samanthula G. Structural characterization of novel hydrolytic and oxidative degradation products of acalabrutinib by LC-Q-TOF-MS, H/D exchange and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Kushwah BS, Golla VM, Dhiman V, Samanthula G. Forced degradation studies on axitinib and characterization of its degradation products by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy along with its
in
silico
toxicity assessment. Separation Science Plus 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
| | - Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
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17
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John S, Bora D, Dhiman V, Tokala R, Samanthula G, Shankaraiah N. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective C-N Bond Formation on Benzothiazoles Employing Acyl Azide as an Amidating Agent. ACS Omega 2022; 7:1299-1310. [PMID: 35036791 PMCID: PMC8756580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(II)-catalyzed regioselective direct ortho-amidation of 2-aryl benzo[d]thiazoles employing acyl azides as a nitrogen source has been accomplished. This approach utilizes the efficiency of benzothiazole as a directing group and the role of acyl azide as an effective amidating agent toward C-N bond formation, thereby evading the general Curtius rearrangement. The protocol highlights significant functional group tolerance, single-step, and external oxidant-free conditions, with the release of only innocuous molecular nitrogen as the byproduct. The reaction mechanism and the intermediates associated with this selective Ru-catalyzed reaction have been investigated using ESI-MS. The protocol also aided in the construction of ortho-amidated β-carbolines, unveiling another class of fluorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephy
Elza John
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Darshana Bora
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Vivek Dhiman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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18
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Rao Gajula SN, Pillai MS, Samanthula G, Sonti R. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: a review on drug metabolizing enzyme inhibition studies in drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1355-1378. [PMID: 34517735 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of drug candidate's potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains crucial in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Both direct and time-dependent inhibition of drug metabolizing CYP enzymes by the concomitant administered drug is the leading cause of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), resulting in the increased toxicity of the victim drug. In this context, pharmaceutical companies have grown increasingly diligent in limiting CYP inhibition liabilities of drug candidates in the early stages and examining risk assessments throughout the drug development process. This review discusses different strategies and decision-making processes for assessing the drug-drug interaction risks by enzyme inhibition and lays particular emphasis on in vitro study designs and interpretation of CYP inhibition data in a stage-appropriate context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
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19
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Yadav AS, Dornala D, Swain D, Prabha A, Samanthula G. Application of online liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for structural characterization of linagliptin degradation products and related impurities. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8874. [PMID: 33463844 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Linagliptin is a drug used for the management of type 2 diabetes, which is a leading cause of global ill health and mortality. Impurities can affect the quality and safety of drug products and eventually may affect human health. A robust, sensitive and reliable analytical method is required to detect, characterize, quantify and control the presence of impurities in finished pharmaceutical products such as linagliptin. METHODS Linagliptin was stressed under harsh conditions as in the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines to generate degradation products. The degradation products and process-related impurities were separated using an InertSustain C8 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) and characterized by tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in positive mode electrospray ionization. The developed method was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. RESULTS Upon forced degradation, 12 degradation products were obtained (6 in oxidative stress and 3 in each of acid and alkaline hydrolysis). The special finding here was the presence of a pair of isomeric degradation products in acid hydrolysis and the formation of degradation products in base hydrolysis and oxidative degradation caused by the use of acetonitrile as a diluent. The 12 degradation products and 6 process-related substances were successfully identified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the separation of the 12 degradation products and 6 process-related impurities. Structural characterization of all impurities was carried out using fragmentation pathways obtained from tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sufficiently sensitive and reproducible for quality control of linagliptin and for further research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrej Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Divya Dornala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Debasish Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Aishwarya Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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20
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Swain D, Yadav AS, Sasapu C, Akula V, Samanthula G. UPLC Separation of forced degradation and process related impurities of Velpatasvir and structure elucidation by online LC-Quadrupole-Time of flight-Tandem mass Spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Pathade AD, Kommineni N, Bulbake U, Thummar MM, Samanthula G, Khan W. Preparation and Comparison of Oral Bioavailability for Different Nano-formulations of Olaparib. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:276. [PMID: 31388783 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olaparib (OLA) is a poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Low oral bioavailability of this drug requires increase in the dose and frequency causing haematological toxicity in the patients. The purpose of this study is to prepare different nano-formulations of OLA lipospheres (LP) by melt dispersion and nano-suspensions (NSP) by solvent evaporation (SE) and wet milling (WM) techniques and compare oral bioavailability of these formulations. Size of the nano-formulations OLA-LP, OLA-NSPSE and OLA-NSPWM were found to be 126.71 ± 4.54, 128.6 ± 2.34 and 531.1 ± 5.34 nm with polydispersity index below 0.3. In vitro release studies were performed by dialysis bag method where the sustained drug release was observed from nano-formulations until 9 h with Higuchi for OLA suspended in 2.5% w/v sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (OLA-SP), OLA-LP and OLA-NSPWM and Peppas for OLA-NSPSE-based drug release kinetics. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies, haematological toxicity and distribution studies were performed on rats. Results showed that there was an improvement in Cmax, AUCtotal, t1/2 and MRT by OLA nano-formulations when compared with OLA-SP. OLA-SP has shown reduction in WBC, platelets and lymphocytes at 12 and 36 h time points; however, no reduction in cell count was observed with OLA nano-formulations. Distribution studies proved FITC nano-formulations were most rapidly absorbed and distributed when compared with FITC-loaded suspension. From the above results, it was concluded that OLA nano-formulations can be an alternative to enhance the oral bioavailability and to reduce the haematological toxicity of OLA.
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22
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Anchi P, Khurana A, Swain D, Samanthula G, Godugu C. Dramatic improvement in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of sustain release curcumin microparticles demonstrated in experimental type 1 diabetes model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:200-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Anchi P, Khurana A, Swain D, Samanthula G, Godugu C. Sustained-Release Curcumin Microparticles for Effective Prophylactic Treatment of Exocrine Dysfunction of Pancreas: A Preclinical Study on Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2869-2882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Thummar M, Kuswah BS, Samanthula G, Bulbake U, Gour J, Khan W. Validated stability indicating assay method of olaparib: LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR studies for characterization of its new hydrolytic and oxidative forced degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Samanthula G, Swain D, Sahu G, Bhagat S, Bharatam PV. Ultra HPLC Method for Fixed Dose Combination of Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone: Identification and in silico Toxicity Prediction of Degradation Products. J Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Thummar M, Patel PN, Kushwah BS, Samanthula G. Application of the UHPLC method for separation and characterization of major photolytic degradation products of trazodone by LC-MS and NMR. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article is about the characterization of degradation products of trazodone which is used in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Thummar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Balanagar
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Prinesh N. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Balanagar
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Bhoopendra Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Balanagar
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Balanagar
- Hyderabad
- India
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Thummar M, Patel PN, Samanthula G, Ragampeta S. Stability-indicating assay method for acotiamide: Separation, identification and characterization of its hydroxylated and hydrolytic degradation products along with a process-related impurity by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:1813-1824. [PMID: 28836303 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The presence of impurities and degradation products will affect the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic properties and alter the safety of a drug. Hence, the development of a stability-indicating assay method is an integral part of quality product development and is crucial for the regulatory approval of drug products. METHODS Acotiamide was subjected to stress degradation under hydrolytic, oxidative, photo and thermal stress conditions. The resulted degradation products (DPs), as well as a process-related impurity (IMP), were selectively separated from the drug on a Waters Acquity HSS cyano column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (ACN) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min-1 . RESULTS The drug was found to degrade under hydrolytic (acidic and basic), oxidative and photolytic stress while it remained stable under neutral hydrolytic and thermal stress conditions. The seven degradation products (DPs) and one process-related impurity (IMP) were observed. All the DPs and process-related IMP were well separated by the developed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method and subsequently characterized by UHPLC/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). The proposed UHPLC method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as per ICH guideline, Q2 (R1). CONCLUSIONS All the observed DPs were new and formed by hydrolysis of an amide bond, phenyl ring hydroxylation and hydrolysis of the methoxy group of the phenyl ring. The despropyl process-related impurity was observed and well separated from the drug. The proposed UHPLC mass spectrometric method has greater utility in the identification of DPs in much less time with excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Thummar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Prinesh N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Ragampeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
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Thummar M, Patel PN, Petkar AL, Swain D, Srinivas R, Samanthula G. Identification of degradation products of saquinavir mesylate by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and its application to quality control. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:771-781. [PMID: 28233930 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Saquinavir mesylate (SQM) is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of HIV infections. The identification and characterization of all degradation products are essential for achieving the quality in pharmaceutical product development and also for patient safety. METHODS The drug was subjected to hydrolytic (HCl, NaOH and water), oxidative (H2 O2 ), photolytic (UV and fluorescence light) and thermal (dry heat) forced degradation conditions as per ICH guidelines. The best chromatographic separation of the drug and all degradation products (DPs) was achieved on a CSH-Phenyl Hexyl column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 5.0) and methanol as mobile phase in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.28 mL/min. RESULTS Nine DPs were obtained under various forced degradation conditions. All the DPs were characterized by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF MS/MS) and the degradation pathway of the drug was justified by mechanistic explanations. The main DPs were formed by amide hydrolysis, conversion into diastereomers, an N-oxide and dehydration as well as oxidation of the alcohol from the drug. The method was validated and can be used in a quality control (QC) laboratory to assure the quality of SQM in bulk and finished formulations. CONCLUSIONS A simple UHPLC/photodiode array (PDA) method was developed and successfully transferred to UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS for the identification and characterization of DPs. Very interestingly, diastereomeric DPs were obtained and successfully resolved by the chromatographic method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Thummar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Prinesh N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Arun L Petkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Debasish Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - R Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
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Swain D, Samanthula G. Study on the forced degradation behaviour of ledipasvir: Identification of major degradation products using LC–QTOF–MS/MS and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Swain D, Samanthula G, Bhagat S, Bharatam PV, Akula V, Sinha BN. Characterization of forced degradation products and in silico toxicity prediction of Sofosbuvir: A novel HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120:352-63. [PMID: 26771133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sofosbuvir is a direct acting antiviral medication used to treat Hepatitis C viral infection. The present study focuses on the degradation behavior of the drug under various stress conditions (hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal and photolytic) as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q1A (R2)) guidelines. A high performance liquid chromatographic system (HPLC) was used to develop a selective, precise and accurate method for separating all the degradation products. The separation was achieved on a Sunfire™ C18 (150mm×4.6mm×5μm) stationary phase with a mobile phase of 10mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.0) buffer and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode. A quadrupole-time of flight mass analyzer equipped with an electrospray ionization technique was used to propose the structural information based on the MS/MS and accurate mass measurements. Seven degradation products were identified and characterised by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. In silico toxicity of the drug and its degradation products was determined using TOPKAT and DEREK toxicity prediction softwares. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH Q2 guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Swain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Shweta Bhagat
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - P V Bharatam
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Venkatakrishna Akula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology [BIT], Mesra (Ranchi), Jharkhand, India
| | - Barij N Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology [BIT], Mesra (Ranchi), Jharkhand, India
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Swain D, Patel PN, Nagaraj G, Srinivas KS, Sharma M, Garg P, Samanthula G. Liquid Chromatographic Method Development for Forced Degradation Products of Dabigatran Etexilate: Characterisation and In Silico Toxicity Evaluation. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-3009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Patel PN, Karakam VS, Samanthula G, Ragampeta S. Quality-by-design-based ultra high performance liquid chromatography related substances method development by establishing the proficient design space for sumatriptan and naproxen combination. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3354-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prinesh N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Balanagar Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Vijaya Saradhi Karakam
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Balanagar Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Ragampeta
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad Telangana India
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Swain D, Patel PN, Palaniappan I, Sahu G, Samanthula G. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry study of forced degradation of azilsartan medoxomil potassium. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:1437-1447. [PMID: 26147484 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Azilsartan medoxomil potassium (AZM) is a new antihypertensive drug introduced in the year 2011. The presence of degradation products not only affects the quality, but also the safety aspects of the drug. Thus, it is essential to develop an efficient analytical method which could be useful to selectively separate and identify the degradation products of azilsartan medoxomil potassium. METHODS AZM was subjected to forced degradation under hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Separation of the drug and degradation products was achieved by a liquid chromatography (LC) method using an Acquity UPLC(®) C18 CSH column with mobile phase consisting of 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile using a gradient method. Identification and characterization of the degradation products was carried out using LC/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOFMS). RESULTS A total of five degradation products (DP 1 to DP 5) were formed under various stress conditions and their structures were proposed with the help of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments and accurate mass data. A common degradation product (DP 4) was observed under all the degradation conditions. DP 1, DP 2 and DP 5 were observed under acid hydrolytic conditions whereas DP 3 was observed under alkaline conditions. CONCLUSIONS AZM was found to degrade under hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic stress conditions. The structures of all the degradation products were proposed. The degradation pathway for the formation of degradation products was also hypothesized. A selective method was developed to quantify the drug in the presence of degradation products which is useful to monitor the quality of AZM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Swain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Prinesh N Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Ilayaraja Palaniappan
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP) India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Gayatri Sahu
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP) India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
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Patel PN, Borkar RM, Kalariya PD, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT, Samanthula G, Ragampeta S. Characterization of degradation products of ivabradine by LC-HR-MS/MS: a typical case of exhibition of different degradation behaviour in HCl and H2SO4 acid hydrolysis. J Mass Spectrom 2015; 50:344-353. [PMID: 25800016 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A validated stability-indicating HPLC method was established, and comprehensive stress testing of ivabradine, a cardiotonic drug, was carried out as per ICH guidelines. Ivabradine was subjected to acidic, basic and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress conditions, and the resulting degradation products were investigated by LC-PDA and LC-HR-MS/MS. The drug was found to degrade in acid and base hydrolysis. An efficient and selective stability assay method was developed on Phenomenex Luna C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) column using ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as mobile phase at 30 °C in gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 0.7 ml/min and detection wavelength was 286 nm. A total of five degradation products (I-1 to I-5) were identified and characterized by LC-HR-MS/MS in combination with accurate mass measurements. The drug exhibited different degradation behaviour in HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysis conditions. It is a unique example where two of the five degradation products in HCl hydrolysis were absent in H2SO4 acid hydrolysis. The present study provides guidance to revise the stress test for the determination of inherent stability of drugs containing lactam moiety under hydrolytic conditions. Most probable mechanisms for the formation of degradation products have been proposed on the basis of a comparison of the fragmentation pattern of the drug and its degradation products. In silico toxicity revealed that the degradation products (I-2 to I-5) were found to be severe irritants in case of ocular irritancy. The analytical assay method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, range, precision, accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinesh N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
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Samanthula G, Yadiki K, Saladi S, Gutala S, Surendranath KV. Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Doxofylline and Terbutalinesulphate in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Sci Pharm 2014; 81:969-82. [PMID: 24482767 PMCID: PMC3867251 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1305-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An isocratic, stability-indicating, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of doxofylline and terbutaline sulphate, used for the treatment of respiratory problems. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax-SB Phenyl 250 × 4.6mm × 5 μm column with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 25 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5.0) : acetonitrile (85:15 %v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The eluate was monitored at 274 nm using a PDA detector. Forced degradation studies were performed on the bulk sample of doxofylline and terbutaline sulphate using acid (0.1N HCl), base (0.1N NaOH), oxidation (10% hydrogen peroxide), photolytic, and thermal degradation conditions. Good resolution was observed between the degradants and analytes. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of doxofylline and terbutaline sulphate, thus the assay is stability-indicating. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, and precision for the simultaneous estimation of doxofylline and terbutaline sulphate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection were found to be 1.16 μg/ml and 0.38 μg/ml for doxofylline, 2.08 μg/ml and 0.62 μg/ml for terbutaline sulphate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaveni Yadiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shantikumar Saladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreekanth Gutala
- United States Pharmacopeia - India Private Limited, Research and Development Laboratory, ICICI Knowledge Park, Turkapally, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - K V Surendranath
- United States Pharmacopeia - India Private Limited, Research and Development Laboratory, ICICI Knowledge Park, Turkapally, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
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Samanthula G, Shrigod V, Patel P. Validated Stability-Indicating Assay Method for Simultaneous Determination of Aceclofenac and Thiocolchicoside using RP-HPLC. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 64:429-35. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V. Shrigod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER], Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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