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Strickler JH, Rushing CN, Uronis HE, Morse MA, Niedzwiecki D, Blobe GC, Moyer AN, Bolch E, Webb R, Haley S, Hatch AJ, Altomare IP, Sherrill GB, Chang DZ, Wells JL, Hsu SD, Jia J, Zafar SY, Nixon AB, Hurwitz HI. Cabozantinib and Panitumumab for RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Oncologist 2021; 26:465-e917. [PMID: 33469991 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED Antitumor activity was observed in the study population. Dose modifications of cabozantinib improve long-term tolerability. Biomarkers are needed to identify patient populations most likely to benefit. Further study of cabozantinib with or without panitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is warranted. BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody panitumumab is active in patients with RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but nearly all patients experience resistance. MET amplification is a driver of panitumumab resistance. Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and c-MET, and may delay or reverse anti-EGFR resistance. METHODS In this phase Ib clinical trial, we established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of cabozantinib and panitumumab. We then treated an expansion cohort to further describe the tolerability and clinical activity of the RP2D. Eligibility included patients with KRAS WT mCRC (later amended to include only RAS WT mCRC) who had received prior treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled and treated. The MTD/RP2D was cabozantinib 60 mg p.o. daily and panitumumab 6 mg/kg I.V. every 2 weeks. The objective response rate (ORR) was 16%. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months (90% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-7.1). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.1 months (90% CI, 7.5-14.3). Five patients (20%) discontinued treatment due to toxicity, and 18 patients (72%) required a dose reduction of cabozantinib. CONCLUSION The combination of cabozantinib and panitumumab has activity. Dose reductions of cabozantinib improve tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel N Rushing
- Duke Cancer Institute, Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hope E Uronis
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Duke Cancer Institute, Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley N Moyer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Bolch
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Renee Webb
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sherri Haley
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ace J Hatch
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivy P Altomare
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary B Sherrill
- Moses Cone Regional Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Z Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - James L Wells
- Lexington Oncology, West Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - S David Hsu
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jingquan Jia
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - S Yousuf Zafar
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Patel JN, O'Neil BH, Deal AM, Ibrahim JG, Sherrill GB, Olajide OA, Atluri PM, Inzerillo JJ, Chay CH, McLeod HL, Walko CM. A community-based multicenter trial of pharmacokinetically guided 5-fluorouracil dosing for personalized colorectal cancer therapy. Oncologist 2014; 19:959-65. [PMID: 25117066 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetically guided (PK-guided) versus body surface area-based 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) dosing results in higher response rates and better tolerability. A paucity of data exists on PK-guided 5-FU dosing in the community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy colorectal cancer patients, from one academic and five community cancer centers, received the mFOLFOX6 regimen (5-FU 2,400 mg/m(2) over 46 hours every 2 weeks) with or without bevacizumab at cycle 1. The 5-FU continuous-infusion dose was adjusted for cycles 2-4 using a PK-guided algorithm to achieve a literature-based target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). The primary objective was to demonstrate that PK-guided 5-FU dosing improves the ability to achieve a target AUC within four cycles of therapy. The secondary objective was to demonstrate reduced incidence of 5-FU-related toxicities. RESULTS At cycles 1 and 4, 27.7% and 46.8% of patients achieved the target AUC (20-25 mg × hour/L), respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 2.20; p = .046). Significantly more patients were within range at cycle 4 compared with a literature rate of 20% (p < .0001). Patients had significantly higher odds of not being underdosed at cycle 4 versus cycle 1 (OR: 2.29; p = .037). The odds of a patient being within range increased by 30% at each subsequent cycle (OR: 1.30; p = .03). Less grade 3/4 mucositis and diarrhea were observed compared with historical data (1.9% vs 16% and 5.6% vs 12%, respectively); however, rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia were similar (33% vs 25%-50%). CONCLUSION PK-guided 5-FU dosing resulted in significantly fewer underdosed patients and less gastrointestinal toxicity and allows for the application of personalized colorectal cancer therapy in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai N Patel
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bert H O'Neil
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Allison M Deal
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph G Ibrahim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gary B Sherrill
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Oludamilola A Olajide
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Prashanti M Atluri
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John J Inzerillo
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher H Chay
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christine M Walko
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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