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Wade A, Taïga T, Fouda MA, MaiMoussa A, Jean Marc FK, Njouom R, Vernet MA, Djonwe G, Mballa E, Kazi JP, Salla A, Nenkam R, Poueme Namegni R, Bamanga H, Casimir NKM, LeBreton M, Nwobegahay JM, Fusaro A, Zecchin B, Milani A, Gaston M, Chepnda VR, Dickmu Jumbo S, Souley A, Aboubakar Y, Fotso Kamnga Z, Nkuo C, Atkam H, Dauphin G, Wiersma L, Bebay C, Nzietchueng S, Vincent T, Biaou C, Mbacham W, Monne I, Cattoli G. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in Cameroon, 2016-2017. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:559-575. [PMID: 29985640 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1492087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In May 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype A/H5N1 was detected in Cameroon in an industrial poultry farm at Mvog-Betsi, Yaoundé (Centre region), with a recorded sudden increase of deaths among chickens, and an overall mortality rate of 75%. The virus spread further and caused new outbreaks in some parts of the country. In total, 21 outbreaks were confirmed from May 2016 to March 2017 (six in the Centre, six in the West, eight in the South and one in the Adamaoua regions). This resulted in an estimated total loss of 138,252 birds (44,451 deaths due to infection and 93,801 stamped out). Only domestic birds (chickens, ducks and geese) were affected in farms as well as in poultry markets. The outbreaks occurred in three waves, the first from May to June 2016, the second in September 2016 and the last wave in March 2017. The topology of the phylogeny based on the haemagglutinin gene segment indicated that the causative H5N1 viruses fall within the genetic clade 2.3.2.1c, within the same group as the A/H5N1 viruses collected in Niger in 2015 and 2016. More importantly, the gene constellation of four representative viruses showed evidence of H5N1/H9N2 intra-clade reassortment. Additional epidemiological and genetic data from affected countries in West Africa are needed to better trace the origin, spread and evolution of A/H5N1 in Cameroon. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS HPAI A/H5N1 was detected in May 2016 in domestic chickens in Yaoundé-Cameroon. Twenty-one outbreaks in total were confirmed from May 2016 to March 2017. The causative H5N1 viruses fall within the genetic clade 2.3.2.1c. The viral gene constellation showed evidence of H5N1/H9N2 intra-clade reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Wade
- a Laboratoire National Veterinaire (LANAVET) , Yaoundé , Cameroon.,b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Taïga Taïga
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaston Djonwe
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Robert Nenkam
- a Laboratoire National Veterinaire (LANAVET) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | | | - Hamadou Bamanga
- a Laboratoire National Veterinaire (LANAVET) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Ndongo K M Casimir
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | | | | | - Alice Fusaro
- h Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Bianca Zecchin
- h Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Adelaide Milani
- h Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Meyebe Gaston
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Vitalis R Chepnda
- i Emerging and Reemerging Zoonotic Diseases Program , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | | | | | - Yaya Aboubakar
- a Laboratoire National Veterinaire (LANAVET) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Zephyrin Fotso Kamnga
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Conrad Nkuo
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Hamman Atkam
- b Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Gwenaelle Dauphin
- j Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) Headquarters , Roma , Italy
| | - Lidewij Wiersma
- j Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) Headquarters , Roma , Italy
| | | | | | - Tanya Vincent
- m Administration, University of Bamenda , Bamenda , Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Biaou
- j Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) Headquarters , Roma , Italy
| | - Wilfred Mbacham
- n Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Isabella Monne
- h Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- o Animal Production and Health Laboratory , Joint FAO/IAEA Division for Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, IAEA , Vienna , Austria
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