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Legese H, Berhe B, Adhanom G, Kahsay T, Gebrewahd A, Gebremariam G, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Gebremedhin H, Negash H. Trend analysis of hepatitis B and C among patients visiting health facility of Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2014-2019. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:164. [PMID: 37208626 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C viruses are the major public health concerns of the globe. The two hepatotropic viruses share common modes of transmission and their co-infection is common. Despite the provision of an effective prevention mechanism, the infections caused by these viruses remain a significant problem worldwide, particularly among developing countries like Ethiopia. METHODS This institutional-based retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 December and December 2019 from documented laboratory logbooks of Adigrat general hospital serology laboratory, Tigrai, Ethiopia. data were collected and checked for completeness on a daily based, coded, entered, and cleaned using Epinfo version 7.1, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test (X2) assessed the association between dependent and independent variables. The corresponding variables with a P-value (P < 0.05) and 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 20,935 clinically suspected individuals, 20,622 were given specimens and tested for hepatitis B and C viruses with total completeness of 98.5%. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was found to be 3.57% (689/19,273) and 2.13% (30/1,405), respectively. The positivity rate of the hepatitis B virus was 8.0% (106/1317) and 3.24% (583/17,956) among males and females, respectively. Additionally, 2.49%( 12/481) of males and 1.94% (18/924) of females were positive for hepatitis C virus infection. The overall prevalence of co-infection for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was 7.4% (4/54). Sex and age were significantly associated with hepatitis B and C virus infection. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C is low intermediate according to the WHO criteria. Although there was a fluctuating trend of hepatitis B and C through the years 2014-2019, the result shows moreover declining trend. Both hepatitis B and C share similar routes of transmission and affect all age categories but males were more highly affected than females. Therefore, awareness creation of the community about the methods of transmission, education about prevention, and control of hepatitis B and C virus infection, and improving coverage of youth-friendly services in health facilities should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftay Gebremedhin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat City, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Tesfay K, Mardu F, Berhe B, Negash H, Legese H, Adhanom G, Belay G, Gebrewahid A, Tesfay S, Gufue ZH. Household knowledge, practice and treatment seeking behaviors towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic rural communities of Ganta- afeshum district, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 34130733 PMCID: PMC8204582 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-021-00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic to Ethiopia. However, the prevention and control efforts of leishmaniasis remain unfocused with clear knowledge and practice gaps within the country. Thus, a house to house survey has been carried out to assess the knowledge, practice and treatment-seeking behavior of households towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rural communities of Tigrai region, northern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional house-to-house survey was conducted in two selected rural villages of Ganta-afeshum district, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia in 2019. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Household heads were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Epi info version 7.0 was used for data entry and the data were imported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to test the association between the independent variables and the knowledge and practice status of the study participants. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association among the variables. RESULTS In our study, most of the participants (78%) stated that cutaneous leishmaniasis is a health problem in the area. Three hundred eighty (99.5%) participants responded that the most common clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis is a lesion on the face. All of the study participants did not know the mode of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, and had never heard of the sand fly. A majority of the participants were unaware of the main prevention methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lastly, traditional medicine was used in 90% of the study households with a previous history for cutaneous leishmaniasis. CONCLUSION There is a lack of awareness regarding the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ganta-afeshum, Ethiopia, where the majority of individuals are unfamiliar with the sand fly vector. Prevention methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis were unavailable among the community. Therefore, health education programs concerning cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, prevention, and treatment in the area should be rigorously implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Belay
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahid
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zenawi Hagos Gufue
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Berhe B, Legese H, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Adhanom G, Kahsay T, Belay G, Negash H. Epidemiology and sex differences of podoconiosis in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05446. [PMID: 33981868 PMCID: PMC8082554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Podoconiosis is a poorly understood neglected tropical disease which results in a high socio-economic burden. In Ethiopia, despite the high prevalence, morbidity, and socio-economic impacts, little information is available about the disease. Thus, this review aimed to assess the effect of sex differences and pooled prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia. STUDY SETTING Ethiopia is a country located in East Africa. METHODS Published literature on the prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia was searched through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Goggle scholar, and Global Health. Studies conducted in humans, open access, and met 50% threshold on the quality assessment checklist score adopted from Joanna Briggs Institute were eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted using first author, year of publication, participants' population, setting (urban/rural), study design, podoconiosis infection among males, the total number of males, podoconiosis infection among females, the total number of females, and context using Microsoft™ Excel. R statistical software version 3.6.1 was utilized to carry out the meta-analysis. The protocol of this review is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews and assigned a registration number of CRD 42020154697. RESULTS We performed heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis for the included articles. We identified 229 records, of which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia was 6% [95% CI: 5%; 6%]. Subgroup analysis by setting indicated slightly higher prevalence in rural settings. The odds of podoconiosis infection among female is 1.15 times that of males" The effect of sex on podoconiosis was sub-grouped by study setting and the odds of females were 1.29 times at increased risk of acquiring podoconiosis than males (p < 0.01) in rural settings. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of podoconiosis in Ethiopia is high. This review suggested that females are at higher risk of developing podoconiosis than males, particularly in rural communities which has health promotion and awareness implications regarding protective wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Belay
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box: 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Haileslasie H, Tsegaye A, Teklehaymanot G, Belay G, Gebremariam G, Gebremichail G, Tesfanchal B, Kaleaye K, Legesse L, Adhanom G, Mardu F, Gebrewahd A, Tesfay G, Gebertsadik A. Community based hematological reference intervals among apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-17 years in Mekelle city, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234106. [PMID: 32925920 PMCID: PMC7489559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematological reference intervals are important in clinical and diagnostic management for the assessment of health and disease conditions. Hematological reference intervals are better to be established based on gender and age differences as these are among the main affecting factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish hematological reference intervals among apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-17 years in Mekelle City, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. METHOD A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 249 adolescents aged 12-17 years from December 2018 to May 2019. About 4ml of blood sample was collected from each study participant using vacutainer tube containing K2EDTA. Hematological parameters were analyzed using Sysmex KX-21N hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Both parametric and non-parametric analyses were used to calculate the median and 95% of reference intervals. The 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles were calculated using descriptive statistics for the upper and lower reference limits of the study participants. Differences in reference intervals between male and female participants were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULT Among the 249 participants 122 (49%) were males and 127 (51%) were females with the median age of 14.5 (range 12 to 17) years were recruited in this study. The median and the 95% reference intervals of hematological parameters were determined. The 95% RIs were: Red blood cells (1012/Liter) 4.6-5.9 (Males) and 4.3-5.6 (Females), White blood cells (109/Liter) 2.9-9.6 (Males) and 3.4-10.2 (Females), Hemoglobin (g/dl) 12.6-17.1 (Males) and 12-15.4 (Females), Platelets (109/Liter) 138-364 (Males) and 151-462 (Females). Almost all of the hematological parameters showed significant differences (p<0.05) across gender. CONCLUSION The hematological reference intervals established in this study showed a difference based on gender. We suggest preparing and using distinct local reference intervals for males and females separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagos Haileslasie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreyohanes Teklehaymanot
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Belay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreslassie Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Tesfanchal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kelali Kaleaye
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Lemlem Legesse
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrehiwet Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Ataklti Gebertsadik
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Legese H, Kahsay T, Gebrewahd A, Berhe B, Fseha B, Tadesse S, Gebremariam G, Negash H, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Adhanom G. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers in Adigrat University student's cafeteria, northern Ethiopia, 2018. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32944267 PMCID: PMC7488778 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food handlers play a significant role in the transmission of foodborne infections. Salmonella and Shigella are the most common foodborne pathogens and their infections are a major public health problem globally. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella colonization among food handlers. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2018 at Adigrat University student cafeteria, Northern Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fresh stool samples were collected from 301 food handlers and transported to Adigrat University Microbiology Laboratory. Bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using standard bacteriological methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and P < 0.05 where a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 301 food handlers were included in this study. The majority of study participants were females 265 (88.0%). About 22 (7.3%) and 11 (3.7%) of food handlers were found to be positive for Salmonella and Shigella respectively. Hand washing after using a bathroom with water only, no hand washing after using the bathroom, no hand washing after touching dirty materials, no hand washing before food handling, and untrimmed fingernails were significant associated factors identified. None of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, yet low resistance against chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin was found. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers was 22 (7.3%) and 11 (3.7%) respectively. Such colonized food handlers can contaminate food, and drinks and could serve as a source of infection to consumers. This indicates that there is a need for strengthened infection control measures to prevent Salmonella and Shigella transmission in the students' cafeteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Berhane Fseha
- Department of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Tadesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr dar University, Bahr dar, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Gebrewahd A, Adhanom G, Gebremichail G, Kahsay T, Berhe B, Asfaw Z, Tadesse S, Gebremedhin H, Negash H, Tesfanchal B, Haileselasie H, Weldetinsaa HL. Bacteriological quality and associated risk factors of drinking water in Eastern zone, Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:15. [PMID: 32874669 PMCID: PMC7456027 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights and is critical to health. However, much of the world’s population lacks access to adequate and safe water. Approximately 884,000, 000 people in the world still do not get their drinking water from safe sources; Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for over one third of this number. It is estimated that 80% of all illnesses in the world are related to use of unsafe and contaminated water. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1st 2017 to July 30th 2018 in three randomly selected woreda (districts) of Eastern Zone Tigrai. Water samples were examined for total coliforms and thermotelorant coliforms using the most probable number method. Standard biochemical testing was performed on samples that tested positive to identify the genus of bacteria. The contaminant risk of water sources were assessed using the sanitary inspection checklist of the World Health Organization. The results were interpreted using World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality. Data was collected using laboratory checklist and sanitary inspection check list. It was entered, cleared and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and a variable having a P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all tests. Results A total of 290 drinking water samples were analyzed for bacteriological quality. A total of 32.4% (n = 94) of water sources showed contamination with faecal and total coliforms. Of these 3.4% (n = 10) samples were contaminated with total coliforms and 29% (n = 84) contaminated with faecal coliforms. The leading water contaminant organisms were Escherichia coli (62.4%), Legionella species (8.5%), and Shigella species (7.5%) respectively. Based on WHO criteria, 15% of water sources were grouped in the very high risk group. Animal excreta and inadequate fencing of water sources were significantly associated with water contamination rate. Conclusion Our findings suggest that most water sources in woredas of Eastern Tigrai are contaminated by faecal coliforms. Therefore, regular sanitary inspection, bacteriological analysis, and adequate fencing should be mandatory to protect drinking water sources from faecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Zinabu Asfaw
- Department of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Tadesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Haftay Gebremedhin
- Department of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Tesfanchal
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Haileselasie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese Weldetinsaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Tesfanchal B, Gebremichail G, Belay G, Gebremariam G, Teklehaimanot G, Haileslasie H, Kahsu G, Gebrewahd A, Mardu F, Adhanom G, Berhe B, Teame H, Tsegaye A, Wolde M. Alteration of Clinical Chemistry Parameters Among Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Western Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2018/2019: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3055-3062. [PMID: 32943889 PMCID: PMC7467734 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s261698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis causes alterations of lipid metabolism and it is associated with hypocholesterolemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Hepatic dysfunction and life-threatening hepatitis are associated with visceral leishmaniasis. Kidney damage is frequently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in visceral leishmaniasis patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the alterations of clinical chemistry parameters among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending Kahsay Abera and Mearg hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 100 visceral leishmaniasis patients and 100 healthy controls without visceral leishmaniasis were selected by using convenient sampling techniques. Data were entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS Results were showed that the mean value of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and triglyceride was significantly higher in visceral leishmaniasis patients than in apparently healthy controls, but the mean value of serum urea and total cholesterol was significantly lower in visceral leishmaniasis patients than healthy controls. CONCLUSION The finding of this study concluded that visceral leishmaniasis causes significant alterations of clinical chemistry tests like liver and lipid profile tests compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Tesfanchal
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Belay
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreslassie Gebremariam
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreyohannes Teklehaimanot
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Haileslasie
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Teame
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mistire Wolde
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Negash H, Welay M, Legese H, Adhanom G, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Gebrewahd A, Berhe B. Increased Virological Failure and Determinants Among HIV Patients on Highly Active Retroviral Therapy in Adigrat General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1863-1872. [PMID: 32606835 PMCID: PMC7308120 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s251619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, despite the integrated implementation of antiretroviral therapy since 2005, the human immunodeficiency virus remains a public health concern. Managing and detecting antiretroviral treatment response is important to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy for individuals who experience failed virological response. An increased viral load indicating drug resistance or rapid progression of viral replication needs early detection. Hence, we aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of virological response among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Adigrat General Hospital from September to December, 2019, on a total of 422 participants. An interviewer-based questionnaire was used for data collection. About 4 mL of venous blood was collected for viral load determination. Patient records were reviewed for the previous results of CD4+ T cell counts. STATA 14 software was used to analyze the data. Descriptive data were presented using tables and figures. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. RESULTS The mean age of study participants was 39 years (SD ±12.2 years), of which 66.7% of them were females. The overall prevalence of virological failure was 12.47% (49/393). Moreover, the prevalence of virological failure was observed to be higher among tuberculosis co-infected individuals (26%) compared with the mono-infected HIV patients (6.3%). The odds of virological failure were higher among obese and undernourished individuals, tuberculosis co-infected, and individuals with the failure of immune reconstitution. CONCLUSION There was a high rate of virological failure among the study participants. Tuberculosis infection increased the rate of failure. There should be consistent assessment of viral load testing to determine the status of virological response for appropriate drug switching to clients. HIV patients with virological failure are recommended for switching of the antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadush Negash
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Miglas Welay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Negash H, Legese H, Adhanom G, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Gebreslasie Gebremeskel S, Berhe B. Six Years Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis in Northwestern Tigrai, Ethiopia; 2019: A Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:643-649. [PMID: 32158240 PMCID: PMC7047984 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s239717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia is one of the 22 high tuberculosis burden countries. In our country. there are limited published data to show the trend analysis of tuberculosis. Hence, we designed this trend analysis to fill the information gap in our study area. Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed from 2013 to 2018 to determine the trend analysis of tuberculosis among tuberculosis presumptive clients in Northwestern Tigrai. We have used a standard checklist to extract the data. There were some missing data from the logbooks which are then excluded from the analysis. RESULTS A total of 7793 tuberculosis presumptive clients were requested for laboratory diagnosis of which about 7639 results had a valid result for X-pert MTB/Rif assay. The overall detection rate of tuberculosis was found to be 9.9% (756/7639). Of the total tuberculosis cases, 8.7 % (66/756) were rifampicin-resistant. The trend of tuberculosis across the six years was fluctuating with a declining trend in the recent three years. HIV infection and being presumptive to drug resistance were associated with tuberculosis detection. CONCLUSION Although there was a cumulative declining trend of tuberculosis within the last six years, prevention and control strategies still need to be improved to achieve the stop tuberculosis strategy. To create a world free of tuberculosis, there should be quality service provision regarding tuberculosis case detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadush Negash
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Gebreslasie Gebremeskel
- Unit of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Berhe B, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Legese H, Adhanom G, Haileslasie H, Gebremichail G, Tesfanchal B, Shishay N, Negash H. More Than Half Prevalence of Protozoan Parasitic Infections Among Diarrheic Outpatients in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019; A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:27-34. [PMID: 32021317 PMCID: PMC6954853 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s238493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protozoan infections remain a major public health concern in Ethiopia, which causes malnutrition, protein and iron deficiencies, increment of health costs, hospitalization and long-term deleterious effects. In Tigrai, particularly, in the study area, there are limited literatures on the prevalence of protozoa and associated factors among diarrheic outpatients. Thus, aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of protozoan infections among diarrheic outpatients in Eastern Tigrai. Methods Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia from April to October 2019 among diarrheic outpatient in health facilities of Adigrat. Four hundred one eighteen study participants were included consecutively. The stool samples were examined via direct wet mount following formal-ether concentration technique. Both interviewer based and self-administrated questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and factors associated with protozoan infections. Data were analyzed and computed using BM SPSS statistics version 22.0. P-value=0.05 at 95% confidence interval declared statistically significant. Results Out of 418 diarrheic outpatients, the overall prevalence of protozoan infection was 59.3% (248/418). A higher percentage of intestinal protozoan infection was recorded for females 130 (31.1%). Using well water as a source of drinking, poor hand washing habits before eating, not home latrine, dirty and untrimmed fingernails were the most important risk factors identified. E. histolytica complex and Giardia duodenalis were the most predominant protozoan infections detected among diarrheic outpatients. Conclusion The present study showed that diarrheic outpatients in the study area were heavily infected with protozoan parasitic infection. E. histolytica complex and Giardia duodenalis were the most predominant protozoans detected among diarrheic outpatients. Using well water as a source of drinking, poor handwashing habit before eating, not having home latrine, dirty and untrimmed fingernails were most important risk factors identified. So, cooperative action and health education on preventive measure are needed to reduce protozoan infections in Tigrai, particularly in the study area. The present study showed that diarrheic outpatients in the study area were heavily infected with protozoan parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Berhe
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Haileslasie
- Unite of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Unite of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Tesfanchal
- Unite of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Shishay
- Unite of Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
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Berhe B, Mardu F, Legese H, Gebrewahd A, Gebremariam G, Tesfay K, Kahsu G, Negash H, Adhanom G. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Adigrat General Hospital, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:310. [PMID: 31151463 PMCID: PMC6544916 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which causes maternal and fetal severe consequences. In Tigrai, there are limited literatures on prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women. Thus, a hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia in Adigrat General Hospital. Data was analyzed and computed using SPSS version 22. p value = 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results Overall prevalence of Anemia among the pregnant women attending Adigrat General Hospital was 7.9%. About 62.5% and 37.5% of the anemic women were with mild (Hgb: 10.0–10.9 g/d1) and moderate (Hgb: 7–9.9 g/dl) type respectively. Factors like, residing in rural areas increases risk of anemia by 6 times (AOR = 6, 95% CI 1.34, 27.6, p = 0.019), participants having current blood loss (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.16, 10.2, p = 0.026), having history of recent abortion (AOR = 7.9, 95% CI 2.23, 28.1, p = 0.001) and gestational age in the third trimester (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.39, 17.6, p = 0.013) were statistically associated with anemia. Generally, prevalence of anemia is found to be low in the study area. However, it should be given due attention. Therefore, strong endeavor is needed to control anemia among pregnant women by assessing different micronutrient deficiencies for further prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Tadesse S, Kahsay T, Adhanom G, Kahsu G, Legese H, G/Wahid A, Derbie A. Correction to: Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and predictors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Adigrat General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:798. [PMID: 30409208 PMCID: PMC6223092 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senait Tadesse
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew G/Wahid
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Derbie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,The Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tadesse S, Kahsay T, Adhanom G, Kahsu G, Legese H, G/Wahid A, Derbie A. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and predictors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Adigrat General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:740. [PMID: 30340646 PMCID: PMC6194591 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approach to asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Ethiopia is mainly based on clinical grounds and urine strip and microscopy tests. On top of this, the treatment is also on an empirical basis which may leads to an increased antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Adigrat Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. RESULTS Out of 259 pregnant women included in the study, the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was at 55 (21.2%). Gram negative bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli were the predominant isolates followed by Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis. Of the Gram positive identified bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was main isolate. Age of the mother (18-25 years old) with [AOR = 8.5, 95% CI (2.2, 32.9)], family income (< 1000 ETB) with [AOR = 7.5, 95% CI = (2.4, 23.1)] and gestational period at 1st trimester [AOR = 11.9, 95% CI (4.4, 32.4)] and 2nd trimester [AOR; 5.6, 95% CI (2.0, 15.5%)] were predictors significantly associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. All Gram negative isolates were found 100% resistance to Ampicllin. Moreover, all Gram positive isolates were found sensitive to Vancomycin at 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Tadesse
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsega Kahsay
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew G/Wahid
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Derbie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,The Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Legese H, Kahsay AG, Kahsay A, Araya T, Adhanom G, Muthupandian S, Gebreyesus A. Nasal carriage, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in Adigrat and Wukro hospitals, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:250. [PMID: 29685170 PMCID: PMC5914064 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine nasal carriage, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care-workers of Adigrat and Wukro hospitals Northern Ethiopia. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in the present study were 12% (29/242) and 5.8% (14/242) respectively. The rate of MRSA among S. aureus was 48.3%(14/29). In this study, MRSA carriage was particularly higher among nurse professionals (7.8%) and surgical ward (17.1%). None of the MRSA isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. However, low resistance was found for chloramphenicol and clindamycin. Being diabetic and use of hands rub was statistically significant with MRSA colonization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3353-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Legese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Atsebaha Gebrekidan Kahsay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Amlisha Kahsay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Araya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Araya Gebreyesus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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