1
|
Meza-Ramos A, Alcarraz A, Lazo-Rodriguez M, Sangüesa G, Banon-Maneus E, Rovira J, Ramirez-Bajo MJ, Sitges M, Mont L, Ventura-Aguiar P, Batlle M, Guasch E. High-Intensity Exercise Promotes Deleterious Cardiovascular Remodeling in a High-Cardiovascular-Risk Model: A Role for Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1462. [PMID: 37508000 PMCID: PMC10376780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the benefits of moderate exercise in patients at high cardiovascular risk are well established, the effects of strenuous exercise remain unknown. We aimed to study the impact of strenuous exercise in a very high cardiovascular risk model. Nephrectomized aged Zucker obese rats were trained at a moderate (MOD) or high (INT) intensity or were kept sedentary (SED) for 10 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiography and ex vivo vascular reactivity assays were performed, and blood, aortas, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and left ventricles (LVs) were harvested. An improved risk profile consisting of decreased body weight and improved response to a glucose tolerance test was noted in the trained groups. Vascular reactivity experiments in the descending thoracic aorta demonstrated increased endothelial NO release in the MOD group but not in the INT group, compared with SED; the free radical scavenger TEMPOL improved endothelial function in INT rats to a similar level as MOD. An imbalance in the expression of oxidative stress-related genes toward a pro-oxidant environment was observed in the PVAT of INT rats. In the heart, INT training promoted eccentric hypertrophy and a mild reduction in ejection fraction. Obesity was associated with LV fibrosis and a transition toward β-myosin heavy chain and the N2Ba titin isoform. Exercise reverted the myosin imbalance, but only MOD reduced the predominance of the N2Ba titin isoform. In conclusion, moderate exercise yields the most intense cardiovascular benefits in a high-cardiovascular-risk animal model, while intense training partially reverts them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lazo-Rodriguez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Banon-Maneus
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Ramirez-Bajo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Ventura-Aguiar
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sangüesa G, Batlle M, Muñoz-Moreno E, Soria G, Alcarraz A, Rubies C, Sitjà-Roqueta L, Solana E, Martínez-Heras E, Meza-Ramos A, Amaro S, Llufriu S, Mont L, Guasch E. Intense long-term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:282-298. [PMID: 36256544 PMCID: PMC10092505 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of extremely intense long-term exercise for brain health remain unknown. We studied the effects of strenuous exercise on brain structure and function, its dose-response relationship, and mechanisms in a rat model of endurance training. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to moderate (MOD) or intense (INT) exercise or a sedentary (SED) group for 16 weeks. MOD rats showed the highest motivation and learning capacity in operant conditioning experiments; SED and INT presented similar results. In vivo MRI demonstrated enhanced global and regional connectivity efficiency and clustering as well as a higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MOD but not INT rats compared with SED. In the cortex, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV and AMPK activation denoted mitochondrial dysfunction in INT rats. An imbalance in cortical antioxidant capacity was found between MOD and INT rats. The MOD group showed the lowest hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers were similar in all groups. In conclusion, strenuous long-term exercise yields a lesser improvement in learning ability than moderate exercise. Blunting of MOD-induced improvements in CBF and connectivity efficiency, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial energetics and, possibly, transient local oxidative stress, may underlie the findings in intensively trained rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cira Rubies
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Sitjà-Roqueta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloy Martínez-Heras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Amaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina seu Casanova, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bartra C, Jager LA, Alcarraz A, Meza-Ramos A, Sangüesa G, Corpas R, Guasch E, Batlle M, Sanfeliu C. Antioxidant Molecular Brain Changes Parallel Adaptive Cardiovascular Response to Forced Running in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1891. [PMID: 36290614 PMCID: PMC9598430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physically active lifestyle has huge implications for the health and well-being of people of all ages. However, excessive training can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart fibrosis and arrhythmia. In addition, strenuous exercise may impair brain plasticity. Here we investigate the presence of any deleterious effects induced by chronic high-intensity exercise, although not reaching exhaustion. We analyzed cardiovascular, cognitive, and cerebral molecular changes in young adult male mice submitted to treadmill running for eight weeks at moderate or high-intensity regimens compared to sedentary mice. Exercised mice showed decreased weight gain, which was significant for the high-intensity group. Exercised mice showed cardiac hypertrophy but with no signs of hemodynamic overload. No morphological changes in the descending aorta were observed, either. High-intensity training induced a decrease in heart rate and an increase in motor skills. However, it did not impair recognition or spatial memory, and, accordingly, the expression of hippocampal and cerebral cortical neuroplasticity markers was maintained. Interestingly, proteasome enzymatic activity increased in the cerebral cortex of all trained mice, and catalase expression was significantly increased in the high-intensity group; both first-line mechanisms contribute to maintaining redox homeostasis. Therefore, physical exercise at an intensity that induces adaptive cardiovascular changes parallels increases in antioxidant defenses to prevent brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bartra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Andre Jager
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rubies C, Batlle M, Sanz-de la Garza M, Dantas AP, Jorba I, Fernandez G, Sangüesa G, Abuli M, Brugada J, Sitges M, Navajas D, Mont L, Guasch E. Long-Term Strenuous Exercise Promotes Vascular Injury by Selectively Damaging the Tunica Media. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:681-693. [PMID: 35958697 PMCID: PMC9357576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term strenuous endurance training promotes a deleterious vascular remodeling, in contrast to the beneficial effects of moderate exercise. Tunica media fibrosis, possibly mediated by miR-212, miR-132, and miR-146b down-regulation, and intrinsic vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening may contribute to aortic stiffening. Endothelial function improves in a similar intensity after moderate and strenuous training. However, in the INT group, a larger NO-mediated vasorelaxation is compensated by more intense vasoconstriction, leading to a potentially unstable balance. Strenuous exercise-induced vascular stiffening and changes in endothelial function remain after ceasing physical activity.
Moderate exercise has well-founded benefits in cardiovascular health. However, increasing, yet controversial, evidence suggests that extremely trained athletes may not be protected from cardiovascular events as much as moderately trained individuals. In our rodent model, intensive but not moderate training promoted aorta and carotid stiffening and elastic lamina ruptures, tunica media thickening of intramyocardial arteries, and an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and relaxation agents. An up-regulation of angiotensin-converter enzyme, miR-212, miR-132, and miR-146b might account for this deleterious remodeling. Most changes remained after a 4-week detraining. In conclusion, our results suggest that intensive training blunts the benefits of moderate exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cira Rubies
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sanz-de la Garza
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana-Paula Dantas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guerau Fernandez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Genetics and Molecular Medicine Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues Del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Abuli
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Dr Lluís Mont, Cardiovascular Institute–Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, C/ Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Address for correspondence: Dr Eduard Guasch, Cardiovascular Institute–Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, C/ Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. @EduGuasch
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roglans N, Baena M, Sangüesa G, Velázquez AM, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic liquid fructose supplementation does not cause liver tumorigenesis but elicits clear sex differences in the metabolic response in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7670. [PMID: 34650394 PMCID: PMC8494264 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased over the last decades and may evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As HCC is challenging to treat, knowledge on the modifiable risk factors for NAFLD/HCC (e.g. hyper caloric diets rich in fructose) is essential. Objective and design We used a model of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis to investigate the liver cancer-promoting effects of a diet supplemented with 10% liquid fructose, administered to male and female rats for 11 months. A subset of the fructose-supplemented rats received resveratrol (RVT) in the last 4 months of treatment. Results and discussion Rat livers showed no de visu or histological evidence of liver tumorigenesis. However, we observed metabolic abnormalities that could be related to cancer development mainly in the female fructose-supplemented rats, such as increases in weight, adiposity and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia, hyperleptinemia and a reduced insulin sensitivity index, which were partially reversed by RVT. Therefore, we performed a targeted analysis of 84 cancer-related genes in the female liver samples, which revealed expression changes associated with cancer-related pathways. Analysis of individual genes indicated that some changes increased the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (Sfrp2, Ccl5, Socs3, and Gstp1), while others exerted a protective/preventive effect (Bcl2 and Cdh1). Conclusion Our data clearly demonstrate that chronic fructose supplementation, as the sole dietary intervention, does not cause HCC development in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prischich D, Gomila AMJ, Milla‐Navarro S, Sangüesa G, Diez‐Alarcia R, Preda B, Matera C, Batlle M, Ramírez L, Giralt E, Hernando J, Guasch E, Meana JJ, Villa P, Gorostiza P. Adrenergic Modulation With Photochromic Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davia Prischich
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Alexandre M. J. Gomila
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | | | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez‐Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Bizkaia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Salud Mental (CIBER-SAM) Spain
| | - Beatrice Preda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez
- Department of Systems Biology University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Bizkaia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Salud Mental (CIBER-SAM) Spain
| | - Pedro Villa
- Department of Systems Biology University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prischich D, Gomila AMJ, Milla‐Navarro S, Sangüesa G, Diez‐Alarcia R, Preda B, Matera C, Batlle M, Ramírez L, Giralt E, Hernando J, Guasch E, Meana JJ, Villa P, Gorostiza P. Adrenergic Modulation With Photochromic Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3625-3631. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davia Prischich
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Alexandre M. J. Gomila
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | | | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez‐Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Bizkaia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Salud Mental (CIBER-SAM) Spain
| | - Beatrice Preda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez
- Department of Systems Biology University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Bizkaia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Salud Mental (CIBER-SAM) Spain
| | - Pedro Villa
- Department of Systems Biology University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red— Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sangüesa G, Roglans N, Baena M, Velázquez AM, Laguna JC, Alegret M. mTOR is a Key Protein Involved in the Metabolic Effects of Simple Sugars. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051117. [PMID: 30841536 PMCID: PMC6429387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important threats to global human health is the increasing incidences of metabolic pathologies (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), which is paralleled by increasing consumptions of hypercaloric diets enriched in simple sugars. The challenge is to identify the metabolic pathways affected by the excessive consumption of these dietary components when they are consumed in excess, to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to metabolic pathologies and identify novel therapeutic targets to manage them. Mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as one of the key molecular nodes that integrate extracellular signals, such as energy status and nutrient availability, to trigger cell responses that could lead to the above-mentioned diseases through the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. By activating mTOR signalling, excessive consumption of simple sugars (such as fructose and glucose), could modulate hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and catabolism and thus lipid deposition in the liver. In the present review we will discuss some of the most recent studies showing the central role of mTOR in the metabolic effects of excessive simple sugar consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sangüesa G, Roglans N, Montañés JC, Baena M, Velázquez AM, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic Liquid Fructose, but not Glucose, Supplementation Selectively Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Leptin Resistance and Hypertrophy in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800777. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Madrid Spain
| | - José Carlos Montañés
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; School of Pharmacy and Food Science; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaligram S, Sangüesa G, Akther F, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Rahimian R. Differential effects of high consumption of fructose or glucose on mesenteric arterial function in female rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:136-144. [PMID: 29727795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that type of supplemented simple sugar, not merely calorie intake, determines adverse effects on metabolism and aortic endothelial function in female rats. The aim of the current study was to investigate and compare the effects of high consumption of glucose or fructose on mesenteric arterial reactivity and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Sprague-Dawley female rats were supplemented with 20% w/v glucose or fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks. Here, we show that both sugars alter insulin signaling in mesenteric arteries (MA), assessed by a reduction in phosphorylated Akt, and increase in SBP. Furthermore, ingestion of glucose or fructose enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and contractile responses to endothelin and phenylephrine in MA of rats. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine and bradykinin as well as the relaxation responses to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside are impaired in MA of fructose- but not glucose-supplemented rats. In contrast, only glucose supplementation increases the expression of phosphorylated endothelial NOS (eNOS) in MA of rats. In conclusion, this study reveals that supplementation with fructose or glucose in liquid form enhances vasocontractile responses and increases iNOS expression in MA, effects which are accompanied by increased SBP in those groups. On the other hand, the preserved vasodilatory responses in MA from glucose-supplemented rats could be attributed to the enhanced level of phosphorylated eNOS expression in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona; IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona); CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición)
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona; IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona); CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición)
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sangüesa G, Montañés JC, Baena M, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic fructose intake does not induce liver steatosis and inflammation in female Sprague-Dawley rats, but causes hypertriglyceridemia related to decreased VLDL receptor expression. Eur J Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29516226 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sugar-sweetened beverage intake is a risk factor for insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and steatohepatitis (NASH). Sub-chronic supplementation of liquid fructose, but not glucose, in female rats increases liver and plasma triglycerides without inflammation. We hypothesized that chronic supplementation of fructose would cause NASH and liver insulin resistance. METHODS We supplemented female Sprague-Dawley rats with water or either fructose or glucose 10% w/v solutions under isocaloric conditions for 7 months. At the end, plasma analytes, insulin, and adiponectin were determined, as well as liver triglyceride content and the expression of key genes controlling inflammation, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and plasma VLDL clearance, by biochemical and histological methods. RESULTS Although sugar-supplemented rats increased their energy intake by 50-60%, we found no manifestation of liver steatosis, fibrosis or necrosis, unchanged plasma or tissue markers of inflammation or fibrosis, and reduced liver expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, despite both sugars increased fatty acid synthesis, mTORC1, and IRE1 activity, while decreasing fatty acid oxidation and PPARα activity. Only fructose-supplemented rats were hypertriglyceridemic, showing a reduced expression of VLDL receptor and lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle and vWAT. Glucose-supplemented rats showed increased adiponectinemia, which would explain the different metabolic outcomes of the two sugars. CONCLUSIONS Chronic liquid simple sugar supplementation, as the sole risk factor, is not enough for female rats to develop NASH and increased liver gluconeogenesis. Nevertheless, under isocaloric conditions, only fructose induced hypertriglyceridemia, thus confirming that also the type of nutrient matters in the development of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Montañés
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sangüesa G, Cascales M, Griñán C, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Pallàs M, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Impairment of Novel Object Recognition Memory and Brain Insulin Signaling in Fructose- but Not Glucose-Drinking Female Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6984-6999. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Alegret M, Sangüesa G, Cascales M, Griñán C, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Pallàs M, Laguna JC. Impairment of novel object recognition learning and brain insulin signaling in fructose-, but not glucose-drinking, female rats. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Sangüesa G, Baena M, Hutter N, Montañés JC, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alegret M. The Addition of Liquid Fructose to a Western-Type Diet in LDL-R -/- Mice Induces Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis Markers without Disrupting Insulin Receptor Signalling after an Insulin Challenge. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030278. [PMID: 28294959 PMCID: PMC5372941 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of fat and simple sugars, especially fructose, has been related to the development of insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the effects of these nutrients are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of a Western-type diet and liquid fructose supplementation, alone and combined, on insulin signalling and inflammation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice (LDL-R−/−). LDL-R−/− mice were fed chow or Western diet ±15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin, and the expression of genes related to inflammation in the liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), were analysed. V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog-2 (Akt) activation was measured in the liver of the mice after a single injection of saline or insulin. None of the dietary interventions caused inflammation in vWAT, whereas the Western diet induced hepatic inflammation, which was further enhanced by liquid fructose, leading also to a significant increase in fibrogenesis markers. However, there was no change in plasma glucose or insulin, or insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis markers induced by a Western diet supplemented with liquid fructose in LDL-R−/− mice are not associated with a significant impairment of hepatic insulin signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natalia Hutter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Carlos Montañés
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sangüesa G, Shaligram S, Akther F, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Rahimian R, Alegret M. Type of supplemented simple sugar, not merely calorie intake, determines adverse effects on metabolism and aortic function in female rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H289-H304. [PMID: 27923787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High consumption of simple sugars causes adverse cardiometabolic effects. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the metabolic and vascular effects of glucose or fructose intake and determined whether these effects are exclusively related to increased calorie consumption. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with 20% wt/vol glucose or fructose for 2 mo, and plasma analytes and aortic response to vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents were determined. Expression of molecules associated with lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and vascular response were evaluated in hepatic and/or aortic tissues. Caloric intake was increased in both sugar-supplemented groups vs. control and in glucose- vs. fructose-supplemented rats. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced in both groups. Plasma triglycerides were increased only in the fructose group, together with decreased expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression in the liver. Plasma adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α expression was increased only by glucose supplementation. Insulin signaling in liver and aorta was impaired in both sugar-supplemented groups, but the effect was more pronounced in the fructose group. Fructose supplementation attenuated aortic relaxation response to a nitric oxide (NO) donor, whereas glucose potentiated it. Phenylephrine-induced maximal contractions were reduced in the glucose group, which could be related to increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and subsequent elevated basal NO in the glucose group. In conclusion, despite higher caloric intake in glucose-supplemented rats, fructose caused worse metabolic and vascular responses. This may be because of the elevated adiponectin level and the subsequent enhancement of PPARα and eNOS phosphorylation in glucose-supplemented rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study comparing the effects of glucose and fructose consumption on metabolic factors and aortic function in female rats. Our results show that, although total caloric consumption was higher in glucose-supplemented rats, fructose ingestion had a greater impact in inducing metabolic and aortic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baena M, Sangüesa G, Hutter N, Beltrán JM, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Liquid fructose in Western-diet-fed mice impairs liver insulin signaling and causes cholesterol and triglyceride loading without changing calorie intake and body weight. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:105-115. [PMID: 27883935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Liquid fructose associates with prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Intervention studies suggest that metabolically unfit individuals are more responsive than healthy individuals to liquid fructose. We determined whether mice consuming an obesogenic Western diet were more responsive than chow-fed mice to the alterations induced by liquid fructose supplementation (LFS). METHODS C57BL/6N mice were fed chow or Western diet±ad libitum 15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Food and liquid intake and body weight were monitored. Plasma analytes and liver lipids, histology and the expression of genes related to lipid handling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and insulin signaling were analyzed. RESULTS Western diet increased energy intake, visceral adipose tissue (vWAT), body weight, plasma and liver triglycerides and cholesterol, and inflammatory markers in vWAT vs. chow-fed mice. LFS did not change energy intake, vWAT or body weight. LFS significantly increased plasma and liver triglycerides and cholesterol levels only in Western-diet-fed mice. These changes associated with a potentiation of the increased liver expression of PPARγ and CD36 that was observed in Western-fed mice and related to the increased liver mTOR phosphorylation induced by LFS. Furthermore, LFS in Western-diet-fed mice induced the largest reduction in liver IRS2 protein and a significant decrease in whole-body insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS LFS in mice, in a background of an unhealthy diet that already induces fatty liver visceral fat accretion and obesity, increases liver lipid burden, hinders hepatic insulin signaling and diminishes whole-body insulin sensitivity without changing energy intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Hutter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Beltrán
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baena M, Sangüesa G, González M, Alegret M, Roglans N, Laguna J. Liquid fructose supplementation in western diet-fed C57BL/6N mice causes liver cholesterol loading without changing calorie intake and body weight. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Sangüesa G, Shaligram S, Akther F, Rahimian R, Alegret M, Laguna J. High Fructose Consumption Exacerbates Metabolic Alterations Compared to Glucose in Female Rats. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.944.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, IBUB, and CiberObnBarcelonaSpain
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Farjana Akther
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Marta Alegret
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, IBUB, and CiberObnBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Laguna
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, IBUB, and CiberObnBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akther F, Sangüesa G, Shaligram S, Alegret M, Laguna J, Rahimian R. Consumption of High Fructose and Glucose Impairs Aortic Function in Female Rats. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.782.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of PharmacyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of PharmacyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticChemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of PharmacyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticChemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticChemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of PharmacyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shaligram S, Sangüesa G, Akther F, Alegret M, Laguna J, Rahimian R. Comparison of High Fructose and Glucose Consumption on the Impairment of Mesenteric Arterial Function in Female Rats. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.782.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shaligram
- Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific StocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific StocktonCaliforniaUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Farjana Akther
- Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific StocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERObn, IBUBBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Physiology and PharmacologyThomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific StocktonCaliforniaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baena M, Sangüesa G, Hutter N, Sánchez RM, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Fructose supplementation impairs rat liver autophagy through mTORC activation without inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
22
|
Han X, Shaligram S, Sangüesa G, Anderson L, Rahimian R. Sexual dimorphism in aortic endothelial function of Zucker diabetic fatty rats: possible involvement of superoxide production (1051.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1051.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of PharmacyStocktonCAUnited States
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of PharmacyStocktonCAUnited States
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of PharmacyStocktonCAUnited States
| | - Leigh Anderson
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of DentistrySan FranciscoCAUnited States
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of PharmacyStocktonCAUnited States
| |
Collapse
|