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Yin M, Weil M, Avallone S, Lebrun M, Conejero G, In S, Bohuon P. Impact of cooking and drying operations on colour, curcuminoids and aroma of
Curcuma longa
L. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molika Yin
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro Avignon Université Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
- Institut de Technologie du Cambodge, Food Technology and Nutrition Research Unit Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Mathieu Weil
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro Avignon Université Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F‐34398 Montpellier France
| | - Sylvie Avallone
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro Avignon Université Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
| | - Marc Lebrun
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro Avignon Université Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F‐34398 Montpellier France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Sokneang In
- Institut de Technologie du Cambodge, Food Technology and Nutrition Research Unit Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Philippe Bohuon
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro Avignon Université Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
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Djerrab D, Bertrand B, Breitler JC, Léran S, Dechamp E, Campa C, Barrachina C, Conejero G, Etienne H, Sulpice R. Photoperiod-dependent transcriptional modifications in key metabolic pathways in Coffea arabica. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:302-316. [PMID: 33080620 PMCID: PMC7874067 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod length induces in temperate plants major changes in growth rates, morphology and metabolism with, for example, modifications in the partitioning of photosynthates to avoid starvation at the end of long nights. However, this has never been studied for a tropical perennial species adapted to grow in a natural photoperiod close to 12 h/12 h all year long. We grew Coffea arabica L., an understorey perennial evergreen tropical species in its natural 12 h/12 h and in a short 8 h/16 h photoperiod, and we investigated its responses at the physiological, metabolic and transcriptomic levels. The expression pattern of rhythmic genes, including core clock genes, was affected by changes in photoperiod. Overall, we identified 2859 rhythmic genes, of which 89% were also rhythmic in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Under short-days, plant growth was reduced, and leaves were thinner with lower chlorophyll content. In addition, secondary metabolism was also affected with chlorogenic acid and epicatechin levels decreasing, and in agreement, the genes involved in lignin synthesis were overexpressed and those involved in the flavanol pathway were underexpressed. Our results show that the 8 h/16 h photoperiod induces drastic changes in morphology, metabolites and gene expression, and the responses for gene expression are similar to those observed in the temperate annual A. thaliana species. Short photoperiod induces drastic changes in gene expression, metabolites and leaf structure, some of these responses being similar to those observed in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doâa Djerrab
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Breitler
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Léran
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Eveline Dechamp
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Campa
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IRD, UMR IPME, F-34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Barrachina
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR IPME, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR IPME, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- National University of Ireland, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Robe K, Conejero G, Gao F, Lefebvre-Legendre L, Sylvestre-Gonon E, Rofidal V, Hem S, Rouhier N, Barberon M, Hecker A, Gaymard F, Izquierdo E, Dubos C. Coumarin accumulation and trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana: a complex and dynamic process. New Phytol 2021; 229:2062-2079. [PMID: 33205512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a major micronutrient and is required for plant growth and development. Nongrass species have evolved a reduction-based strategy to solubilize and take up Fe. The secretion of Fe-mobilizing coumarins (e.g. fraxetin, esculetin and sideretin) by plant roots plays an important role in this process. Although the biochemical mechanisms leading to their biosynthesis have been well described, very little is known about their cellular and subcellular localization or their mobility within plant tissues. Spectral imaging was used to monitor, in Arabidopsis thaliana, the in planta localization of Fe-mobilizing coumarins and scopolin. Molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches were also used to investigate the dynamics of coumarin accumulation in roots. These approaches showed that root hairs play a major role in scopoletin secretion, whereas fraxetin and esculetin secretion occurs through all epidermis cells. The findings of this study also showed that the transport of coumarins from the cortex to the rhizosphere relies on the PDR9 transporter under Fe-deficient conditions. Additional experiments support the idea that coumarins move throughout the plant body via the xylem sap and that several plant species can take up coumarins present in the surrounding media. Altogether, the data presented here demonstrate that coumarin storage and accumulation in roots is a highly complex and dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robe
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fei Gao
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Linnka Lefebvre-Legendre
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Valérie Rofidal
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Hem
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Hecker
- INRAE, IAM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Esther Izquierdo
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Gago P, Conejero G, Martínez M, This P, Verdeil J. Comparative Anatomy and Morphology of the Leaves of Grenache Noir and Syrah Grapevine Cultivars. S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2019. [DOI: 10.21548/40-2-3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Talamond P, Conejero G, Verdeil JL, Poëssel JL. Isolation of C-glycosyl Xanthones from Coffea pseudozanguebariae and Their Location. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical composition of leaves from Coffea pseudozanguebariae, a wild caffeine-free coffee species, was determined. Two phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves, separated and characterized. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and were shown to be mangiferin (1) and isomangiferin (2), which were the main polyphenol products. Multiphoton fluorescence imaging was performed to visualize polyphenol distribution in leaf cross sections. Consistent biochemical analysis cell imaging techniques on leaves revealed yellow fluorescence in the epidermis and parenchyma cells corresponding to xanthone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Talamond
- UMR Diversity and Adaptability of Crops, IRD, 911, avenue d'Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Current address: UMR 226 IRD-ISEM, 361, rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- UMR BPMP 5004, UMR DAP 1098, Plate-forme d'Histocytologie et Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- UMR BPMP 5004, UMR DAP 1098, Plate-forme d'Histocytologie et Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Luc Poëssel
- UR 1052, Genetic Improvement of Fruit and Vegetables, Domaine St Maurice, 84143 Montfavet, France
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Talamond P, Conejero G, Verdeil JL, Poëssel JL. Isolation of C-glycosyl xanthones from Coffea pseudozanguebariae and their location. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:1885-1888. [PMID: 22312730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical composition of leaves from Coffea pseudozanguebariae, a wild caffeine-free coffee species, was determined. Two phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves, separated and characterized. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and were shown to be mangiferin (1) and isomangiferin (2), which were the main polyphenol products. Multiphoton fluorescence imaging was performed to visualize polyphenol distribution in leaf cross sections. Consistent biochemical analysis cell imaging techniques on leaves revealed yellow fluorescence in the epidermis and parenchyma cells corresponding to xanthone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Talamond
- UMR Diversity and Adaptability of Crops, IRD, 911, avenue d'Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Cacas JL, Petitot AS, Bernier L, Estevan J, Conejero G, Mongrand S, Fernandez D. Identification and characterization of the Non-race specific Disease Resistance 1 (NDR1) orthologous protein in coffee. BMC Plant Biol 2011; 11:144. [PMID: 22023696 PMCID: PMC3212813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf rust, which is caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix (Pucciniales), is a devastating disease that affects coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Disadvantages that are associated with currently developed phytoprotection approaches have recently led to the search for alternative strategies. These include genetic manipulations that constitutively activate disease resistance signaling pathways. However, molecular actors of such pathways still remain unknown in C. arabica. In this study, we have isolated and characterized the coffee NDR1 gene, whose Arabidopsis ortholog is a well-known master regulator of the hypersensitive response that is dependent on coiled-coil type R-proteins. RESULTS Two highly homologous cDNAs coding for putative NDR1 proteins were identified and cloned from leaves of coffee plants. One of the candidate coding sequences was then expressed in the Arabidopsis knock-out null mutant ndr1-1. Upon a challenge with a specific strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae (DC3000::AvrRpt2), analysis of both macroscopic symptoms and in planta microbial growth showed that the coffee cDNA was able to restore the resistance phenotype in the mutant genetic background. Thus, the cDNA was dubbed CaNDR1a (standing for Coffea arabica Non-race specific Disease Resistance 1a). Finally, biochemical and microscopy data were obtained that strongly suggest the mechanistic conservation of the NDR1-driven function within coffee and Arabidopsis plants. Using a transient expression system, it was indeed shown that the CaNDR1a protein, like its Arabidopsis counterpart, is localized to the plasma membrane, where it is possibly tethered by means of a GPI anchor. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide molecular and genetic evidence for the identification of a novel functional NDR1 homolog in plants. As a key regulator initiating hypersensitive signalling pathways, CaNDR1 gene(s) might be target(s) of choice for manipulating the coffee innate immune system and achieving broad spectrum resistance to pathogens. Given the potential conservation of NDR1-dependent defense mechanisms between Arabidopsis and coffee plants, our work also suggests new ways to isolate the as-yet-unidentified R-gene(s) responsible for resistance to H. vastatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- UMR 186 - IRD/CIRAD/UM2 Résistance des Plantes aux Bio-agresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, CNRS-Université Victor Ségalen, Bordeaux 2, Case 92, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Petitot
- UMR 186 - IRD/CIRAD/UM2 Résistance des Plantes aux Bio-agresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Louis Bernier
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université Laval, Québec (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joan Estevan
- UMR 186 - IRD/CIRAD/UM2 Résistance des Plantes aux Bio-agresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- Plate-forme d'Histocytologie et d'Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes-Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, INRA-CNRS-CIRAD, TA96/02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, CNRS-Université Victor Ségalen, Bordeaux 2, Case 92, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Diana Fernandez
- UMR 186 - IRD/CIRAD/UM2 Résistance des Plantes aux Bio-agresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Gomez C, Conejero G, Torregrosa L, Cheynier V, Terrier N, Ageorges A. In vivo grapevine anthocyanin transport involves vesicle-mediated trafficking and the contribution of anthoMATE transporters and GST. Plant J 2011; 67:960-70. [PMID: 21605207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In cells, anthocyanin pigments are synthesized at the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and are then transported and finally accumulated inside the vacuole. In Vitis vinifera (grapevine), two kinds of molecular actors are putatively associated with the vacuolar sequestration of anthocyanins: a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and two MATE-type transporters, named anthoMATEs. However, the sequence of events by which anthocyanins are imported into the vacuole remains unclear. We used MYBA1 transformed hairy roots as a grapevine model tissue producing anthocyanins, and took advantage of the unique autofluorescence of anthocyanins to study their cellular trafficking. In these tissues, anthocyanins were not only visible in the largest vacuoles, but were also present at higher concentrations in several vesicles of different sizes. In the cell, small vesicles actively moved alongside the tonoplast, suggesting a vesicular trafficking to the vacuole. Subcellular localization assays revealed that anthoMATE transporters were closely related with these small vesicles, whereas GST was localized in the cytoplasm around the nucleus, suggesting an association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, cells in hairy roots expressing anthoMATE antisense did not display small vesicles filled with anthocyanins, whereas in hairy roots expressing GST antisense, anthocyanins were accumulated in vesicles but not in the vacuole. This suggests that in grapevine, anthoMATE transporters and GST are involved in different anthocyanin transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gomez
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Gomez C, Conejero G, Torregrosa L, Cheynier V, Terrier N, Ageorges A. In vivo grapevine anthocyanin transport involves vesicle-mediated trafficking and the contribution of anthoMATE transporters and GST. Plant J 2011. [PMID: 21605207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In cells, anthocyanin pigments are synthesized at the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and are then transported and finally accumulated inside the vacuole. In Vitis vinifera (grapevine), two kinds of molecular actors are putatively associated with the vacuolar sequestration of anthocyanins: a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and two MATE-type transporters, named anthoMATEs. However, the sequence of events by which anthocyanins are imported into the vacuole remains unclear. We used MYBA1 transformed hairy roots as a grapevine model tissue producing anthocyanins, and took advantage of the unique autofluorescence of anthocyanins to study their cellular trafficking. In these tissues, anthocyanins were not only visible in the largest vacuoles, but were also present at higher concentrations in several vesicles of different sizes. In the cell, small vesicles actively moved alongside the tonoplast, suggesting a vesicular trafficking to the vacuole. Subcellular localization assays revealed that anthoMATE transporters were closely related with these small vesicles, whereas GST was localized in the cytoplasm around the nucleus, suggesting an association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, cells in hairy roots expressing anthoMATE antisense did not display small vesicles filled with anthocyanins, whereas in hairy roots expressing GST antisense, anthocyanins were accumulated in vesicles but not in the vacuole. This suggests that in grapevine, anthoMATE transporters and GST are involved in different anthocyanin transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gomez
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Perrine-Walker F, Doumas P, Lucas M, Vaissayre V, Beauchemin NJ, Band LR, Chopard J, Crabos A, Conejero G, Péret B, King JR, Verdeil JL, Hocher V, Franche C, Bennett MJ, Tisa LS, Laplaze L. Auxin carriers localization drives auxin accumulation in plant cells infected by Frankia in Casuarina glauca actinorhizal nodules. Plant Physiol 2010; 154:1372-80. [PMID: 20826704 PMCID: PMC2971613 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.163394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Actinorhizal symbioses are mutualistic interactions between plants and the soil bacteria Frankia that lead to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Little is known about the signaling mechanisms controlling the different steps of the establishment of the symbiosis. The plant hormone auxin has been suggested to play a role. Here we report that auxin accumulates within Frankia-infected cells in actinorhizal nodules of Casuarina glauca. Using a combination of computational modeling and experimental approaches, we establish that this localized auxin accumulation is driven by the cell-specific expression of auxin transporters and by Frankia auxin biosynthesis in planta. Our results indicate that the plant actively restricts auxin accumulation to Frankia-infected cells during the symbiotic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIAPC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France (F.P.-W., P.D., V.V., A.C., B.P., V.H., C.F., L.L.); Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.L., L.R.B., B.P., J.R.K., M.J.B.); Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824–2617 (N.J.B., L.S.T.); UMR DAP, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (J.C.); and Plate-forme d’Histocytologie et d’Imagerie cellulaire Végétale, Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (G.C., J.-L.V.)
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Wuyts N, Palauqui JC, Conejero G, Verdeil JL, Granier C, Massonnet C. High-contrast three-dimensional imaging of the Arabidopsis leaf enables the analysis of cell dimensions in the epidermis and mesophyll. Plant Methods 2010; 6:17. [PMID: 20598116 PMCID: PMC2909956 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the wide spread application of confocal and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy in plant biology, leaf phenotype assessment still relies on two-dimensional imaging with a limited appreciation of the cells' structural context and an inherent inaccuracy of cell measurements. Here, a successful procedure for the three-dimensional imaging and analysis of plant leaves is presented. RESULTS The procedure was developed based on a range of developmental stages, from leaf initiation to senescence, of soil-grown Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Rigorous clearing of tissues, made possible by enhanced leaf permeability to clearing agents, allowed the optical sectioning of the entire leaf thickness by both confocal and multiphoton microscopy. The superior image quality, in resolution and contrast, obtained by the latter technique enabled the three-dimensional visualisation of leaf morphology at the individual cell level, cell segmentation and the construction of structural models. Image analysis macros were developed to measure leaf thickness and tissue proportions, as well as to determine for the epidermis and all layers of mesophyll tissue, cell density, volume, length and width. For mesophyll tissue, the proportion of intercellular spaces and the surface areas of cells were also estimated. The performance of the procedure was demonstrated for the expanding 6th leaf of the Arabidopsis rosette. Furthermore, it was proven to be effective for leaves of another dicotyledon, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which has a very different cellular organisation. CONCLUSIONS The pipeline for the three-dimensional imaging and analysis of plant leaves provides the means to include variables on internal tissues in leaf growth studies and the assessment of leaf phenotypes. It also allows the visualisation and quantification of alterations in leaf structure alongside changes in leaf functioning observed under environmental constraints. Data obtained using this procedure can further be integrated in leaf development and functioning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wuyts
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA-SupAgro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Palauqui
- INRA, Centre de Versailles, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Geneviève Conejero
- Plate-forme d'Histocytologie et d'Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes-Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, INRA-CNRS-CIRAD, TA96/02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- Plate-forme d'Histocytologie et d'Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes-Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, INRA-CNRS-CIRAD, TA96/02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Granier
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA-SupAgro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Massonnet
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA-SupAgro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Wuyts N, Conejero G, Verdeil JL, Massonnet C, Regnard JL, Costes E, Granier C. The volumetric component of individual leaf expansion: Taking into account sub-epidermal tissues in the description of leaf expansion over time. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gutierrez L, Castelain M, Verdeil JL, Conejero G, Van Wuytswinkel O. A possible role of prolyl oligopeptidase during Linum usitatissimum (flax) seed development. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2008; 10:398-402. [PMID: 18426487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of prolyl oligopeptidases (POPs) in the control of several mammalian peptide hormone signalling pathways has been studied extensively in recent years. POPs are ubiquitous enzymes, but little attention has been paid to understanding their function in plants. Using a cDNA-AFLP approach, two flax (Linum usitatissimum) POP ESTs were identified as being specifically expressed in the early stages of flax seed development. This specific expression was confirmed using real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation approaches. Seed expression of Arabidopsis POP genes was measured and showed no specificity. Comparison between results obtained with flax and Arabidopsis is discussed in order to address a hypothetic function for POPs during seed formation. These results provide the first insights into POP gene expression and hypothetical function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gutierrez
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Plantes, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences, Amiens, France.
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Gutierrez L, Conejero G, Castelain M, Guénin S, Verdeil JL, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O. Identification of new gene expression regulators specifically expressed during plant seed maturation. J Exp Bot 2006; 57:1919-32. [PMID: 16606634 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA-AFLP approach on Linum usitatissimum (flax) was used to identify genes specifically expressed during the seed maturation process. Among the 20,000 cDNA-AFLP tags produced, 486 were selected for their seed-specific expression during maturation. When compared with the publicly available databases, half of them presented some significant similarity with known plant sequences. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of the approach as numerous genes previously described as being expressed exclusively in plant seeds were identified in this screen. The focus was on sequences similar to plant regulators involved in the control of gene expression, either at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or post-translational levels. Using a real-time RT-PCR approach, seed-specific expression kinetics were confirmed for 13 of these regulators that were never characterized for being expressed during seed maturation. Among these, a flax gene of the non-LEC1-like HAP3 family and a flax MYB factor were shown to be expressed in specialized tissues of flax embryo using an in situ hybridization approach. By expression kinetic comparison between these flax genes and their Arabidopsis counterparts, it was found that the new HAP3 gene should be related to a ubiquitous seed maturation mechanism, while a new MYB factor appears to be related to a more seed-specific maturation mechanism. These results demonstrate the utility of the flax database in not only identifying new genes expressed during seed maturation but also in being able to highlight the distinction between conserved and non-conserved seed maturation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gutierrez
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Plantes, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences, Amiens, France
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Abirached-Darmency M, Abdel-gawwad MR, Conejero G, Verdeil JL, Thompson R. In situ expression of two storage protein genes in relation to histo-differentiation at mid-embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum seeds. J Exp Bot 2005; 56:2019-28. [PMID: 15983018 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The seed consists of several layers of specialized cell-types that divide and differentiate following a highly regulated programme in time and space. A cytological approach was undertaken in order to study the histo-differentiation at mid-embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula as a model legume, and in Pisum sativum using serial sections of embedded immature seed. Little published information is available about seed development in Medicago species. The observations from this study revealed a number of distinctive features of Medicago seed development and differentiation. Transfer cells, involved in nutrient transfer to the embryo, were clearly identified in the thin-walled parenchyma of the innermost integument. Histological Schiff-naphthol enabled carbohydrate accumulation to be followed in the different seed compartments, and revealed the storage protein bodies. Non-radioactive mRNA in situ hybridization, was carried out using mRNA probes from two highly expressed genes encoding the major vicilin and legumin A storage protein types. The timing of mRNA expression was related to that of the corresponding proteins already identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abirached-Darmency
- INRA-URLEG, Unité de Recherche sur les Légumineuses, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
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Lagarde D, Basset M, Lepetit M, Conejero G, Gaymard F, Astruc S, Grignon C. Tissue-specific expression of Arabidopsis AKT1 gene is consistent with a role in K+ nutrition. Plant J 1996; 9:195-203. [PMID: 8820606 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.09020195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AKT1, a putative inwardly directed K+ channel of Arabidopsis, restores long-term potassium uptake in a yeast mutant defective in K+ absorption. In this paper, the expression pattern of the gene encoding AKT1 is described. Northern blots indicate that AKT1 transcripts are preferentially accumulated in Arabidopsis roots. Owing to the difficulties in producing large quantities of Arabidopsis roots under hydroponic conditions, experiments were undertaken with Brassica napus, a related species. Potassium starvation experiments on B. napus plants show that changes in the K+ status of the organs do not modify AKT1 mRNA accumulation. Western blot analysis of B. napus proteins confirms the presence of AKT1 at the root plasma membrane. Tissue-specific expression directed by the Arabidopsis AKT1 gene promoter was investigated by analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic Arabidopsis containing an AKT1-GUS gene fusion. As determined by fluorimetric and histochemical tests, the AKT1 promoter directs preferential expression in the peripheral cell layers of root mature regions. The discrete activity found in leaves relates to leaf primordia and to small groups of cells, hydathodes, found on toothed margins of the Arabidopsis leaf lamina. These data are discussed with regard to a possible role of AKT1 in K+ nutrition of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lagarde
- Biochimie et Physiologie Vegetales, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA, Montpellier, France
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Basset M, Conejero G, Lepetit M, Fourcroy P, Sentenac H. Organization and expression of the gene coding for the potassium transport system AKT1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 1995; 29:947-958. [PMID: 8555458 DOI: 10.1007/bf00014968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced the genomic clone coding for the potassium transport system AKT1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Southern blot analysis indicated that the gene is present in one copy in the Arabidopsis genome. The coding sequence is interrupted by ten introns. Sequence comparisons of AKT1 polypeptide with the voltage-gated inward rectifying Arabidopsis K+ channel KAT1, and with voltage- or cyclic nucleotide-gated channels from insects and mammals, revealed a highly conserved domain found specifically in both plant polypeptides, and corresponding to about the last 50 amino acids of their C-terminal region. Northern blot analysis of AKT1 expression in Arabidopsis seedlings indicated that AKT1 is preferentially expressed in roots. No transcript was detected in extracts from heterotrophic suspension culture cells. Depleting K+ in the Arabidopsis seedling culture medium for 4 days led to a strong decrease in K+ tissue content (ca. 50%), but did not affect AKT1 transcript level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basset
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Végétales, ENSA-M, INRA, CNRS URA 573, Montpellier, France
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