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Beach M, Nayanathara U, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Such GK. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5505-5616. [PMID: 38626459 PMCID: PMC11086401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Smith S, Rossi Herling B, Zhang C, Beach MA, Teo SLY, Gillies ER, Johnston APR, Such GK. Self-Immolative Polymer Nanoparticles with Precise and Controllable pH-Dependent Degradation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4958-4969. [PMID: 37709729 PMCID: PMC10649787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles have generated significant interest as delivery systems for therapeutic cargo. Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are an interesting category of materials for delivery applications, as the characteristic property of end-to-end depolymerization allows for the disintegration of the delivery system, facilitating a more effective release of the cargo and clearance from the body after use. In this work, nanoparticles based on a pH-responsive polymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(2-diisopropyl)amino ethyl methacrylate) and a self-immolative polymer poly[N,N-(diisopropylamino)ethyl glyoxylamide-r-N,N-(dibutylamino)ethyl glyoxylamide] (P(DPAEGAm-r-DBAEGAm)) were developed. Four particles were synthesized based on P(DPAEGAm-r-DBAEGAm) polymers with varied diisopropylamino to dibutylamino ratios of 4:1, 2:1, 2:3, and 0:1, termed 4:1, 2:1, 2:3, and 0:1 PGAm particles. The pH of particle disassembly was tuned from pH 7.0 to pH 5.0 by adjusting the ratio of diisopropylamino to dibutylamino substituents on the pendant tertiary amine. The P(DPAEGAm-r-DBAEGAm) polymers were observed to depolymerize (60-80%) below the particle disassembly pH after ∼2 h, compared to <10% at pH 7.4 and maintained reasonable stability at pH 7.4 (20-50% depolymerization) after 1 week. While all particles exhibited the ability to load a peptide cargo, only the 4:1 PGAm particles had higher endosomal escape efficiency (∼4%) compared to the 2:3 or 0:1 PGAm particles (<1%). The 4:1 PGAm particle is a promising candidate for further optimization as an intracellular drug delivery system with rapid and precisely controlled degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
A. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bruna Rossi Herling
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Maximilian A. Beach
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Serena L. Y. Teo
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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Cromwell S, Sutio R, Zhang C, Such GK, Lupton DW. Lewis Base Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfur Heterocycles via the C1‐Pyridinium Enolate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206647. [PMID: 35718884 PMCID: PMC9545057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While the addition of C1‐Lewis base enolates to carbonyls and related structures are well established, the related addition to thiocarbonyls compounds are unknown. Herein, we report a reaction cascade in which a C1‐pyridinium enolate undergos addition to dithioesters, trithiocarbonates and xanthates. The reaction provides access to a range of dihydrothiophenes and dihydrothiopyrans (28‐examples). Mechanistic investigations, including isolation of intermediates, electronic correlation, and kinetic isotope effect studies support the viability of an activated acid intermediate giving rise to the C1‐pyridinium enolate which undergoes turnover limiting cyclization. Subsequent formation of a β‐thiolactone regenerates the catalyst with loss of carbon oxysulfide providing the observed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cromwell
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Randy Sutio
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
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4
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Cromwell S, Sutio R, Zhang C, Such GK, Lupton DW. Lewis Base Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfur Heterocycles via the C1‐Pyridinium Enolate.**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy Sutio
- Monash University School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Changhe Zhang
- University of Melbourne School of Chemistry School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Georgina K. Such
- University of Melbourne School of Chemistry School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - David W Lupton
- Monash University School of Chemistry Science RoadClayton 3800 Melbourne AUSTRALIA
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5
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Kermaniyan SS, Chen M, Zhang C, Smith SA, Johnston APR, Such C, Such GK. Understanding the Biological Interactions of pH‐Swellable Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202270015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Gao Y, Choudhari M, Such GK, Ritchie C. Polyoxometalates as chemically and structurally versatile components in self-assembled materials. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2510-2527. [PMID: 35356680 PMCID: PMC8890132 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are anionic molecular metal oxides with expansive diversity in terms of their composition, structure, nuclearity and charge. Within this vast collection of compounds are dominant structural motifs (POM platforms), that are amenable to significant chemical tuning with minimal perturbation of the inorganic oxide molecular structure. Consequently, this enables the systematic investigation of these compounds as inorganic additives within materials whereby structure and charge can be tuned independently i.e. [PW12O40]3- vs. [SiW12O40]4- while also investigating the impact of varying the charge balancing cations on self-assembly. The rich surface chemistry of POMs also supports their functionalisation by organic components to yield so-called inorganic-organic hybrids which will be the key focus of this perspective. We will introduce the modifications possible for each POM platform, as well as discussing the range of nanoparticles, microparticles and surfaces that have been developed using both surfactant and polymer building blocks. We will also illustrate important examples of POM-hybrids alongside their potential utility in applications such as imaging, therapeutic delivery and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Gao
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Manjiri Choudhari
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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7
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Kermaniyan SS, Chen M, Zhang C, Smith SA, Johnston APR, Such C, Such GK. Understanding the Biological Interactions of pH Swellable Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100445. [PMID: 35182032 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
pH responsive nanoparticles have generated significant interest for use as drug delivery systems due to their potential for inducible release at low pH. The pH variation from the blood stream (pH 7.4) to intracellular compartments of cells called endosomes/lysosomes (pH < 5.0) has been of particular interest. However, one of the limitations with nanoparticle delivery systems is the ability to migrate out of these compartments to the cytosol or other organelles, via a process termed endosomal escape. Previous studies have postulated that pH responsive nanoparticles can facilitate endosomal escape through a range of mechanisms including membrane interaction, pH-induced swelling, and the proton-sponge effect. In this study we designed a series of pH swellable nanoparticles (85-100 nm) and investigated their impact on biological interactions, particularly endosomal escape. The particles exhibited tuneable pH-induced swelling (from 120% to 200%) and had good buffering capacity. Cellular association was studied using flow cytometry and endosomal escape was determined using a calcein leakage assay. Interestingly, we found no endosomal escape with all nanoparticle formulations, which suggests there are limitations with both the proton-sponge effect and pH-induced swelling mechanism as the primary methods for inducing endosomal escape. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Kermaniyan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Moore Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel A Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Chris Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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8
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Beach MA, Teo SLY, Chen MZ, Smith SA, Pouton CW, Johnston APR, Such GK. Quantifying the Endosomal Escape of pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Using the Split Luciferase Endosomal Escape Quantification Assay. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:3653-3661. [PMID: 34964593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the delivery of therapeutic cargo such as peptides, proteins, and RNA. However, effective cytosolic delivery of cargo from nanoparticles represents a significant challenge in the design of more efficient drug delivery vehicles. Recently, research has centered on designing nanoparticles with the capacity to escape endosomes by responding to biological stimuli such as changes in pH, which occur when nanoparticles are internalized into the endo-/lysosomal pathway. Current endosomal escape assays rely on indirect measurements and yield little quantitative information, which hinders the design of more efficient drug delivery vehicles. Therefore, we adapted the highly sensitive split luciferase endosomal escape quantification (SLEEQ) assay to better understand nanoparticle-induced endosomal escape. We applied SLEEQ to evaluate the endosomal escape behavior of two pH-responsive nanoparticles: the first with a poly(2-diisopropylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDPAEMA) core and the second with 1:1 ratio of poly(2-diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and PDPAEMA. SLEEQ directly measured the cytosolic delivery and showed that engineering the nanoparticle disassembly pH could improve the endosomal escape efficiency by fivefold. SLEEQ is a versatile assay that can be used for a wide range of nanomaterials and will improve the development of drug delivery vehicles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Beach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Serena L Y Teo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Moore Z Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Georgina K. Such
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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10
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Abstract
Self-immolative polymers have significant potential for applications such as drug or gene delivery. However, to realize this potential, such materials need to be customized to respond to specific variations in biological conditions. In this work, we investigated the design of new star-shaped self-immolative poly(ethyl glyoxylate)s (PEtGs) and their incorporation into responsive nanoparticles. PEtGs are a subclass of stimulus-responsive self-immolative polymers, which can be combined with different stimuli-responsive functionalities. Two different tetrathiol initiators were used for the polymerization in combination with a variety of potential pH-responsive end-caps, yielding a library of star PEtG polymers which were responsive to pH. Characterization of the depolymerization behavior of the polymers showed that the depolymerization rate was controlled by the end caps rather than the architecture of the polymer. A selection of the star polymers were modified with amines to allow introduction of charge-shifting properties. It was shown that pH-responsive nanoparticles could be prepared from these modified polymers and they demonstrated pH-dependent particle disruption. The pH responsiveness of these particles was studied by dynamic light scattering and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Kermaniyan
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel A Smith
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 Victoria, Australia
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11
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Abstract
The use of self-assembled nanoparticles for drug delivery has received significant attention in recent years. However, the dynamic nature of self-assembled polymeric systems means there is a need to develop greater understanding of the inherent stability of these systems. In particular, understanding if these materials remain as discrete nanoparticles, or if there is dynamic exchange of material between particles is critical. Herein, we labelled pH-responsive nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes and then investigated the change in fluorescence when the particles were mixed with unlabelled nanoparticles in order to investigate their potential for polymer rearrangement. Nanoparticles were formed by the nanoprecipitation of pH-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PDEAEMA) as the shell and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-random-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA-r-PDPAEMA) as the core. The core and shell were labelled by incorporating pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFPMA) in core or shell respectively and then coupling with either Sulfo-cyanine5 amine or Cyanine3 amine. Exchange of material between nanoparticles was probed by tracking changes in the self-quenching of fluorescently labelled polymers in the core of the nanoparticles. The fluorescence intensity of the labelled nanoparticles was stable when mixed with unlabelled nanoparticles at physiological pH (pH 7.4), suggesting there is limited migration of polymers between particles in this system. This study provides important insights into the use of non-crosslinked nanoparticles under biologically relevant conditions.
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12
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Nayanathara U, Kermaniyan SS, Such GK. Multicompartment Polymeric Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000298. [PMID: 32686228 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multicompartment polymeric nanocarriers which mimic the compartmentalized architecture of living cells have received considerable research attention in the biomedical field. The advancement of synthetic polymeric chemistry has allowed multicompartment polymeric nanocarriers to be tailored for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, encapsulated catalysis, and artificial cellular mimics. In this review, polymer-based multicompartment nanocarriers (multicompartment micelles, multicompartment polymersomes, and capsosomes) have been discussed. This review focuses on multicompartment systems applied to biomedical applications over the last ten years. The synthetic procedures and structural properties that impact the specific application are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeka Nayanathara
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah S Kermaniyan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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13
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Deirram N, Zhang C, Kermaniyan SS, Johnston APR, Such GK. pH‐Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800917. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeleh Deirram
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Sarah S. Kermaniyan
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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14
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Urbanavicius D, Alvarez T, Such GK, Johnston APR, Mintern JD. The potential of nanoparticle vaccines as a treatment for cancer. Mol Immunol 2019; 98:2-7. [PMID: 29395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A complex and multifaceted relationship exists between cancer and the immune system. Advances in our understanding of this relationship have resulted in significant clinical attention in the possibilities of cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing the immune system's potent and selective destructive capability is a major focus of attempts to treat cancer. Despite significant progress in the field, cancer therapy still remains significantly deficient, with cancer being one of the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in the developed world. It is evident that the design of new treatment regimes is required to exploit cancer immunotherapy. Herein we review the potential for nanotechnology to overcome the challenges that have limited the more widespread implementation of immunotherapy to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Urbanavicius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tara Alvarez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems have significant potential to facilitate the delivery of novel therapeutics, such as proteins, DNA or small molecules. However, there are multiple biological barriers that need to be overcome to deliver the cargo in an active form. These challenges include evading clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, minimising adverse immune responses, targeting specific cells and tissues, and trafficking into the right compartment of the cell. In this account, we will discuss how nanoparticle structure can be tuned to optimise biological interactions and thus improve the ability of nanoparticles to overcome these barriers. The focus of this article will be on controlling cell targeting and trafficking within a cell, e.g. endosomal escape.
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16
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Cupic KI, Rennick JJ, Johnston APR, Such GK. Controlling endosomal escape using nanoparticle composition: current progress and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:215-223. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles offer significant benefits for improving delivery of biological therapeutics such as DNA and proteins, as they allow the cargo to be protected until it is delivered to a target cell. However, there are still challenges with achieving efficient delivery to the optimal cellular region. One significant roadblock is escape of nanoparticles from within the endosomal/lysosomal compartments into the cytosol. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding endosomal escape of polymer nanoparticles. We also discuss the current progress on investigating how nanoparticle structure can control endosomal escape. It is important to understand the fundamental biological processes that govern endosomal escape in order to design more effective therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer I Cupic
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua J Rennick
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Angus PR Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Many emerging therapies rely on the delivery of biological cargo into the cytosol. Nanoparticle delivery systems hold great potential to deliver these therapeutics but are hindered by entrapment and subsequent degradation in acidic compartments of the endo/lysosomal pathway. Engineering polymeric delivery systems that are able to escape the endosome has significant potential to address this issue. However, the development of safe and effective delivery systems that can reliably deliver cargo to the cytosol is still a challenge. Greater understanding of the properties that govern endosomal escape and how it can be quantified is important for the development of more efficient nanoparticle delivery systems. This Topical Review highlights the current understanding of the mechanisms by which nanoparticles escape the endosome, and the emerging techniques to improve the quantification of endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Smith
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
| | - Laura I Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
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18
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Such GK, Johnston APR, Caruso F. Correction: Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7818. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs90110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications’ by Georgina K. Such et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 19–29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K. Such
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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19
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Wong ASM, Czuba E, Chen MZ, Yuen D, Cupic KI, Yang S, Hodgetts RY, Selby LI, Johnston APR, Such GK. pH-Responsive Transferrin-pHlexi Particles Capable of Targeting Cells in Vitro. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:315-320. [PMID: 35650909 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticles to specific cellular receptors has the potential to deliver therapeutic compounds to target sites while minimizing side effects. To this end, we have conjugated a targeting protein, holo-transferrin (holo-Tf), to pH-responsive polymers, poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-ran-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDEAEMA-r-PDPAEMA). These protein-polymer hybrid materials were observed to self-assemble when the pH is increased above the pKa of the polymer. We demonstrate that their response to pH could be tuned depending on the polymer constituent attached to holo-Tf. Importantly, the targeting behavior of these nanoparticles could be maximized by tuning the density of holo-Tf on the nanoparticle surface by the introduction of a (PDEAEMA-r-PDPAEMA)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelene S. M. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Moore Z. Chen
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel Yuen
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kristofer I. Cupic
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shenglin Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca Y. Hodgetts
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura I. Selby
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Drug
Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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20
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Selby LI, Cortez-Jugo CM, Such GK, Johnston APR. Nanoescapology: progress toward understanding the endosomal escape of polymeric nanoparticles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017; 9. [PMID: 28160452 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using nanoparticles to deliver drugs to cells has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases, including HIV, cancer, and diabetes. One of the major challenges facing this field is controlling where the drug is trafficked once the nanoparticle is taken up into the cell. In particular, if drugs remain localized in an endosomal or lysosomal compartment, the therapeutic can be rendered completely ineffective. To ensure the design of more effective delivery systems we must first develop a better understanding of how nanoparticles and their cargo are trafficked inside cells. This needs to be combined with an understanding of what characteristics are required for nanoparticles to achieve endosomal escape, along with methods to detect endosomal escape effectively. This review is focused into three sections: first, an introduction to the mechanisms governing internalization and trafficking in cells, second, a discussion of methods to detect endosomal escape, and finally, recent advances in controlling endosomal escape from polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles, with a focus on engineering materials to promote endosomal escape. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1452. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1452 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina M Cortez-Jugo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Kongkatigumjorn N, Cortez-Jugo C, Czuba E, Wong ASM, Hodgetts RY, Johnston APR, Such GK. Probing Endosomal Escape Using pHlexi Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Adelene S. M. Wong
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Rebecca Y. Hodgetts
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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22
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Selby LI, Kongkatigumjorn N, Such GK, Johnston APR. Flow Cytometry: HD Flow Cytometry: An Improved Way to Quantify Cellular Interactions with Nanoparticles (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2016). Adv Healthc Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201670099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | | | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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23
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Selby LI, Kongkatigumjorn N, Such GK, Johnston APR. HD Flow Cytometry: An Improved Way to Quantify Cellular Interactions with Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2333-8. [PMID: 27377570 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Histogram deconvolution flow cytometry enables improved quantification of nanomaterial-cell interactions. The algorithm identifies the positive cells in highly overlapped populations and calculates the fluorescence intensity of the positive population. This technique performs better than commercially available methods with the additional benefit of visualizing the output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | | | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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24
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Gunawan ST, Kempe K, Bonnard T, Cui J, Alt K, Law LS, Wang X, Westein E, Such GK, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE, Caruso F. Multifunctional Thrombin-Activatable Polymer Capsules for Specific Targeting to Activated Platelets. Adv Mater 2015; 27:5153-7. [PMID: 26239035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Smart poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)-based multifunctional polymer capsules that specifically target glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa on the surface of activated platelets are degraded by the serine protease thrombin and release the urokinase plasminogen activator loaded into the polymer capsules, only in the area of acute thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T Gunawan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV 4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas Bonnard
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Lok S Law
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Erik Westein
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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25
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Wong ASM, Mann SK, Czuba E, Sahut A, Liu H, Suekama TC, Bickerton T, Johnston APR, Such GK. Self-assembling dual component nanoparticles with endosomal escape capability. Soft Matter 2015; 11:2993-3002. [PMID: 25731820 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a novel nanoparticle system with simple and modular one-step assembly, which can respond intelligently to biologically relevant variations in pH. Importantly, these particles also show the ability to induce escape from the endosomal/lysosomal compartments of the cell, which is integral to the design of efficient polymeric delivery systems. The nanoparticles were formed by the nanoprecipitation of pH-responsive poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDEAEMA-b-PEG). Rhodamine B octadecyl ester perchlorate was successfully encapsulated within the hydrophobic core of the nanoparticle upon nanoprecipitation into PBS at pH 8. These particles disassembled when the pH was reduced below 6.8 at 37 °C. Cellular experiments showed the successful uptake of the nanoparticles into the endosomal/lysosomal compartments of 3T3 fibroblast cells. The ability to induce escape from the endosomes was demonstrated by the use of calcein, a membrane-impermeable fluorophore. The modular nature of these particles combined with promising endosomal escape capabilities make these dual component PDEAEMA nanoparticles useful for drug and gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelene S M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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26
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Such GK, Yan Y, Johnston APR, Gunawan ST, Caruso F. Interfacing materials science and biology for drug carrier design. Adv Mater 2015; 27:2278-2297. [PMID: 25728711 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, there has been considerable research interest in the development of polymeric carriers for biomedicine. Such delivery systems have the potential to significantly reduce side effects and increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble therapeutics. The design of carriers has relied on harnessing specific variations in biological conditions, such as pH or redox potential, and more recently, by incorporating specific peptide cleavage sites for enzymatic hydrolysis. Although much progress has been made in this field, the specificity of polymeric carriers is still limited when compared with their biological counterparts. To synthesize the next generation of carriers, it is important to consider the biological rationale for materials design. This requires a detailed understanding of the cellular microenvironments and how these can be harnessed for specific applications. In this review, several important physiological cues in the cellular microenvironments are outlined, with a focus on changes in pH, redox potential, and the types of enzymes present in specific regions. Furthermore, recent studies that use such biologically inspired triggers to design polymeric carriers are highlighted, focusing on applications in the field of therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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27
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Gunawan ST, Kempe K, Such GK, Cui J, Liang K, Richardson JJ, Johnston APR, Caruso F. Tuning Particle Biodegradation through Polymer–Peptide Blend Composition. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4429-38. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T. Gunawan
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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28
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Gunawan ST, Liang K, Such GK, Johnston APR, Leung MKM, Cui J, Caruso F. Engineering enzyme-cleavable hybrid click capsules with a pH-sheddable coating for intracellular degradation. Small 2014; 10:4080-4086. [PMID: 25044500 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of layer-by-layer (LbL) hybrid click capsules that are responsive to biological stimuli is reported. The capsules comprise a pH-sheddable, non cross-linked outer coating that protects enzyme-cleavable inner layers. Upon cellular uptake, the outer coating is released and the capsules are enzymatically degraded. In vitro cell degradation results in rapid capsule degradation (10 min) upon cellular internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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29
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Liang K, Gunawan ST, Richardson JJ, Such GK, Cui J, Caruso F. Endocytic capsule sensors for probing cellular internalization. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1551-4, 1524. [PMID: 24700555 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of polymer capsules with an in-built endocytic pH-coupled fluorescence switch is reported. These capsules display reversible "on/off" fluorescence in response to cellular pH variations. Using this system, the high-throughput quantification between surface-bound and internalized capsules is demonstrated. This system allows a fundamental study of the interaction between nanoengineered materials and biological systems at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Sylvia T. Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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30
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Ng SL, Best JP, Kempe K, Liang K, Johnston APR, Such GK, Caruso F. Fundamental Studies of Hybrid Poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) Films and Capsules. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2784-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500640t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sher Leen Ng
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James P. Best
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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31
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Liang K, Richardson JJ, Ejima H, Such GK, Cui J, Caruso F. Peptide-tunable drug cytotoxicity via one-step assembled polymer nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2398-2402. [PMID: 24375889 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of nanoparticles is developed for the co-delivery of a short cell penetrating peptide and a chemotherapeutic drug to achieve enhanced cytotoxicity. Tunable cytotoxicity is achieved through non-toxic peptide-facilitated gating. The strategy relies on a one-step blending process from polymer building blocks to form monodisperse, PEGylated particles that are sensitive to cellular pH variations. By varying the amount of peptide loading, the chemotherapeutic effects can be enhanced by up to 30-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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32
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Liang K, Such GK, Johnston APR, Zhu Z, Ejima H, Richardson JJ, Cui J, Caruso F. Endocytic pH-triggered degradation of nanoengineered multilayer capsules. Adv Mater 2014; 26:1901-5. [PMID: 24375946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cross-linker free layer-by-layer (LbL) capsules that solely utilize cellular pH variations as a trigger to specifically deconstruct and subsequently release cargo in cells is reported. These capsules demonstrate retention of water-soluble therapeutic molecules as small as 500 Da at extracellular pH. Triggered capsule degradation and release of cargo is observed within 30 min of cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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33
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Cui J, De Rose R, Best JP, Johnston APR, Alcantara S, Liang K, Such GK, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Mechanically tunable, self-adjuvanting nanoengineered polypeptide particles. Adv Mater 2013; 25:3468-3472. [PMID: 23661596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA-loaded polypeptide particles are prepared via templated assembly of mesoporous silica for the delivery of adjuvants. The elasticity and cargo-loading capacity of the obtained particles can be tuned by the amount of cross-linker used to stabilize the polypeptide particles. The use of polypeptide particles as biocarriers provides a promising method for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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34
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Such GK, Gunawan ST, Liang K, Caruso F. Design of degradable click delivery systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:894-902. [PMID: 23649708 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry has had a significant impact in the field of materials science over the last 10 years, as it has enabled the design of new hybrid building blocks, leading to multifunctional and responsive materials. One key application for such materials is in the biomedical field, such as gene or drug delivery. However, to meet the functional requirements of such applications, tailored degradability of these materials under biological conditions is critical. There has been an increasing interest in combining click chemistry techniques with a range of degradable or responsive building blocks as well as investigating new or milder chemistries to design click delivery systems that are capable of physiologically relevant degradation. This Feature Article will cover some of the different approaches to synthesize degradable click delivery systems and their investigation for therapeutic release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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35
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Liang K, Such GK, Zhu Z, Dodds SJ, Johnston APR, Cui J, Ejima H, Caruso F. Engineering cellular degradation of multilayered capsules through controlled cross-linking. ACS Nano 2012; 6:10186-10194. [PMID: 23121317 DOI: 10.1021/nn3039353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile approach for controlling the intracellular degradation of polymer capsules by tailoring the degree of cross-linking in the capsules. Poly(2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate) capsules were assembled by the layer-by-layer technique and covalently stabilized with a redox-responsive bisazide cross-linker using click chemistry. The degree of cross-linking, determined using radiation scintillation counting, was tuned from 65% to 98% by adjusting the amount of cross-linker used to stabilize the polymer films. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy studies showed that the pH responsiveness of the capsules was maintained, regardless of the degree of cross-linking. Atomic force microscopy measurements on planar surfaces revealed that increasing the degree of cross-linking decreased the film roughness (from 8.7 to 1.7 nm), hence forming smoother films; however the film thicknesses were not significantly altered. Cellular studies showed that the rate of intracellular degradation of the capsules could be controlled between 0 and 6 h by altering the degree of cross-linking in the polymer capsules. These studies also demonstrated that the cellular degradation of highly cross-linked capsules (>90%) was significantly retarded compared to degradation in simulated cellular conditions. This suggests that the naturally occurring cellular reducing environment is rapidly depleted, and there is a significant delay before the cells can replenish the reducing environment. The modular and versatile nature of this approach lends itself to application to a wide range of polymer carriers and thus offers significant potential for the design of polymer-based systems for drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Johnston APR, Kamphuis MMJ, Such GK, Scott AM, Nice EC, Heath JK, Caruso F. Targeting cancer cells: controlling the binding and internalization of antibody-functionalized capsules. ACS Nano 2012; 6:6667-74. [PMID: 22872125 DOI: 10.1021/nn3010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanoengineered particles, such as polymersomes, liposomes, and polymer capsules, has the potential to offer significant advances in vaccine and cancer therapy. However, the effectiveness of these carriers has the potential to be greatly improved if they can be specifically delivered to target cells. We describe a general method for functionalizing nanoengineered polymer capsules with antibodies using click chemistry and investigate their interaction with cancer cells in vitro. The binding efficiency to cells was found to be dependent on both the capsule-to-cell ratio and the density of antibody on the capsule surface. In mixed cell populations, more than 90% of target cells bound capsules when the capsule-to-target cell ratio was 1:1. Strikingly, greater than 50% of target cells exhibited capsules on the cell surface even when the target cells were present as less than 0.1% of the total cell population. Imaging flow cytometry was used to quantify the internalization of the capsules, and the target cells were found to internalize capsules efficiently. However, the role of the antibody in this process was determined to enhance accumulation of capsules on the cell surface rather than promote endocytosis. This represents a significant finding, as this is the first study into the role antibodies play in internalization of such capsules. It also opens up the possibility of targeting these capsules to cancer cells using targeting molecules that do not trigger an endocytic pathway. We envisage that this approach will be generally applicable to the specific targeting of a variety of nanoengineered materials to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus P R Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Wang C, Such GK, Widjaya A, Lomas H, Stevens G, Caruso F, Kentish SE. Click poly(ethylene glycol) multilayers on RO membranes: Fouling reduction and membrane characterization. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cui J, Yan Y, Such GK, Liang K, Ochs CJ, Postma A, Caruso F. Immobilization and Intracellular Delivery of an Anticancer Drug Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Capsules. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2225-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300835r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Ochs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Leung MKM, Hagemeyer CE, Johnston APR, Gonzales C, Kamphuis MMJ, Ardipradja K, Such GK, Peter K, Caruso F. Bio-Click Chemistry: Enzymatic Functionalization of PEGylated Capsules for Targeting Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Yan Y, Such GK, Johnston APR, Best JP, Caruso F. Engineering particles for therapeutic delivery: prospects and challenges. ACS Nano 2012; 6:3663-9. [PMID: 22545561 DOI: 10.1021/nn3016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoengineered particles that can facilitate drug formulation and passively target tumors have reached the clinic in recent years. These early successes have driven a new wave of significant innovation in the generation of advanced particles. Recent developments in enabling technologies and chemistries have led to control over key particle properties, including surface functionality, size, shape, and rigidity. Combining these advances with the rapid developments in the discovery of many disease-related characteristics now offers new opportunities for improving particle specificity for targeted therapy. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in particle-based therapeutic delivery and discuss important concepts in particle design and biological barriers for developing the next generation of particles.
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Chen RT, Marchesan S, Evans RA, Styan KE, Such GK, Postma A, McLean KM, Muir BW, Caruso F. Photoinitiated Alkyne–Azide Click and Radical Cross-Linking Reactions for the Patterning of PEG Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:889-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201802w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney T. Chen
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Richard A. Evans
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Katie E. Styan
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Keith M. McLean
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Muir
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria,
3168, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Goh TK, Guntari SN, Ochs CJ, Blencowe A, Mertz D, Connal LA, Such GK, Qiao GG, Caruso F. Nanoengineered films via surface-confined continuous assembly of polymers. Small 2011; 7:2863-2867. [PMID: 21990191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tor Kit Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Liang K, Such GK, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Lomas H, Caruso F. Charge-shifting click capsules with dual-responsive cargo release mechanisms. Adv Mater 2011; 23:H273-7. [PMID: 21826745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lomas H, Johnston APR, Such GK, Zhu Z, Liang K, van Koeverden MP, Alongkornchotikul S, Caruso F. Polymersome-loaded capsules for controlled release of DNA. Small 2011; 7:2109-2119. [PMID: 21726043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a novel drug-delivery carrier for the controlled release of plasmid DNA that comprises layer-by-layer polymer capsules subcompartmentalized with pH-sensitive nanometer-sized polymersomes is reported. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) forms polymersomes at physiological pH, but transitions to unimeric polymer chains upon acidification to cellular endocytic pH. These polymersomes can thus release an encapsulated payload in response to a change in pH from physiological to endocytic conditions. Multicomponent layer-by-layer capsules are formed by exploiting the ability of tannic acid to act as an efficient hydrogen-bond donor for both the polymersomes and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) at physiological pH. These capsules show release of a plasmid DNA payload encapsulated within the polymersome subcompartments in response to changes in pH between physiological and endocytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lomas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL)-engineered particles have recently emerged as a promising class of materials for applications in biomedicine, with studies progressing from in vitro to in vivo. The versatility of LbL assembly coupled with particle templating has led to engineered particles with specific properties (e.g., stimuli-responsive, high cargo encapsulation efficiency, targeting), thus offering new opportunities in targeted and triggered therapeutic release. This Perspective highlights an important development by Poon et al. on tumor targeting in vivo using LbL-engineered nanoparticles containing a pH-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface layer. Further, we summarize recent progress in the application of LbL particles in the fields of drug, gene, and vaccine delivery and cancer imaging. Finally, we explore future directions in this field, focusing on the biological processing of LbL-assembled particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Chen RT, Muir BW, Thomsen L, Tadich A, Cowie BCC, Such GK, Postma A, McLean KM, Caruso F. New Insights into the Substrate–Plasma Polymer Interface. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6495-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney T. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Muir
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anton Tadich
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bruce C. C. Cowie
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Keith M. McLean
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Leung MKM, Such GK, Johnston APR, Biswas DP, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Lutz JF, Caruso F. Assembly and degradation of low-fouling click-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-based multilayer films and capsules. Small 2011; 7:1075-85. [PMID: 21425467 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano-/micrometer-scaled films and capsules made of low-fouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are of interest for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Herein, the assembly and degradation of low-fouling, alkyne-functionalized PEG (PEG(Alk) ) multilayer films and capsules, which are prepared by combining layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and click chemistry, are reported. A nonlinear, temperature-responsive PEG(Alk) is synthesized, and is then used to form hydrogen-bonded multilayers with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) at pH 5. The thermoresponsive behavior of PEG(Alk) is exploited to tailor film buildup by adjusting the assembly conditions. Using alkyne-azide click chemistry, PEG(Alk)/PMA multilayers are crosslinked with a bisazide linker that contains a disulfide bond, rendering these films and capsules redox-responsive. At pH 7, by disrupting the hydrogen bonding between the polymers, PEG(Alk) LbL films and PEG(Alk) -based capsules are obtained. These films exhibit specific deconstruction properties under simulated intracellular reducing conditions, but remain stable at physiological pH, suggesting potential applications in controlled drug release. The low-fouling properties of the PEG films are confirmed by incubation with human serum and a blood clot. Additionally, these capsules showed negligible toxicity to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K M Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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50
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Abstract
Herein we report the preparation of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled, biodegradable, covalently stabilized capsules with tunable degradation properties. Poly(L-glutamic acid) modified with alkyne moieties (PGA(Alk)) was alternately assembled with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPON) on silica particles via hydrogen-bonding. The films were cross-linked with a bis-azide linker, followed by removal of the sacrificial template and PVPON at physiological pH through hydrogen bond disruption, yielding one-component PGA(Alk) capsules. To control the kinetics and location of capsule degradation, a number of approaches were investigated. First, a degradable bis-azide cross-linker was incorporated into the inherently enzymatically degradable capsules. Second, we assembled low-fouling capsules composed of nondegradable poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-ran-propargyl acrylate) (PVPON(Alk)) via hydrogen bonding with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and combined this with the aforementioned system (PGA(Alk)/PVPON) to produce stratified hybrid capsules. The degradation profiles of these stratified capsules can be closely controlled by the number as well as the position of nondegradable barrier layers in the systems. The facile tailoring of the degradation kinetics makes this stratified LbL approach promising for the design of tailored drug-delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ochs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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