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Buemi MR, Di Fiore A, De Luca L, Angeli A, Mancuso F, Ferro S, Monti SM, Buonanno M, Russo E, De Sarro G, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Gitto R. Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:443-452. [PMID: 30530195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the crystal structure of 4-(3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-ylcarbonyl)benzenesulfonamide 3 in complex with hCA II (PDB code 4Z0Q), a novel series of cycloalkylamino-1-carbonylbenzenesulfonamides was designed and synthesized. Thus, we replaced the quinoline ring with an azepine/piperidine/piperazine nucleus and introduced further modifications on cycloalkylamine nucleus by means the installation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalities able to establish additional contacts in the middle area of the enzyme cavity. Among the synthesized compounds, the derivatives 7a, 7b, 8b exhibited a remarkable inhibition for hCA II and the brain-expressed hCA VII in subnanomolar range. The binding of these molecules to the target enzymes was characterized by means of a crystallographic analysis, providing a clear snapshot of the most important interactions established by this class of inhibitors into the hCA II and hCA VII catalytic site. Notably, our results showed that the benzylpiperazine tail of compound 8b is oriented both in hCA II and in hCA VII toward a poorly explored region of the active site. These features should be further investigated for the design of new isoform selective CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Buemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci, Polo didattico SS, Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci, Polo didattico SS, Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci, Polo didattico SS, Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci, Polo didattico SS, Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Pharmacology Chair, Dept. of Science of Health School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta", Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanbattista De Sarro
- Pharmacology Chair, Dept. of Science of Health School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta", Viale Europa - Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci, Polo didattico SS, Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
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Abstract
The prevalence of mania among >65-year-olds ranges from 0.1% to 0.4% and its treatment is a particular challenge for clinicians. Although lithium is the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder (BD), its use in elderly population was recently questioned. This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on the efficacy and tolerability of lithium as a pharmacologic treatment for mania in elderly BD patients. We conducted a systematic review, based on PRISMA guidelines, of articles published between 1970 and August 2016 and indexed in the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Databases and PsycINFO. The key words "age", "late-life", "geriatric", "elderly", and "older" were combined with words indicating pharmacologic treatments, such as lithium and other mood stabilizers and with the diagnostic terms "bipolar disorder" and "mania". Fifteen out of 196 retrieved studies met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated both the efficacy and tolerability of lithium treatment in elderly BD patients; a further three evaluated only the efficacy and five assessed tolerability. Only limited data on the treatment of elderly BD patients are available, but evidence suggests that lithium is effective and tolerated in this subgroup of patients and thus should remain a first-line drug. It seems to be more effective at lower doses and close monitoring of plasma concentrations is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatric Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro
| | - Raffaele Gaetano
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatric Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro
| | - Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatric Unit, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro
| | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia
| | - Giovanbattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Gitto R, De Luca L, Ferro S, Agnello S, Russo E, De Sarro G, Chimirri A. Synthesis and Structure-Active Relationship of 1-Aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Anticonvulsants. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1602-5. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Magna Græcia
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Gitto R, Ferro S, Agnello S, De Luca L, De Sarro G, Russo E, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Chimirri A. Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gitto R, Pagano B, Citraro R, Scicchitano F, De Sarro G, Chimirri A. Solution-phase parallel synthesis and evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of N-substituted-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamides. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:1349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gitto R, Ficarra R, Stancanelli R, Guardo M, De Luca L, Barreca ML, Pagano B, Rotondo A, Bruno G, Russo E, De Sarro G, Chimirri A. Synthesis, resolution, stereochemistry, and molecular modeling of (R)- and (S)-2-acetyl-1-(4′-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline AMPAR antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5417-23. [PMID: 17566746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently we identified (R,S)-2-acetyl-1-(4'-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (6) as a potent non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist able to prevent epileptic seizures. We report here the optimized synthesis of compound 6, its resolution by chiral preparative HPLC, and the absolute configuration of (R)-enantiomer established by X-ray diffractometry. The biological tests of the single enantiomers revealed that higher anticonvulsant and antagonistic effects reside in (R)-enantiomer as also suggested by molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
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Zona C, Cavalcanti S, De Sarro G, Siniscalchi A, Marchetti C, Gaetti C, Costa N, Mercuri N, Bernardi G. Kainate-induced currents in rat cortical neurons in culture are modulated by riluzole. Synapse 2002; 43:244-51. [PMID: 11835519 DOI: 10.1002/syn.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The action of the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant agent riluzole on kainate-induced currents was studied in rat cortical neurons in primary culture by using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Kainate elicited macroscopic, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)-sensitive inward currents in all the patched cells and the amplitude of the current was concentration-dependent (EC50= 106 microM). Riluzole decreased the inward currents induced by 100 microM kainate at all holding potentials and the reduction was dose-dependent (IC50= 101 microM). The maximal response to kainate decreased in the presence of 50 microM riluzole, without changing its EC50, indicating a noncompetitive mechanism of inhibition. The amplitude of the responses induced by kainate under control conditions and during riluzole was a linear function of the membrane potential and the reversal potential of the currents was not significantly different in the two experimental conditions. Instead, the total conductance of the cell membrane for the currents induced by 100 microM kainate was significantly reduced in the presence of 50 microM riluzole (P < 0.05). The analysis of the kainate membrane current noise performed under control conditions and during perfusion of 100 microM riluzole revealed that riluzole reduced the probability of kainate-activated ionic channels to be in the open state. Conversely, the unitary conductance of channels, as well as their characteristic time constant, seemed to be unchanged. These results reveal an additional mechanism by which riluzole can interact with glutamatergic neurotransmission and provides further support for the idea that riluzole may prove beneficial in the treatment of central nervous system injuries involving the excitotoxic actions of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zona
- Fisiologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy.
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