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Nonato DTT, Aragão GF, Craveiro RMCB, Pereira MG, Vasconcelos SMM, Wong DVT, Júnior RCPL, Soares PMG, Lima MADS, Assreuy AMS, Chaves EMC. Polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves protects seizures and oxidative stress in the mice model of pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116212. [PMID: 38364734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides have biological activities in the brain and those obtained from Genipa americana leaves present antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects in the mice model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures. This study aimed to evaluate the polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves (PRE-Ga) in the models of acute seizures and chronic epilepsy (kindling) induced by PTZ. In the acute seizure model, male Swiss mice (25-35 g) received PRE-Ga (1 or 9 mg/kg; intraperitoneal- IP), alone or associated with diazepam (0.01 mg/kg), 30 min before induction of seizures with PTZ (70 mg/kg; IP). In the chronic epilepsy model, seizures were induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg) 30 min after treatment and in alternated days up to 30 days and evaluated by video. Brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum) were assessed for inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Diazepam associated to PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg; i.p.) increased the latency of seizures in acute (222.4 ± 47.57 vs. saline: 62.00 ± 4.709 s) and chronic models (6.267 ± 0.502 vs. saline: 4.067 ± 0.407 s). In hippocampus, PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg) inhibited TNF-α (105.9 ± 5.38 vs. PTZ: 133.5 ± 7.62 pmol/g) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (473.6 ± 60.51) in the chronic model. PTZ increased glial fibrillar acid proteins (GFAP) and Iba-1 in hippocampus, which was reversed by PRE-Ga (GFAP: 1.9 ± 0.23 vs PTZ: 3.1 ± 1.3 and Iba-1: 2.2 ± 0.8 vs PTZ: 3.2 ± 1.4). PRE-Ga presents neuroprotector effect in the mice model of epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole reducing seizures, gliosis, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Gonçalves Pereira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Camelo Chaves
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Jones Severino Vasconcelos QD, Silva Frederico MJ, Sousa Alves RD, Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira TD, Amaral de Moraes ME, Aragão GF. Effects of whey protein supplementation on gut microbiota of Wistar rats with valproic acid-induced autism symptoms. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:213-226. [PMID: 37934065 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation (1.24 mg/g, 24 days) in rats with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) induced by valproic acid (400 mg/kg, single dose). Materials & methods: Wistar rats (14 days old) were divided into four groups: control, ASD, ASD plus WP and WP. Results: WP increased bacterial diversity and the number of colonies. Bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum were predominantly found in the supplemented groups (p < 0.05). WP also improved the animals' memory in the Y-maze test and decreased the time that male animals spent in the 'solitary chamber' (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WP supplementation positively influenced gut microbiota, along with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata de Sousa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Health Science Center, State University of Ceara, 60430-275, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Soares DMB, Araújo DABS, de Souza JLDB, Maurício RB, Soares EMB, Neto FDCA, Pinheiro MSN, Gama VCDV, Braga-Neto P, Nóbrega PR, Aragão GF. Correlation between ABO blood type, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity: A systematic review. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023; 45:483-494. [PMID: 36467112 PMCID: PMC9708632 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the association between the ABO blood type and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. METHODS This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the 2020 PRISMA Checklist and flow diagram, and articles selected for review were analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Rating Scale. The research question was: "Would the ABO blood group influence the risk of infection and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2?", The following databases were used: Embase, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The protocol for this review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), number CRD42021245945. RESULTS We found 798 articles across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Virtual Health Library and 54 articles were included in the final analysis. Among 30 studies evaluating the risk of COVID-19 infection, 21 found significant correlations with ABO blood groups, 14 of them revealing an increased risk in blood group A and 15 studies showing a decreased risk in blood group O. Most studies found no significant correlation with disease severity or mortality. CONCLUSION The qualitative assessment of available information suggests that blood group A may be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and that blood group O may have a protective effect. We were unable to determine a clear association between the ABO blood group and mortality. These conclusions are based on highly heterogenous evidence.
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de Castro Vieira Carneiro CL, Chaves EMC, Neves KRT, Braga MDM, Assreuy AMS, de Moraes MEA, Aragão GF. Behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes caused by glyphosate: Base herbicide in mice offspring. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:488-497. [PMID: 36529538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is a pesticide considered of low toxicity, but scientific evidences show it can be harmful to health. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in mice offspring exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) during the intrauterine period. METHODS Female matrices received glyphosate 0.3 mg/kg daily per oral throughout the gestational period, which was variable between 18 and 22 days. From the 25th until the 28th days post-birth, mice offspring were subjected to behavioral tests, and the prefrontal cortex was processed for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Two significant behavioral changes were observed: anxiety in the GLIF0.3 group, increase in the behavior burying marbles in the marble-burying test and hyperactivity, expressed by the significant increase of the crossing number in the open field test. The increased microglia, TNF-alpha, and astrocyte expression were also observed in the prefrontal cortex of offspring treated with GLIF0.3. CONCLUSION Exposure to GBH during mice intrauterine development induces hyperactive and anxious behavior, evidencing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas (ISCB), State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Vasconcelos QDJS, Bachur TPR, Aragão GF. Reply to "Discussion of 'Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review' - Unsubstantiated claims of adverse effects of whey protein supplementation on human kidney and liver function". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:92-93. [PMID: 33399523 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Faculty of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil.,Health Science Center, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
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Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Abreu GC, Albuquerque AO, Vilar JL, Aragão GF. Systematic review of the ingestion of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of minerals and trace elements versus control groups. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 41:68-76. [PMID: 33487309 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are non-caloric and unconventional sugars that are not metabolized by the human body, but can be fermented by the colonic microbiota, leading to some beneficial effects on the absorption of minerals and trace elements. There is, however, a lack of research that describes the continued consumption of FOS in the diet between healthy and ill individuals and their impact. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence behind the role of FOS in the absorption of minerals and trace elements in the human body. METHODS The bibliographic research covered the period from January 2000 to August 2020. Four databases were investigated. We follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The systematic review protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (139621). Two reviewers examined and extracted data from qualitative and quantitative studies published in the main databases, through a careful analysis. The risk of bias was assessed by four reviewers. RESULTS Of a total of 1494 texts, 30 complete articles composed this review. Two overarching categories represented the results: animal models and human models (randomized crossover design). Regarding human models, the results showed an improvement in minerals, especially the absorption of calcium, magnesium and iron after the ingestion of FOS, and specifically the absorption of minerals and trace elements in postmenopausal women was improved. CONCLUSIONS The use of FOS to improve the absorption of minerals and trace elements seems to be beneficial with evidence corroborating both in human and animal studies. However, the literature lacks articles exploring the daily dose and duration for FOS benefits, as well as long-term side effects in healthy or unhealthy subjects. Future research should focus on addressing the extent of the functional effect of this fiber and identifying the impact on overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Costa
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - G C Abreu
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - A O Albuquerque
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - J L Vilar
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - G F Aragão
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Brazil.
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Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemia is infecting millions of people and some studies relate conditions that might increase the risk of developing a fatal course for the disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In COVID-19 physiopathology, one of the main inflammation mechanisms is the "cytokine storm", causing a pro-inflammatory state, related to cardiac and pulmonary damage. There is also a less effective role of lymphocyte B and T in the humoral immunity due to the reduction of their proliferative response. The physiopathology of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) involves several modifications at the genetic and at the immune level, such as the increase of inflammatory cytokines and abnormal immune response in several levels. We hypothesize that ASD could be a risk-factor as the other conditions are.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Coelho Maia Barros
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Universisade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Vasconcelos QDJS, Bachur TPR, Aragão GF. Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:27-33. [PMID: 32702243 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein comprises soluble whey proteins and its benefits are well described in the literature. However, there are not many studies investigating the potential adverse effect of a diet with indiscriminate use of this supplement. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that addressed this theme. A search was conducted in Medline, LILACS, TOXNET, Web of science, and Scopus electronic databases. In the end, 11 documents comprised this review. The majority of the papers associated the damaging effect with the chronic and abusive use of whey protein, with the kidneys and liver being the main organs affected. The other studies related whey protein to aggravation of aggression, presence of acne, and modification of the microbiota. Therefore, excessive consumption over a long period of protein supplementation may have some adverse effects on the body, which is aggravated when associated with sedentary lifestyle. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020140466. Novelty: A systematic review of experimental and randomized studies about the use of whey proteins supplements and its impact on physical health. Analysis revealed that chronic and without professional guidance use of whey protein supplementation may cause some adverse effects specially on kidney and liver function. Presented data support a need for future studies co-relating the use of different types of whey protein with and without exercise to better see the impact on human physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Faculty of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil.,Health Science Center, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
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Lima MEDS, Bachur TPR, Aragão GF. Guillain-Barre syndrome and its correlation with dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses infection based on a literature review of reported cases in Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105064. [PMID: 31220435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is one of the main neurologic manifestations of arboviruses, especially Zika virus infection. As known, the prevalence of these diseases is high, so the risk of having an increase on GBS is relevant. The study purposes making a comparative survey between the involvement of dengue, Zika and chikungunya infections in the development of the GBS in Brazil, as well as search in literature resemblances and distinctions between beforehand reported cases. It was performed an electronic search in online databases, with articles published between the years of 2004-2018. A total of 729 articles about the proposed search were found, and 10 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The medium age found in Brazilian studies was 429. The time lapse for the neurological symptoms manifest was 6,5-11 days. Facial palsy, paresthesia and member weakness were the main symptoms related. Pediatric cases are rare. There are many studies that implicated the association of GBS and arboviruses and point it to one of the main neurological manifestation of these infections. More research and consistent data are needed to clarify unanswered questions and guide public health measures.
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Aragão GF, Guedes Filho RS, Colares JHF, Feijó JL, Oliveira MLF, Oliveira YIS. Má rotação intestinal na adolescência e suas consequências no diagnóstico tardio: relato de caso. Rev Fac Ciênc Méd Sorocaba 2018. [DOI: 10.23925/1984-4840.2018v20i3a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A má rotação intestinal é uma anomalia congênita de causa desconhecida, sendo vômitos biliosos um dos diagnósticos diferenciais na infância, e em adultos consiste em um difícil diagnóstico. Adolescente de 17 anos iniciou um quadro de dor mesogástrica, de caráter intermitente, com piora pós-prandial. Apresentou dores abdominais intensas, vômitos biliosos, desidratação e desnutrição severa. Foram realizadas endoscopia e seriografia digestiva alta, que sugeriram má rotação intestinal. O paciente foi submetido ao procedimento de Ladd por videolaparoscopia. Durante a cirurgia, foi achado o ceco em hipocôndrio esquerdo, estômago e primeira porção duodenal dilatada por presença de banda de Ladd na segunda porção duodenal. Foi realizado lise das bandas de Ladd, apendicectomia e reposicionamento das alças. Recebeu alta hospitalar após quatro dias. A má rotação intestinal em adultos é de difícil identificação e o procedimento de Ladd por videolaparoscopia é a técnica cirúrgica de escolha para esses pacientes sem complicações agudas.
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Aragão GF, Nonato DTT, Ponta ELD, Sales JR, Alencar DB, Sampaio SS, Camelo Chaves EM, Assreuy AMS. Protective effects of ethanolic extract from the red algae Amansia multifida on experimental inflammation, nociception and seizure experimental models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v38i4.32361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the EEAm effect in mice models of nociception, inflammation and in behavioral tests evaluating the central nervous system. EEAm had inhibitory effects in the following tests: acetic acid-induced writhing (78%); formalin (62% - inflammatory phase); open field (46%). EEAm increased the nociceptive latency (56%) in tail flick test and increased the death-latency by 36% in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model. Moreover, EEAm inhibited paw edema (82%) and peritonitis (45%) induced by carrageenan. In conclusion, EEAm presents antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects involving peripheral and central-acting mechanisms in mice.
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Aragão GF, Carneiro LMV, Rota-Junior AP, Bandeira PN, de Lemos TLG, Viana GSDB. Alterations in brain amino acid metabolism and inhibitory effects on PKC are possibly correlated with anticonvulsant effects of the isomeric mixture of α- and β-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:407-413. [PMID: 25471298 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.923001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT α- and β-Amyrin (AMY) from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) March (Burseraceae) is found in Brazil and used in diverse inflammation-related diseases. This species presents a central action, as previously described. OBJECTIVE The objectives were to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of AMY in mice and to verify the mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seizures were induced by pentylenetetrazole followed by acute or subchronic treatments (5-25 mg/kg, p.o. and i.p.) and determination of brain amino acids (10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p., 7 d). RESULTS In the acute treatment, AMY (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the latency to the first convulsion (FC) by 30, 44, and 40% and time to death (TD) by 36, 52, and 42%, respectively. When administered intraperitoneally, the same doses increased FC by 62, 75, and 73% and TD by 76, 82, and 119%, respectively. Combined with polymixin or staurosporine, AMY (25 mg/kg, i.p.) increased TD by 61 and 63%, respectively, as related to each drug alone. When subchronically administered (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) increased FC by 75 and 101% and TD by 86 and 124%, respectively. AMY increased taurine (116 and 76%) and tyrosine concentrations (135 and 110%) in basal ganglia and hippocampus, respectively, and decreased by 68, 65, and 62% glutamate, aspartate, and GABA in basal ganglia. CONCLUSION Thus, the AMY anticonvulsant activity is related to the GABAergic system and may be linked to the inhibition of the signaling cascade of PKC as well as to alterations in amino acids metabolism.
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Assreuy AMS, Amorim RMF, Brizeno LAC, de Paulo Pereira L, de Sousa AAS, Aragão GF, Pereira MG. Edematogenic activity of a sulfated galactan from the red marine algae Gelidium crinale. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:1194-1198. [PMID: 22881144 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.656942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The red algae Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon (Gelidiaceae), encountered along the Southeast and Northeast Brazilian sea coast, contains a sulfated galactan presenting a similar saccharide backbone compared to λ carrageenan. Inflammatory effects of other galactans were reported, but not for that obtained from G. crinale (SG-Gc). OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vivo edematogenic effect of SG-Gc in comparison to λ carrageenan. METHODS SG-Gc was isolated by ion exchange chromatography. Paw edema was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) intraplantar injection of SG-Gc or λ carrageenan and evaluated by hydroplethysmometry. Data were expressed as the increase in paw volume subtracted from the basal volume or area under curve-AUC. To investigate the participation of early and late-phase inflammatory mediators, rats were treated with pyrilamine, compound 48/80, indomethacin, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or pentoxifylline before SG-Gc. RESULTS SG-Gc edematogenic effect was initiated at 0.5 h, peaked at 2 h (1.26 ± 0.05 mL) and lasted until 6 h (0.21 ± 0.03 mL), whereas the carrageenan-induced edema started at 1 h. The first phase (1-3 h) of SG-Gc-induced edema was 176 ± 15 (AUC) versus carrageenan (114.5 ± 14), whereas the second phase (3-5 h) was 95 ± 12 (AUC) versus carrageenan (117.5 ± 11). Treatment with compound 48/80, pyrilamine, indomethacin, L-NAME, and pentoxifylline inhibited the effect of SG-Gc by 32, 40, 69, 72, and 49%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SG-Gc and λ carrageenan induce different profile of inflammatory response in the paw edema model, that involves histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide (NO), but with different degree of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação-LAFFIN, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
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Aragão GF, Carneiro LMV, Junior APF, Vieira LC, Bandeira PN, Lemos TLG, Viana GSDB. A possible mechanism for anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of alpha- and beta-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 85:827-34. [PMID: 17207523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin (AMY), pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the stem bark resin of Protium heptaphyllum. These effects of AMY were demonstrated by the open-field, elevated-plus-maze, rota rod, forced swimming, and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time tests, in mice. In the open-field test, AMY at the doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, after intraperitoneal or oral administrations, significantly decreased the number of crossings, grooming, and rearing. All these effects were reversed by the pre-treatment with flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), similarly to those observed with diazepam used as a positive standard. In the elevated-plus-maze test, AMY increased the time of permanence and the number of entrances in the open arms. On the contrary, the time of permanence and the number of entrances in the closed arms were decreased. All these effects were also completely reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors. In the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test, AMY at the same doses significantly increased the animals sleeping time duration. In the rota rod test, AMY did not alter motor coordination and, thus, was devoid of effects, as related to controls. Since AMY, at the doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg, showed a sedative effect in the open field test, lower doses (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) were used in the forced swimming test, producing a decrease in the immobility time, similarly to that of imipramine, the positive control. The effect of AMI was greater when it was administered 15 min after imipramine (10 mg/kg). However, the antidepressant AMY effects were not altered by the previous administration of paroxetine, a selective blocker of serotonin uptake. In addition, AMY effects in the forced swimming test were totally blocked by reserpine pretreatment, a drug known to induce depletion of biogenic amines. In conclusion, the present work evidenced sedative and anxiolytic effects of AMY that might involve an action on benzodiazepine-type receptors, and also an antidepressant effect where noradrenergic mechanisms will probably play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Aragão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Fortaleza 60431-970, Brazil
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