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Williams AM, Medda S, Wally MK, Seymour RB, Hysong A, Stanley A, Manzano G, Hsu JR. Suspected gluteal compartment syndrome: Etiology predicts clinical course, outcomes and resource utilization. Trauma Case Rep 2024; 51:101017. [PMID: 38590921 PMCID: PMC11000157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2024.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gluteal Compartment Syndrome (GCS) is a rare subtype of acute compartment syndrome (ACS), complex to diagnose and potentially fatal if left untreated. The incidence of ACS is estimated to be 7.3 per 100,000 in males and 0.7 per 100,000 in females [1-3]. Given its rare occurrence, the incidence of GCS is not well reported. In the case of GCS, the most common etiologies are surgical positioning, prolonged immobilization secondary to substance use or loss of consciousness, and traumatic injury. Clinical findings are pulselessness, pallor, parasthesia, paralysis, and most notably pain out of proportion. Swift diagnosis and treatment are imperative to reduce morbidity and mortality, however the ideal management of GCS is difficult to ascertain given the rare occurrence and variable presentation. Methods Orthopaedic trauma database at a level 1 trauma center was reviewed to identify patients for whom the orthopaedic service was consulted due to suspicion of gluteal compartment syndrome. This yielded 11 patients between 2011 and 2019. Patients with a measured ΔP greater than 30 upon initial consultation and with a concerning exam requiring monitoring were included. Patient demographics, comorbidities, GCS etiology, laboratory values, physical exam findings, pain scores (0-10) and patient outcomes were collected via chart review. Patient demographic and injury characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Prolonged immobilization patients had worse outcomes including longer hospital stays (40.5 days) compared to trauma patients (4.5 days). All adverse medical outcomes recorded including acute renal failure, prolonged neuropathic pain, cardiopulmonary dysfunction were exclusively experienced by prolonged immobilization patients. Conclusions Our descriptive study demonstrates the bimodal distribution of GCS patients based on etiology. Prolonged immobilization patients have a longer hospital course and more complications. Our study confirms prior reports and provides information that can be used to counsel patients and families appropriately about treatment and recovery following GCS. Level of evidence IV. Study type Epidemiological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Williams
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Suman Medda
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Meghan K. Wally
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Rachel B. Seymour
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Alexander Hysong
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Amber Stanley
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Givenchy Manzano
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
| | - Joseph R. Hsu
- 2001 Vail Ave, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
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2
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Medda S, Cuadra M, Yu Z, Manzano G, Spitler C, Matuszewski P, Patch D, Pease T, Chen A, Garrard V, Karunakar M. Does Anterior Plating of Pelvic Ring Fractures Increase Infection Risk in Patients With Bladder or Urethral Injuries? J Orthop Trauma 2024; 38:129-133. [PMID: 38117571 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effect of anterior fixation on infection in patients with operative pelvic fractures and bladder or urethral injuries. METHODS DESIGN Retrospective. SETTING Eight centers. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA Adult patients with closed pelvic fractures with associated bladder or urethral injuries treated with anterior plating (AP), intramedullary screw (IS), or no anterior internal fixation (NAIF, including external fixation or no fixation). OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS Deep infection. RESULTS There were 81 extraperitoneal injuries and 57 urethral injuries. There was no difference in infection between fixation groups across all urologic injuries (AP: 10.8%, IS: 0%, NAIF: 4.9%, P = 0.41). There was a higher rate of infection in the urethral injury group compared with extraperitoneal injuries (14.0% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.016). Among extraperitoneal injuries, specifically, there was no difference in deep infection related to fixation (AP: 2.6%, IS 0%, NAIF: 2.9%, P = 0.99). Among urethral injuries, there was no statistical difference in deep infection related to fixation (AP: 23.1%, IS: 0%, NAIF: 7.4%, P = 0.21). There was a higher rate of suprapubic catheter (SPC) use in urethral injuries compared with extraperitoneal injuries (57.9% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.0001). In the urethral injury group, SPC use did not have a statistically significant difference in infection rate (SPC: 18.2% vs. No SPC: 8.3%, P = 0.45). Early removal of the SPC before or during the definitive orthopaedic intervention did not significantly affect infection rate (early: 0% vs. delayed: 25.0%, P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should approach operative pelvic fractures with associated urologic injuries with caution given the high risk of infection. Further work must be done to elucidate the effect of anterior implants and SPC use and duration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Medda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Mario Cuadra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Ziqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Givenchy Manzano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Clay Spitler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Paul Matuszewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and
| | - David Patch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tyler Pease
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and
| | - Andrew Chen
- UNC Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Victoria Garrard
- UNC Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Madhav Karunakar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC
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Manzano G, Brown C, Harth K, Ochenjele G. Acute Presentation of a Pseudoaneurysm After a Proximal Humerus Shaft Fracture: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2020; 10:e0131. [PMID: 32224663 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.19.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE A 69-year-old woman presented with a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm causing median, ulnar, and radial nerve compressive neuropathies 8 weeks after a proximal humerus shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nailing. She underwent a brachial artery bypass with a reverse cephalic vein interposition graft and neurolysis after decompression of a large pseudoaneurysm. Postoperatively, the patient had a normal vascular examination with recovering neurological function. CONCLUSIONS A high index of suspicion for a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm should be maintained in patients with a displaced proximal humerus shaft fracture, particularly when an abnormal neurovascular examination is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Givenchy Manzano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Corina Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karem Harth
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George Ochenjele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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4
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Barrera A, Alhambra M, Molina M, Rebollo Á, Alcántara M, León S, Moreno P, Muñoz C, Manzano G, Padillo J, Calañas A, Gutiérrez J, Gálvez M. MON-PO368: Nutritional Status and Immunonutrition in Patients Intervened for Total Laringectomy for Cancer. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Zhang Q, Joshi S, Lovett D, Manzano G, Kim H, Liu X. Muscle extracellular matrix degradation and contractibility following tendon rupture and disuse. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.01.2013.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Zhang
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - S.K. Joshi
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, San Francisco, California
| | - D.H. Lovett
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - G. Manzano
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - H.T. Kim
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, San Francisco, California
| | - X. Liu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, San Francisco, California
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Barrera A, Molina M, Rebollo Á, Alcántara M, Manzano G, Padillo J, Calañas A, Moreno P, Alhambra M, Gálvez M. Nutritional status in patients undergoing total laryngectomy because of neoplasia. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Manzano G, Levin RAC, Mayor MB, Schwarzkopf R. Catastrophic Failure of the Acetabular Polyethylene Liner in Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Orthop Case Rep 2016; 4:51-6. [PMID: 27298960 PMCID: PMC4719376 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Catastrophic polyethylene failure is a rare complication of ceramic-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty due to the favorable tribological characteristics of ceramic. Failure of the polyethylene liner can be disastrous, increasing periprosthetic osteolysis, metallosis, and risk of dislocation. Complications associated with ceramic-on-polyethylene articulations have been studied extensively, however, only few reports have described its catastrophic wear. We report such a case of complete wear of the acetabular liner in a ceramic-on-polyethylene prosthesis in a 57-year adult male. Case Report: A 57-year adult male with a history of bilateral total hip arthroplasty presented to our institution with bilateral hip pain worst on the right. Range of motion was limited by pain on the right hip at the extremes of motion. Radiographs revealed severe osteolysis, heterotopic ossification, complete wear of the acetabular liner, bony impingement of the femoral greater trochanter on the acetabular rim and superior migration of the femoral head. All findings were confirmed intraoperatively. Revision of the acetabular components was performed, which successfully alleviated the patient’s symptoms. Conclusion: Failure of the ceramic-on-polyethylene liner in our patient is due to the use of a non-cross linked polyethylene liner, a highly active lifestyle, and poor follow up. Arthroplasty surgeons should be aware of this complication especially in highly active patients with a conventional polyethylene liner and chronic hip pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Givenchy Manzano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center
| | - Rayna A C Levin
- Dartmouth Biomedical Engineering Center, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College
| | - Michael B Mayor
- Dartmouth Biomedical Engineering Center, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College
| | - Ran Schwarzkopf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center
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8
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Quesada A, Sánchez M, Pérez L, Usategui R, Manzano G, Hidalgo C, Martinez O, del Pino J, Montilla C. FRI0440 Progression of Radiographic Axial Damage in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Relation with Clinical and Analytical Factors. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Herrera-Martinez A, Barrera Martín A, Moreno Moreno P, Bahamondes Opazo R, Muñoz Jiménez C, Molina Puerta M, Manzano G, Costán Rodero G, Gálvez Moreno M, Calañas Continente A. MON-PP041: Nutritional Evaluation in Pre-Liver Transplant Patients. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Hansen EN, Manzano G, Kandemir U, Mok JM. Comparison of tissue oxygenation and compartment pressure following tibia fracture. Injury 2013; 44:1076-80. [PMID: 23265784 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the ability of direct continuous measurement of intramuscular tissue oxygenation (PmO(2)) to detect acute ischaemia in the leg in patients at risk for acute extremity compartment syndrome. Following tibia fracture treated by intramedullary nailing, we compared the proportions of PmO(2) and compartment pressure (CP) measurements that met the warning criteria for compartment syndrome. METHODS Participants included 10 patients sustaining acute isolated closed tibia shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing. A tissue oxygenation probe and a CP probe were percutaneously placed into the anterior compartment of the leg. PmO(2) and CP in the anterior compartment were measured in the injured leg for 48 h postoperatively. Measurements meeting the warning criteria were defined as PmO(2) < 10 mmHg, CP > 30 mmHg and perfusion pressure ΔP < 30 mmHg. RESULTS None of the patients developed compartment syndrome. Comparison of CP and PmO(2) showed a CP > 30 mmHg in 50.39% of CP measurements in all patients and a PmO(2) < 10 mmHg in 0.75% of PmO(2) measurements in two patients (P = 0.005). Comparison of ΔP and PmO(2) showed a ΔP < 30 mmHg in 31.01% of ΔP measurements in nine patients and a PmO(2) < 10 mmHg in 0.76% of PmO(2) measurements in one patient (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION In the absence of compartment syndrome, pressure measurements following tibia fracture treated with intramedullary nailing often met the warning criteria, whereas PmO(2) did not, suggesting that measurement of intramuscular tissue oxygenation may represent a potential method for the identification of acute compartment syndrome that deserves continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik N Hansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Since the last update on nerve conduits and allograft in 2000, investigations have established the efficacy of these alternatives to autograft in the repair of small sensory neural gaps. However, limited insights into the biology of the regenerating nerve continue to preclude intelligent conduit design. Ongoing discoveries in neuroscience and biomaterial engineering hold promise for the eventual development of allograft and conduits with potential of surpassing nerve autografts in clinical efficacy. In this review, we summarize the history, recent advances, and emerging developments in nerve conduits and allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, 2226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Zhang Q, Joshi SK, Manzano G, Lovett DH, Kim HT, Liu X. Original article Muscle extracellular matrix degradation and contractibility following tendon rupture and disuse. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2013; 3:35-41. [PMID: 23885343 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2013.3.1.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in maintaining muscular integrity and force transduction. However, the role of ECM in skeletal muscle atrophy remains unknown. In this study, we employed two clinically relevant mouse models of Achillotenotomy and hindlimb suspension to simulate Achilles tendon rupture and hindlimb disuse. The gastrocnemius was harvested following two weeks of treatment. We hypothesized that degradation of muscle ECM basement membrane lead to dysfunction of muscle contractility. Our results demonstrated a significant reduction of gastrocnemius single twitch force, isometric tetanic force, and contraction velocity following tendon rupture (p<0.001), but not disuse. Additionally, up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was observed only after tendon rupture (p=0.00234). These findings suggest that ECM remodeling and basement membrane degradation due to MMP-2 may be responsible for declined muscle contractibility. Inhibiting ECM degradation enzymes may be a potential treatment strategy for skeletal muscle atrophy after tendon rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qia Zhang
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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13
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Piper SL, Laron D, Manzano G, Pattnaik T, Liu X, Kim HT, Feeley BT. A comparison of lidocaine, ropivacaine and dexamethasone toxicity on bovine tenocytes in culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:856-62. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b6.29063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Peri-tendinous injection of local anaesthetic, both alone and in combination with corticosteroids, is commonly performed in the treatment of tendinopathies. Previous studies have shown that local anaesthetics and corticosteroids are chondrotoxic, but their effect on tenocytes remains unknown. We compared the effects of lidocaine and ropivacaine, alone or combined with dexamethasone, on the viability of cultured bovine tenocytes. Tenocytes were exposed to ten different conditions: 1) normal saline; 2) 1% lidocaine; 3) 2% lidocaine; 4) 0.2% ropivacaine; 5) 0.5% ropivacaine; 6) dexamethasone (dex); 7) 1% lidocaine+dex; 8) 2% lidocaine+dex; 9) 0.2% ropivacaine+dex; and 10) 0.5% ropivacaine+dex, for 30 minutes. After a 24-hour recovery period, the viability of the tenocytes was quantified using the CellTiter-Glo viability assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for live/dead cell counts. A 30-minute exposure to lidocaine alone was significantly toxic to the tenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but a 30-minute exposure to ropivacaine or dexamethasone alone was not significantly toxic. Dexamethasone potentiated ropivacaine tenocyte toxicity at higher doses of ropivacaine, but did not potentiate lidocaine tenocyte toxicity. As seen in other cell types, lidocaine has a dose-dependent toxicity to tenocytes but ropivacaine is not significantly toxic. Although dexamethasone alone is not toxic, its combination with 0.5% ropivacaine significantly increased its toxicity to tenocytes. These findings might be relevant to clinical practice and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Piper
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - D. Laron
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - G. Manzano
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - T. Pattnaik
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - X. Liu
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - H. T. Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
| | - B. T. Feeley
- University of California, San Francisco, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MUW
3rd Floor, San Francisco, California
94143, USA
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are the most common tendon injury seen in orthopaedic patients. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration in rotator cuff muscles are considered among the key factors responsible for the failure of attempted repair of a massive rotator cuff tear. However, the pathophysiology of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration remains largely unknown, partly because of the lack of appropriate small animal models. The goal of this study was to develop a mouse model of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after a rotator cuff tear. We also sought to study the role of denervation on muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after a rotator cuff tear. METHODS Adult wild-type FVB/N mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in different groups received unilateral complete supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon transection, suprascapular nerve transection, or both procedures. Sham surgery was performed on the contralateral shoulder to serve as a control. Mice were killed twelve weeks after surgery. Histological analysis and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate muscle atrophy and fat infiltration after a rotator cuff tear. RESULTS Significant and consistent muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration were observed in the rotator cuff muscles after rotator cuff tendon transection. We further found that denervation significantly increases the amount of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after a rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a novel mouse model of a massive rotator cuff tear, which simulates major pathological changes, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after massive rotator cuff tears seen in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Building 2, Room 639, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are the most common tendon injury seen in orthopedic patients. Massive RCT does not heal spontaneously and results in poor clinical outcomes. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration in rotator cuff muscles are major complications of chronic massive RCT and are thought to be the key factors responsible for the failure of attempted massive RCT repair. However, the pathophysiology of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fat infiltration remains largely unknown, and no small animal model has been shown to reproduce the histologic and molecular changes seen in massive RCT. In this article, we report a novel rat massive RCT model, in which significant and consistent muscle atrophy and fat infiltration were observed in the rotator cuff muscles after rotator cuff tendon transection and denervation. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle lost 25.4% and 28.9% of their wet weight 2 weeks after complete tendon transection, respectively. Six weeks after surgery, the average wet weight of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles decreased 13.2% and 28.3%, respectively. Significant fat infiltration was only observed in infraspinatus 6 weeks after tendon transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Hermoso de Mendoza J, Parra A, Tato A, Alonso JM, Rey JM, Peña J, García-Sánchez A, Larrasa J, Teixidó J, Manzano G, Cerrato R, Pereira G, Fernández-Llario P, Hermoso de Mendoza M. Bovine tuberculosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and cattle (Bos taurus) in a Mediterranean ecosystem (1992–2004). Prev Vet Med 2006; 74:239-47. [PMID: 16297475 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 12 years, an increasing frequency in condemnation of hunted red deer and wild boar carcasses due to the presence of tubercle-like lesions has been observed in Extremadura (Western Spain). Before 1993, tuberculosis was a very rare finding in hunted animals. The current tuberculosis regional prevalence in cattle approaches 0.4% after years of expensive test and slaughter campaigns. It is imperative to investigate the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer and wild boar in order to keep a good health status and to maintain the effectiveness of domestic species TB eradication programs. The present paper evaluates the problem in Sierra de San Pedro, estimating the prevalence of TB in wild boar and red deer, the main wild artiodactyls in the area, and domestic cattle since 1992-2004, by the use of a low-cost surveillance method based on detailed pathological inspection of hunted animal carcasses. Microbiology and molecular epidemiology studies on several M. bovis isolates from domestic and wild animals helped to define the interspecies contacts. These findings, as well as recent history of game estates management and descriptive epidemiology field work, throw light on the rise and maintenance of these epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hermoso de Mendoza
- Patología Infecciosa, Departamento de Medicina y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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17
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Abstract
The possibility of a topographic relationship between the spinal cord and the longitudinal axis of a muscle has been explored in two mammalian hamstring muscles: the rat semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF). In both muscles the fibers did not extend the full length of the respective muscle bellies but were arranged in longitudinal arrays. There were two such arrays in BF and three in ST; monopolar recordings revealed that each array had a transverse band of endplates extending across the middle part. By stimulating ventral nerve roots in the lumbosacral outflow, it was found that L5 made the greatest contribution to the innervation of both ST and BF, with lesser inputs coming from adjacent roots. In neither ST or BF was there any evidence of a topographic relationship between the spinal cord and the muscle belly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzano
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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18
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Abstract
A combination of electrophysiological techniques, including stimulus threshold measurements, coaxial needle recordings of voluntary EMG, and evoked response analysis, has been used to show that the motor innervation of the human biceps brachii has an extensive distribution in the long axis of the muscle. Impulse collision experiments, involving either excitation at two sites or the use of stimuli of graded intensity, have demonstrated that the diffuse muscle innervation is partly a consequence of individual muscle fibers having more than one end-plate.
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19
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Abstract
Measurements of impulse conduction velocity were made in biceps brachii muscle fibers of male or female controls and of male body-builders. The technique involved exciting bundles of fibers with stimulating electrodes applied over the surface of the muscle, and recording compound action potentials with three small surface electrodes spaced 3 cm apart. By measuring latencies to the onsets and to the peaks of the negative deflections, it was possible to estimate conduction velocities in the fastest-conducting (FC) and intermediate-conducting (IC) fibers; the observed values ranged from 2.8 to 5.5 m X s-1 in normal men and women. The mean conduction velocity for FC fibers was significantly higher in body-builders than in normal men and women; the mean IC value was significantly lower in women. In all three groups of subjects a decrease in conduction velocity could be demonstrated for FC fibers at the end of 1 min of maximal isometric contraction. In the body-builders, and probably in the other two groups of subjects, the FC fibers are considered to correspond to type II muscle fibers.
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