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Zheng J, Zhang J, Fu X, Lin C, Zhang X, Mei X, Corradi M, Cappellini G, Calabro E, Zhu C, Topole E. Comparison of extrafine beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate dry powder inhaler and pressurized metered-dose inhaler in Chinese patients with asthma: the FORTUNE study. J Asthma 2024; 61:360-367. [PMID: 37878325 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2272816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When selecting inhaled therapies, it is important to consider both the active molecules and the device. Extrafine formulation beclomethasone dipropionate plus formoterol fumarate (BDP/FF) has been available for some years delivered via pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). More recently, a breath-activated, multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (DPI), the NEXThaler, has been approved. The current study aimed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of BDP/FF delivered via the DPI vs. via the pMDI, in Chinese adults with asthma. METHODS After a four-week run-in period, when all patients received BDP/FF pMDI 100/6 µg, two inhalations twice daily (BID), patients were randomized equally to BDP/FF pMDI or DPI, both 100/6 µg, two inhalations BID for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of BDP/FF DPI vs. BDP/FF pMDI in terms of average pre-dose morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) over the entire treatment period. RESULTS Of 252 and 242 patients in the DPI and pMDI groups, respectively, 88.5% and 88.8% completed the study. The primary objective was met, with no statistically significant difference between the treatments in average pre-dose morning PEF, and with the lower limit of the 95% CI above the -15 L/min non-inferiority margin (adjusted mean difference: 5.25 L/min [95% CI: -0.56, 11.06]). Adverse events were reported by 48.4% and 49.6% patients in the DPI and pMDI groups, respectively, most mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS The NEXThaler DPI is a similarly effective device to the pMDI for the administration of BDP/FF in adults, so extending the options available for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zheng
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiuhua Fu
- Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Mei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Calabro
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Cissy Zhu
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Pharmaceutical Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Eva Topole
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
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Zhou TW, Cappellini G, Tusi D, Franchi L, Parravicini J, Repellin C, Greschner S, Inguscio M, Giamarchi T, Filippone M, Catani J, Fallani L. Observation of universal Hall response in strongly interacting Fermions. Science 2023; 381:427-430. [PMID: 37498998 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The Hall effect, which originates from the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields, has deep consequences for the description of materials, extending far beyond condensed matter. Understanding such an effect in interacting systems represents a fundamental challenge, even for small magnetic fields. In this work, we used an atomic quantum simulator in which we tracked the motion of ultracold fermions in two-leg ribbons threaded by artificial magnetic fields. Through controllable quench dynamics, we measured the Hall response for a range of synthetic tunneling and atomic interaction strengths. We unveil a universal interaction-independent behavior above an interaction threshold, in agreement with theoretical analyses. The ability to reach hard-to-compute regimes demonstrates the power of quantum simulation to describe strongly correlated topological states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-W Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - D Tusi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Franchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J Parravicini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Repellin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Greschner
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Inguscio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - T Giamarchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Filippone
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM-L_SIM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Catani
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Fallani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Cardia R, Cappellini G, Valentini M, Pieroni E. A combined molecular dynamics simulation and DFT study on mercapto-benzamide inhibitors for the HIV NCp7 protein. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25547-25554. [PMID: 36254678 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics and quantum simulations are performed to elucidate some aspects of the action mechanism of mercapto-benzamides, a proposed class of antivirals against HIV-1. These molecules act as prodrugs that, after modifications in the biological environment, are able to denature the HIV nucleocapsid protein 7, a metal binder protein, with two zinc finger motifs, vital for RNA maturation and viral replication. Despite their attractive features, these molecules and their biological target are not well understood. Simulations were performed to support a proposed action mechanism, based on the activation of mercapto-benzamides by acetylation, targeting a relatively rare protein hydrolyzed state, followed by trans-molecular acetylation from the molecule to the protein and finally the direct interaction of the molecular sulphur atom of mercapto-benzamides with the zinc atom coordinated by the protein. Our simulation results are in agreement with the NMR data about the zinc finger binding protein equilibrium configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cardia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
- CRS4, Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis Program, 09010, Pula, Italy.
| | - G Cappellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
- ETSF, European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Italy
| | - M Valentini
- CRS4, Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis Program, 09010, Pula, Italy.
| | - E Pieroni
- CRS4, Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis Program, 09010, Pula, Italy.
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Rizzo D, Da Lio D, Bartolini L, Cappellini G, Bruscoli T, Salemi C, Aronadio A, Del Nista D, Pennacchio F, Boersma N, Rossi E, Sacchetti P. Development of Three Molecular Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of the False Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1796-1807. [PMID: 34170317 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three molecular protocols using qPCR TaqMan probe, SYBR Green, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods were set up for the identification of larvae and adults of an African invasive moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The DNA extracts from larval and adult samples of T. leucotreta were perfectly amplified with an average Ct value of 19.47 ± 2.63. All assays were demonstrated to be inclusive for T. leucotreta and exclusive for the nontarget species tested; the absence of false positives for nontarget species showed a 100% of diagnostic specificity and diagnostic sensitivity for all assays. With the SYBR Green protocol, the Cq values were only considered for values less than 22 (cutoff value) to prevent false-positive results caused by the late amplification of nonspecific amplicons. The limit of detection (LoD) for the qPCR probe protocol was equal to 0.02 pg/µl while a value equal to 0.128 pg/µl for the qPCR SYBR Green assay and LAMP method were established, respectively. The intrarun variabilities of reproducibility and repeatability in all the assays evaluated as CV%, ranged between 0.21 and 6.14, and between 0.33 and 9.52, respectively; the LAMP values were slightly higher than other assays, indicating a very low interrun variability. In order for an operator to choose the most desirable method, several parameters were considered and discussed. For future development of these assays, it is possible to hypothesize the setup of a diagnostic kit including all the three methods combined, to empower the test reliability and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rizzo
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole, Pistoia, Italy
| | - D Da Lio
- DAFE, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Bartolini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole, Pistoia, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole, Pistoia, Italy
| | - T Bruscoli
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole, Pistoia, Italy
| | - C Salemi
- DAFE, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Aronadio
- Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, c/o Interporto Toscano 'Amerigo Vespucci', Palazzina 'Colombo', via Delle Colline, Guasticce, Leghorn, Italy
| | - D Del Nista
- Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, c/o Interporto Toscano 'Amerigo Vespucci', Palazzina 'Colombo', via Delle Colline, Guasticce, Leghorn, Italy
| | - F Pennacchio
- CREA - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via Lanciola, Florence, Italy
| | - N Boersma
- Plants & Pathways Directorate, Ministry for Primary Industries, TSB Bank Tower, Lambton Quay, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E Rossi
- DAFE, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Sacchetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano, Florence, Italy
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Cappellini G, Sylos-Labini F, MacLellan MJ, Assenza C, Libernini L, Morelli D, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Locomotor patterns during obstacle avoidance in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:574-590. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00163.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies mainly evaluated the neuromuscular pattern generation in cerebral palsy (CP) during unobstructed gait. Here we characterized impairments in the obstacle task performance associated with a limited adaptation of the task-relevant muscle module timed to the foot lift during obstacle crossing. Impaired task performance in children with CP may reflect basic developmental deficits in the adaptable control of gait when the locomotor task is superimposed with the voluntary movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Cappellini
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Sylos-Labini
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M. J. MacLellan
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - C. Assenza
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Libernini
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Morelli
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Lacquaniti
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-medicine and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Y. Ivanenko
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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6
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Sylos-Labini F, Magnani S, Cappellini G, La Scaleia V, Fabiano A, Picone S, Paolillo P, Di Paolo A, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Corrigendum: Foot Placement Characteristics and Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns during Stepping on Ground in Neonates. Front Physiol 2017; 8:973. [PMID: 29206246 PMCID: PMC5711852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sylos-Labini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - S. Magnani
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Cappellini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - V. La Scaleia
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A. Fabiano
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Di Paolo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Lacquaniti
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Y. Ivanenko
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Y. Ivanenko
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7
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Sylos-Labini F, Magnani S, Cappellini G, La Scaleia V, Fabiano A, Picone S, Paolillo P, Di Paolo A, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Foot Placement Characteristics and Plantar Pressure Distribution Patterns during Stepping on Ground in Neonates. Front Physiol 2017; 8:784. [PMID: 29066982 PMCID: PMC5641324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stepping on ground can be evoked in human neonates, though it is rather irregular and stereotyped heel-to-toe roll-over pattern is lacking. Such investigations can provide insights into the role of contact- or load-related proprioceptive feedback during early development of locomotion. However, the detailed characteristics of foot placements and their association with motor patterns are still incompletely documented. We elicited stepping in 33 neonates supported on a table. Unilateral limb kinematics, bilateral plantar pressure distribution and EMG activity from up to 11 ipsilateral leg muscles were recorded. Foot placement characteristics in neonates showed a wide variation. In ~25% of steps, the swinging foot stepped onto the contralateral foot due to generally small step width. In the remaining steps with separate foot placements, the stance phase could start with forefoot (28%), midfoot (47%), or heel (25%) touchdowns. Despite forefoot or heel initial contacts, the kinematic and loading patterns markedly differed relatively to toe-walking or adult-like two-peaked vertical force profile. Furthermore, while the general stepping parameters (cycle duration, step length, range of motion of proximal joints) were similar, the initial foot contact was consistently associated with specific center-of-pressure excursion, range of motion in the ankle joint, and the center-of-activity of extensor muscles (being shifted by ~5% of cycle toward the end of stance in the "heel" relative to "forefoot" condition). In sum, we found a variety of footfall patterns in conjunction with associated changes in motor patterns. These findings suggest the potential contribution of load-related proprioceptive feedback and/or the expression of variations in the locomotor program already during early manifestations of stepping on ground in human babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylos-Labini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - S Magnani
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - V La Scaleia
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A Fabiano
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Paolo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lacquaniti
- Center of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Y Ivanenko
- Neuromotor Physiology Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Livi LF, Cappellini G, Diem M, Franchi L, Clivati C, Frittelli M, Levi F, Calonico D, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L. Synthetic Dimensions and Spin-Orbit Coupling with an Optical Clock Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:220401. [PMID: 27925719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.220401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel way of synthesizing spin-orbit interactions in ultracold quantum gases, based on a single-photon optical clock transition coupling two long-lived electronic states of two-electron ^{173}Yb atoms. By mapping the electronic states onto effective sites along a synthetic "electronic" dimension, we have engineered fermionic ladders with synthetic magnetic flux in an experimental configuration that has allowed us to achieve uniform fluxes on a lattice with minimal requirements and unprecedented tunability. We have detected the spin-orbit coupling with fiber-link-enhanced clock spectroscopy and directly measured the emergence of chiral edge currents, probing them as a function of the flux. These results open new directions for the investigation of topological states of matter with ultracold atomic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Livi
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Diem
- ILP Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - L Franchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Clivati
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M Frittelli
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - F Levi
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - D Calonico
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - J Catani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Fallani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Pagano G, Mancini M, Cappellini G, Livi L, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L. Strongly Interacting Gas of Two-Electron Fermions at an Orbital Feshbach Resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:265301. [PMID: 26764999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a strongly interacting gas of ultracold two-electron fermions with an orbital degree of freedom and magnetically tunable interactions. This realization has been enabled by the demonstration of a novel kind of Feshbach resonance occurring in the scattering of two (173)Yb atoms in different nuclear and electronic states. The strongly interacting regime at resonance is evidenced by the observation of anisotropic hydrodynamic expansion of the two-orbital Fermi gas. These results pave the way towards the realization of new quantum states of matter with strongly correlated fermions with an orbital degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pagano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Cappellini
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Livi
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Sias
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - J Catani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - L Fallani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Mancini M, Pagano G, Cappellini G, Livi L, Rider M, Catani J, Sias C, Zoller P, Inguscio M, Dalmonte M, Fallani L. Observation of chiral edge states with neutral fermions in synthetic Hall ribbons. Science 2015; 349:1510-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Martino G, Ivanenko YP, d'Avella A, Serrao M, Ranavolo A, Draicchio F, Cappellini G, Casali C, Lacquaniti F. Neuromuscular adjustments of gait associated with unstable conditions. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:2867-82. [PMID: 26378199 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00029.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A compact description of coordinated muscle activity is provided by the factorization of electromyographic (EMG) signals. With the use of this approach, it has consistently been shown that multimuscle activity during human locomotion can be accounted for by four to five modules, each one comprised of a basic pattern timed at a different phase of gait cycle and the weighting coefficients of synergistic muscle activations. These modules are flexible, in so far as the timing of patterns and the amplitude of weightings can change as a function of gait speed and mode. Here we consider the adjustments of the locomotor modules related to unstable walking conditions. We compared three different conditions, i.e., locomotion of healthy subjects on slippery ground (SL) and on narrow beam (NB) and of cerebellar ataxic (CA) patients on normal ground. Motor modules were computed from the EMG signals of 12 muscles of the right lower limb using non-negative matrix factorization. The unstable gait of SL, NB, and CA showed significant changes compared with controls in the stride length, stride width, range of angular motion, and trunk oscillations. In most subjects of all three unstable conditions, >70% of the overall variation of EMG waveforms was accounted for by four modules that were characterized by a widening of muscle activity patterns. This suggests that the nervous system adopts the strategy of prolonging the duration of basic muscle activity patterns to cope with unstable conditions resulting from either slippery ground, reduced support surface, or pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martino
- Centre of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy;
| | - Y P Ivanenko
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A d'Avella
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Serrao
- Rehabilitation Centre Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - A Ranavolo
- Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; and
| | - F Draicchio
- Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; and
| | - G Cappellini
- Centre of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Casali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - F Lacquaniti
- Centre of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Cappellini G, Lombardi P, Mancini M, Pagano G, Pizzocaro M, Fallani L, Catani J. A compact ultranarrow high-power laser system for experiments with 578 nm ytterbium clock transition. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073111. [PMID: 26233360 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the realization of a compact, high-power laser system able to excite the ytterbium clock transition at 578 nm. Starting from an external-cavity laser based on a quantum dot chip at 1156 nm with an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, we were able to obtain up to 60 mW of visible light at 578 nm via frequency doubling. The laser is locked with a 500 kHz bandwidth to an ultra-low-expansion glass cavity stabilized at its zero coefficient of thermal expansion temperature through an original thermal insulation and correction system. This laser allowed the observation of the clock transition in fermionic (173)Yb with a <50 Hz linewidth over 5 min, limited only by a residual frequency drift of some 0.1 Hz/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cappellini
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Lombardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Pagano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Pizzocaro
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - L Fallani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J Catani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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13
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Cappellini G, Mancini M, Pagano G, Lombardi P, Livi L, Siciliani de Cumis M, Cancio P, Pizzocaro M, Calonico D, Levi F, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L. Direct observation of coherent interorbital spin-exchange dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:120402. [PMID: 25279608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first direct observation of fast spin-exchange coherent oscillations between different long-lived electronic orbitals of ultracold 173Yb fermions. We measure, in a model-independent way, the strength of the exchange interaction driving this coherent process. This observation allows us to retrieve important information on the interorbital collisional properties of 173Yb atoms and paves the way to novel quantum simulations of paradigmatic models of two-orbital quantum magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cappellini
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - G Pagano
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - P Lombardi
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - L Livi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - M Siciliani de Cumis
- INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - P Cancio
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - M Pizzocaro
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - D Calonico
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - F Levi
- INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - C Sias
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - J Catani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - L Fallani
- LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy and INO-CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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14
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Pecoraro V, Moja L, Dall'Olmo L, Cappellini G, Garattini S. Most appropriate animal models to study the efficacy of statins: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:848-71. [PMID: 25066257 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal models and clinical trials, statins are reported as effective in reducing cholesterol levels and lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We have aggregated the findings in animal models - mice, rats and rabbits - using the technique of systematic review and meta-analysis to highlight differences in the efficacy of statins. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Medline and Embase. After examining all eligible articles, we extracted results about total cholesterol and other blood parameters, blood pressure, myocardial infarction and survival. Weighted and standard mean difference random effects meta-analysis was used to measure overall efficacy in prespecified species, strains and subgroups. RESULTS We included in systematic review 161 animal studies and we analysed 120 studies, accounting for 2432 animals. Statins lowered the total cholesterol across all species, although with large differences in the effect size: -30% in rabbits, -20% in mice and -10% in rats. The reduction was larger in animals fed on a high-cholesterol diet. Statins reduced infarct volume but did not consistently reduce the blood pressure or effect the overall survival. Few studies considered strains at high risk of cardiovascular diseases or hard outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although statins showed substantial efficacy in animal models, few preclinical data considered conditions mimicking human pathologies for which the drugs are clinically indicated and utilized. The empirical finding that statins are more effective in lowering cholesterol derived from an external source (i.e. diet) conflicts with statin's supposed primary mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pecoraro
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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15
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Cardia R, Malloci G, Mattoni A, Cappellini G. Effects of TIPS-Functionalization and Perhalogenation on the Electronic, Optical, and Transport Properties of Angular and Compact Dibenzochrysene. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5170-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502022t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Cardia
- Università degli studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di
Fisica, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Officina
dei Materiali (CNR - IOM), UOS di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G. Malloci
- Università degli studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di
Fisica, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Officina
dei Materiali (CNR - IOM), UOS di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Mattoni
- Istituto Officina
dei Materiali (CNR - IOM), UOS di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G. Cappellini
- Università degli studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di
Fisica, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Officina
dei Materiali (CNR - IOM), UOS di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, Solopova IA, Grishin AA, Maclellan MJ, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F. Plasticity and modular control of locomotor patterns in neurological disorders with motor deficits. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:123. [PMID: 24032016 PMCID: PMC3768123 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human locomotor movements exhibit considerable variability and are highly complex in terms of both neural activation and biomechanical output. The building blocks with which the central nervous system constructs these motor patterns can be preserved in patients with various sensory-motor disorders. In particular, several studies highlighted a modular burst-like organization of the muscle activity. Here we review and discuss this issue with a particular emphasis on the various examples of adaptation of locomotor patterns in patients (with large fiber neuropathy, amputees, stroke and spinal cord injury). The results highlight plasticity and different solutions to reorganize muscle patterns in both peripheral and central nervous system lesions. The findings are discussed in a general context of compensatory gait mechanisms, spatiotemporal architecture and modularity of the locomotor program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Ivanenko
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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17
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Disertori M, Franzosi MG, Barlera S, Cosmi F, Quintarelli S, Favero C, Cappellini G, Fabbri G, Maggioni AP, Staszewsky L, Moroni LA, Latini R. Thromboembolic event rate in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: data from the GISSI-AF trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:28. [PMID: 23586654 PMCID: PMC3639147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data on the thromboembolic (TE) risk of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are available. This study aimed to assess the incidence of TE events in paroxysmal and persistent AF. METHODS We performed a subset post hoc analysis of 771 patients with paroxysmal and 463 with persistent AF enrolled in the multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled GISSI-AF trial - comparing the efficacy of valsartan versus placebo in preventing AF recurrences - where the choice of antithrombotic treatment was left to the judgment of the referring physician. TE and major outcome events were centrally validated. AF recurrences were detected by frequent clinic visits and a transtelephonic monitoring device with weekly and symptomatic transmissions. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of patients had a history of hypertension, and the 7.7% had heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. The mean CHADS2 score was 1.41±0.84. TE and major bleeding events were observed at a low incidence among the overall population at 1-year follow-up (0.97% and 0.81%, respectively). The univariate and multivariable analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of TE, major bleeding events or mortality in paroxysmal and persistent AF patients. TE events were more common among women than men (p=0.02). The follow-up examination showed under- or overtreatment with warfarin in many patients, according to guideline suggestions. Warfarin was more frequently prescribed to patients with persistent AF (p<0.0001) and patients with AF recurrences (p<0.0001). AF recurrences were noninvasively detected in 632 (51.2%) patients. In patients without AF recurrences, the TE event rate was 0.5% versus 1.74%, 1.28%, and 1.18% for those with only symptomatic, only asymptomatic or both symptomatic and asymptomatic AF recurrences, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant, even after adjusting for warfarin treatment and the CHADS2 score (HR 2.93; CI 95%; 0.8-10.9; p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS TE and major bleeding events showed a very low incidence in the GISSI-AF trial population, despite under- or overtreatment with warfarin in many patients. TE events had a similar rate in paroxysmal and persistent AF. TRIAL REGISTRATION TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00376272.
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18
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Maclellan MJ, Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, Sylos Labini F, Lacquaniti F. Features of hand-foot crawling behavior in human adults. J Neurophysiol 2011; 107:114-25. [PMID: 21975454 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00693.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interlimb coordination of crawling kinematics in humans shares features with other primates and nonprimate quadrupeds, and it has been suggested that this is due to a similar organization of the locomotor pattern generators (CPGs). To extend the previous findings and to further explore the neural control of bipedal vs. quadrupedal locomotion, we used a crawling paradigm in which healthy adults crawled on their hands and feet at different speeds and at different surface inclinations (13°, 27°, and 35°). Ground reaction forces, limb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity from 26 upper and lower limb muscles on the right side of the body were collected. The EMG activity was mapped onto the spinal cord in approximate rostrocaudal locations of the motoneuron pools to characterize the general features of cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord activation. The spatiotemporal pattern of spinal cord activity significantly differed between quadrupedal and bipedal gaits. In addition, participants exhibited a large range of kinematic coordination styles (diagonal vs. lateral patterns), which is in contrast to the stereotypical kinematics of upright bipedal walking, suggesting flexible coupling of cervical and lumbosacral pattern generators. Results showed strikingly dissimilar directional horizontal forces for the arms and legs, considerably retracted average leg orientation, and substantially smaller sacral vs. lumbar motoneuron activity compared with quadrupedal gait in animals. A gradual transition to a more vertical body orientation (increasing the inclination of the treadmill) led to the appearance of more prominent sacral activity (related to activation of ankle plantar flexors), typical of bipedal walking. The findings highlight the reorganization and adaptation of CPG networks involved in the control of quadrupedal human locomotion and a high specialization of the musculoskeletal apparatus to specific gaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Maclellan
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 306 via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Malloci G, Cappellini G, Mulas G, Mattoni A. Electronic and optical properties of families of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A systematic (time-dependent) density functional theory study. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Ivanenko YP, Dominici N, Daprati E, Nico D, Cappellini G, Lacquaniti F. Locomotor body scheme. Hum Mov Sci 2010; 30:341-51. [PMID: 21453667 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of body schema has been introduced and widely discussed in the literature to explain various clinical observations and distortions in the body and space representation. Here we address the role of body schema related information in multi-joint limb motion. The processing of proprioceptive information may differ significantly in static and dynamic conditions since in the latter case the control system may employ specific dynamic rules and constraints. Accordingly, the perception of movement, e.g., estimation of step length and walking distance, may rely on a priori knowledge about intrinsic dynamics of limb segment motion and inherent relationships between gait parameters and body proportions. The findings are discussed in the general framework of space and body movement representation and suggest the existence of a dynamic locomotor body schema used for controlling step length and path estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Ivanenko
- Department of Neuromotor Physiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F. Spatiotemporal organization of alpha-motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:3351-68. [PMID: 18598271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we studied the spatiotemporal organization of motoneuron (MN) activity during different human gaits. We recorded the electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns in 32 ipsilateral limb and trunk muscles from normal subjects while running and walking on a treadmill (3-12 km/h). In addition, we recorded backward walking and skipping, a distinct human gait that comprises the features of both walking and running. We mapped the recorded EMG activity patterns onto the spinal cord in approximate rostrocaudal locations of the MN pools. The activation of MNs tends to occur in bursts and be segregated by spinal segment in a gait-specific manner. In particular, sacral and cervical activation timings were clearly gait-dependent. Swing-related activity constituted an appreciable fraction (> 30%) of the total MN activity of leg muscles. Locomoting at non-preferred speeds (running and walking at 5 and 9 km/h, respectively) showed clear differences relative to preferred speeds. Running at low speeds was characterized by wider sacral activation. Walking at high non-preferred speeds was accompanied by an 'atypical' locus of activation in the upper lumbar spinal cord during late stance and by a drastically increased activation of lumbosacral segments. The latter findings suggest that the optimal speed of gait transitions may be related to an optimal intensity of the total MN activity, in addition to other factors previously described. The results overall support the idea of flexibility and adaptability of spatiotemporal activity in the spinal circuitry with constraints on the temporal functional connectivity of hypothetical pulsatile burst generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Ivanenko
- Department of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute Foundation Santa Lucia, 306 via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Malloci G, Mulas G, Cappellini G, Joblin C. Time-dependent density functional study of the electronic spectra of oligoacenes in the charge states −1, 0, +1, and +2. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Despite distinct differences between walking and running, the two types of human locomotion are likely to be controlled by shared pattern-generating networks. However, the differences between their kinematics and kinetics imply that corresponding muscle activations may also be quite different. We examined the differences between walking and running by recording kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity in 32 ipsilateral limb and trunk muscles during human locomotion, and compared the effects of speed (3-12 km/h) and gait. We found that the timing of muscle activation was accounted for by five basic temporal activation components during running as we previously found for walking. Each component was loaded on similar sets of leg muscles in both gaits but generally on different sets of upper trunk and shoulder muscles. The major difference between walking and running was that one temporal component, occurring during stance, was shifted to an earlier phase in the step cycle during running. These muscle activation differences between gaits did not simply depend on locomotion speed as shown by recordings during each gait over the same range of speeds (5-9 km/h). The results are consistent with an organization of locomotion motor programs having two parts, one that organizes muscle activation during swing and another during stance and the transition to swing. The timing shift between walking and running reflects therefore the difference in the relative duration of the stance phase in the two gaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cappellini
- Department of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute Foundation Santa Lucia, 306 via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy
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24
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Wenzien B, Käckell P, Bechstedt F, Cappellini G. Quasiparticle band structure of silicon carbide polytypes. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:10897-10905. [PMID: 9980188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.10897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Wenzien B, Cappellini G, Bechstedt F. Efficient quasiparticle band-structure calculations for cubic and noncubic crystals. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:14701-14704. [PMID: 9978406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Cappellini G, Reining L, Bechstedt F. Erratum: Model dielectric function for semiconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:11520. [PMID: 10021593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.11520.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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28
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Trillo S, Wabnitz S, Chisari R, Cappellini G. Two-wave mixing in a quadratic nonlinear medium: bifurcations, spatial instabilities, and chaos. Opt Lett 1992; 17:637-639. [PMID: 19794582 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the qualitative dynamics of parametric mixing of two waves in a quadratic nonlinear medium by introducing a reduced phase-plane description. We find the nonlinear frequency-conversion eigenmodes and their bifurcations and instabilities. We discuss applications of this description to the phase dependence of seeded second-harmonic generation, frequency division, and spatial chaos in a medium with periodic mismatch.
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Cappellini G, Trillo S. Bifurcations and three-wave-mixing instabilities in nonlinear propagation in birefringent dispersive media. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:7509-7523. [PMID: 9905891 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
We predict that the third-order parametric mixing of a pump with a pair of orthogonally polarized sidebands in a birefringent single-mode optical fiber may be spatially unstable. The interaction may exhibit both periodic and nonperiodic energy conversion and period doubling. This analysis allows us to propose a new scheme for all-optical switching as well as to predict the most efficient conditions for energy conversion when pump depletion is accounted for.
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Pavlica P, Cappellini G, Veneziano S. [Ulcers of the greater tuberosity of the stomach]. Radiol Med 1978; 64:622-4. [PMID: 740953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Morselli V, Cappellini G. [The effect of pentazocine on pyelo-ureteral activity. A radiological study (author's transl)]. Radiol Med 1978; 64:397-406. [PMID: 704966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following 30 mg pentazocine lactate intravenous in the course of perfusion urography in 20 patients, changes in the amplitude and motor activity of the calicopyelic cavities were noted on a television circuit and spot-films were taken. An early and protracted increase in ureteral peristaltic activity was shown. A number of examples of this are presented.
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Cappellini G, Pavlica P, Stasi G, Viglietta G. Duplication of the renal collecting system with hypoplasia of the upper pole of the kidney. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1977; 18:663-8. [PMID: 605816 DOI: 10.1177/028418517701800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Monti GF, Leggeri A, Cappellini G, Thau A, Maccioni FA. [Recurrences of regional enteritis]. Policlinico Chir 1968; 75:1-47. [PMID: 5739277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Monti GF, Cappellini G, Leggeri A, Thau A. [Considerations on the duodeno-jejunal localization of regional enteritis]. Policlinico Chir 1967; 74:137-56. [PMID: 5606115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Tagliacozzo S, Cappellini G. [Unusual aspects of endobronchial cancer in reference to operative indication]. Arch Tisiol Mal Appar Respir 1966; 21:332-40. [PMID: 5296832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Cappellini G, Tagliacozzo S. [Indications and results of exeresis in the treatment of lung cancer]. Arch Tisiol Mal Appar Respir 1966; 21:307-17. [PMID: 5296830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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