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Averheim A, Simões Dos Reis G, Grimm A, Bergna D, Heponiemi A, Lassi U, Thyrel M. Enhanced biobased carbon materials made from softwood bark via a steam explosion preprocessing step for reactive orange 16 dye adsorption. Bioresour Technol 2024; 400:130698. [PMID: 38615967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The growing textile industry produces large volumes of hazardous wastewater containing dyes, which stresses the need for cheap, efficient adsorbing technologies. This study investigates a novel preprocessing method for producing activated carbons from abundantly available softwood bark. The preprocessing involved a continuous steam explosion preconditioning step, chemical activation with ZnCl2, pyrolysis at 600 and 800 °C, and washing. The activated carbons were subsequently characterized by SEM, XPS, Raman and FTIR prior to evaluation for their effectiveness in adsorbing reactive orange 16 and two synthetic dyehouse effluents. Results showed that the steam-exploded carbon, pyrolyzed at 600 °C, obtained the highest BET specific surface area (1308 m2/g), the best Langmuir maximum adsorption of reactive orange 16 (218 mg g-1) and synthetic dyehouse effluents (>70 % removal) of the tested carbons. Finally, steam explosion preconditioning could open up new and potentially more sustainable process routes for producing functionalized active carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Averheim
- Valmet AB, Fiber Technology Center, SE-851 94 Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alejandro Grimm
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Davide Bergna
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heponiemi
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ulla Lassi
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mikael Thyrel
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
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Jemli S, Vieira Y, Dotto GL, Rossatto DL, Amara FB, Chamtouri F, Bejar S, Ramos CG, Silva LFO, Khan MR, Manoharadas S, Dos Reis GS. Neodymium adsorption from aqueous solution by β-cyclodextrin nanosponges and a polymer valorized from potato peels waste: experiments and conventional and statistical physics interpretations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19974-19985. [PMID: 38368300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Using organic waste and residue streams to be turned into valuable and greener materials for various applications has proven an efficient and suitable strategy. In this work, two green materials (nanosponges and a polymer) were synthesized using potato peels and applied for the first time to adsorb and recover Neodymium (Nd3+) from aqueous solutions. The recovery of Nd3+ that belongs to the rare earth elements has attracted important interest due to its/their importance in several industrial and technological applications. The fine potato peel waste (FPPW) polymer presented an irregular shape and porous surface. At the same time, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanosponges had uniform distribution with regular and smooth shapes. β-CD nanosponges exhibited a much higher total carboxyl content (4.02 mmol g-1) than FPPW (2.50 mmol g-1), which could impact the Nd3+ adsorption performance because carboxyl groups can interact with cations. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of the pH, reaching its maximum at pHs 6-7 for β-CD nanosponges and 4-7 for FPPW polymer. The kinetic and equilibrium data were well-fitted by General order and Liu models. β-CD nanosponges attained adsorption capacity near 100 mg Nd per gram of adsorbent. Thermodynamic and statistical physical results corroborated that the adsorption mechanism was due to electrostatic interaction/complexation and that the carboxyl groups were important in the interactions. β-CD nanosponges (three cycles of use) were more effective than FPPW (one cycle of use) in the regeneration. Finally, β-CD nanosponges could be considered an eco-friendly adsorbent to recover Nd3+ from aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jemli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 3.5, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yasmin Vieira
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Diovani Leindecker Rossatto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fakhreddine Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Farah Chamtouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PO Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Claudete Gindri Ramos
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | | | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umea, Sweden
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Dos Reis GS, Srivastava V, Taleb MFA, Ibrahim MM, Dotto GL, Rossatto DL, Oliveira MLS, Silva LFO, Lassi U. Adsorption of rare earth elements on a magnetic geopolymer derived from rice husk: studies in batch, column, and application in real phosphogypsum leachate sample. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:10417-10429. [PMID: 38200192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing need to develop new strategies for rare earth element (REE) recovery from secondary resources. Herein, a novel approach to utilize biogenic silica (from rice husk) and metakaolin was employed to fabricate magnetic geopolymer (MGP) by incorporating metallic iron. The fabricated MGP adsorbent material was used to uptake Ce3+, La3+, and Nd3+ from synthetic solutions and real phosphogypsum leachate in batch and column modes. The MGP offers a negatively charged surface at pH above 2.7, and the uptake of REEs rises from pH 3 to 6. The kinetic study validated that the kinetics was much faster for Nd3+, followed by La3+ and Ce3+. A thermodynamic investigation validated the exothermic nature of the adsorption process for all selected REEs. The desorption experiment using 2 mol L-1 H2SO4 as the eluent demonstrated approximately 100% desorption of REEs from the adsorbent. After six adsorption-desorption cycles, the MGP maintained a high adsorption performance up to cycle five before suffering a significant decrease in performance in cycle six. The effectiveness of MGP was also assessed for its applicability in recovering numerous REEs (La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Sm3+, and Nd3+) from real leachate from phosphogypsum wastes, and the highest recovery was achieved for Nd3+ (95.03%) followed by Ce3+ (86.33%). The operation was also feasible in the column presenting suitable values of the length of the mass transfer zone. The findings of this investigation indicate that MGP adsorbent prepared via a simple route has the potential for the recovery of REEs from synthetic and real samples in both batch and continuous operations modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Manal F Abou Taleb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Diovani Leindecker Rossatto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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de Farias BS, Rizzi FZ, Ribeiro ES, Diaz PS, Sant'Anna Cadaval Junior TR, Dotto GL, Khan MR, Manoharadas S, de Almeida Pinto LA, Dos Reis GS. Influence of gelatin type on physicochemical properties of electrospun nanofibers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15195. [PMID: 37710008 PMCID: PMC10502060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the fabrication of nanofibers using different types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins. The gelatins exhibited distinct molecular weights and apparent viscosity values, leading to different entanglement behavior and nanofiber production. The electrospinning technique produced nanofibers with diameters from 47 to 274 nm. The electrospinning process induced conformational changes, reducing the overall crystallinity of the gelatin samples. However, porcine gelatin nanofibers exhibited enhanced molecular ordering. These findings highlight the potential of different gelatin types to produce nanofibers with distinct physicochemical properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between gelatin properties, electrospinning process conditions, and the resulting nanofiber characteristics, providing insights for tailored applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Silva de Farias
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca Zuchoski Rizzi
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Silveira Ribeiro
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Diaz
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, 96010-610, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luiz Antonio de Almeida Pinto
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
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Reis GSD, Petnikota S, Subramaniyam CM, de Oliveira HP, Larsson S, Thyrel M, Lassi U, García Alvarado F. Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries: Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:765. [PMID: 36839133 PMCID: PMC9959877 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable, safe, low-cost, high energy and density power-density energy storage devices is most needed to electrify our modern needs to reach a carbon-neutral society by ~2050. Batteries are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for both stationary off-grid and mobile plug-in electric vehicle applications. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable electrode/anode candidates for lithium/sodium-ion chemistries due to their well-developed tailored textures (closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing and therefore opens-up their potential applications in sustainable potassium and aluminum batteries. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon electrodes for potassium and aluminum batteries annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, we presented an outlook as well as some challenges faced in this promising area of research. We believe that this review enlightens the readers with useful insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anodes and cathode candidates for potassium and aluminum batteries, respectively. In addition, this review can further help material scientists to seek out novel electrode materials from different types of biomasses, which opens up new avenues in the fabrication/development of next-generation sustainable and high-energy density batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Biomass Technology Centre, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shaikshavali Petnikota
- Biomass Technology Centre, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekar M. Subramaniyam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira
- Institute of Materials Science, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Avenue Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510-Santo Antônio CEP, Juazeiro 48902-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Larsson
- Biomass Technology Centre, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Thyrel
- Biomass Technology Centre, Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Applied Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Flaviano García Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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de O Salomón YL, Georgin J, Dos Reis GS, Lima ÉC, Oliveira MLS, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Allasia D, Dotto GL. Utilization of Pacara Earpod tree (Enterolobium contortisilquum) and Ironwood (Caesalpinia leiostachya) seeds as low-cost biosorbents for removal of basic fuchsin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33307-33320. [PMID: 32529627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastes from the Pacara Earpod tree (Enterolobium contortisilquum) and Ironwood (Caesalpinia leiostachya) seeds were studied as biosorbents for the removal of basic fuchsin from waters. Both biosorbents were prepared and characterized by different analytical methods. The characterization data showed that both materials were mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Both biosorbents exhibited roughened surfaces and surface functional groups such as C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, C-N, and OH bonds. Furthermore, the XRD pattern shows an amorphous phase with a wide peak from 10 to 30° due to the lignin. In terms of dosage and pH, the use of 1 g L-1 and 9.0, respectively, is recommended. The initial concentrations for the biosorption kinetics ranged from 50 to 500 mg L-1, where the Pacara ear and the Ironwood reached an adsorption capacity of 145.62 and 100.743 mg g-1 for the 500 mg L-1. The pseudo-second-order was found to be the proper model for describing biosorption of basic fuchsin onto Pacara Earpod tree and Ironwood, respectively. For the isotherm experiments, the maximum experimental biosorption capacity was found to be 166.858 and 110.317 mg g-1 for the Pacara Earpod and Ironwood for the initial concentration of 500 mg L-1 at 328 K. The Langmuir and the Tóth models were the best for representing the equilibrium curves for the basic fuchsin on the Pacara Earpod and the Ironwood, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities of 177.084 mg g-1 and 136.526 mg g-1 were achieved for the Pacara Earpod tree and Ironwood, respectively. The biosorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable for both biosorbents. The biosorbents were also applied for coloration removal of simulated textile effluents, reaching 66% and 54% for the Pacara Earpod and Ironwood, respectively. For the final application, the materials were used in fixed-bed biosorption, with an initial concentration of 200 mg L-1, reaching breakthrough times of 710 and 415 min, leading to biosorption capacities of the column of 124.5 and 76.5 mg g-1, for the Pacara Earpod and Ironwood, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamil L de O Salomón
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jordana Georgin
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Graduate Program in Metallurgical, Mine, and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Éder Claudio Lima
- Graduate Program in Metallurgical, Mine, and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla, 080002, Atlántico, Colombia.
- Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil.
| | - Dison S P Franco
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Matias Schadeck Netto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Allasia
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Carijo PM, Dos Reis GS, Lima ÉC, Oliveira MLS, Dotto GL. Functionalization of corn stover with 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane to uptake Reactive Red 141 from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32198-32208. [PMID: 31494847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An alternative and low-cost adsorbent (CS-APTES) was developed by the functionalization corn stover (CS) with 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane (APTES) using a simple method. Several analytical techniques were used to prove the functionalization and then, CS-APTES was employed to adsorb Reactive Red 141 (RR141) dye from aqueous solutions. The functionalization with APTES caused an increase of 15 times in the adsorption capacity. The adsorption of RR141 on CS-APTES was favored at pH 3.0 using a dosage of 3.0 g L-1. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 4 h, being the process thermodynamically favorable, endothermic, and controlled by chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was 15.65 mg g-1. CS-APTES was efficient to treat a colored effluent containing various ions and molecules. The use of 10 g L-1 of CS-APTES was sufficient to decolorize more than 98% of this effluent. It was concluded that CS-APTES can be easily prepared from CS, generating an efficient and low-cost adsorbent which, in turn, is able to treat colored effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mortari Carijo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Éder Cláudio Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
- Faculdade Meridional IMED, 304-, Passo Fundo, RS, 99070-220, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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