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Baker FL, Smith KA, Mylabathula PL, Zúñiga TM, Diak DM, Batatinha H, Niemiro GM, Seckeler MD, Pedlar CR, O'Connor DP, Colombo J, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Exercise-induced β2-adrenergic receptor activation enhances the anti-leukemic activity of expanded γδ T-Cells via DNAM-1 upregulation and PVR/Nectin-2 recognition. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:742987. [PMID: 38592213 PMCID: PMC11090081 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exercise mobilizes cytotoxic lymphocytes to blood which may allow superior cell products to be manufactured for cancer therapy. Gamma-Delta (γδ) T-cells have shown promise for treating solid tumors, but there is a need to increase their potency against hematologic malignancies. Here, we show that human γδ T-cells mobilized to blood in response to just 20-minutes of graded exercise have surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with cytotoxicity, adhesion, migration and cytokine signaling. Following 14-days ex vivo expansion with zoledronic acid and interleukin (IL)-2, exercise mobilized γδ T-cells had surface phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles associated with enhanced effector functions, and demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against multiple hematologic tumors in vitro, and in vivo in leukemia bearing xenogeneic mice. Infusing humans with the β1+β2-agonist isoproterenol and administering β1 or β1+β2 antagonists prior to exercise revealed these effects to be β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) dependent. Antibody blocking of DNAM-1 on expanded γδ T-cells, as well as the DNAM-1 ligands PVR and Nectin-2 on leukemic targets, abolished the enhanced anti-leukemic effects of exercise. These findings provide a mechanistic link between exercise, β2-AR activation, and the manufacture of superior γδ T-cell products for adoptive cell therapy against hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest L. Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kyle A. Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Douglass M. Diak
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Helena Batatinha
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael D. Seckeler
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Charles R. Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamie Colombo
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Sodhi CP, Ahmad R, Fulton WB, Lopez CM, Eke BO, Scheese D, Duess JW, Steinway SN, Raouf Z, Moore H, Tsuboi K, Sampah ME, Jang HS, Buck RH, Hill DR, Niemiro GM, Prindle T, Wang S, Wang M, Jia H, Catazaro J, Lu P, Hackam DJ. Human milk oligosaccharides reduce necrotizing enterocolitis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G23-G41. [PMID: 37120853 PMCID: PMC10259852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00233.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. One of the most devastating complications of NEC is the development of NEC-induced brain injury, which manifests as impaired cognition that persists beyond infancy and which represents a proinflammatory activation of the gut-brain axis. Given that oral administration of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 6'-sialyslactose (6'-SL) significantly reduced intestinal inflammation in mice, we hypothesized that oral administration of these HMOs would reduce NEC-induced brain injury and sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We now show that the administration of either 2'-FL or 6'-SL significantly attenuated NEC-induced brain injury, reversed myelin loss in the corpus callosum and midbrain of newborn mice, and prevented the impaired cognition observed in mice with NEC-induced brain injury. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, 2'-FL or 6'-SL administration resulted in a restoration of the blood-brain barrier in newborn mice and also had a direct anti-inflammatory effect on the brain as revealed through the study of brain organoids. Metabolites of 2'-FL were detected in the infant mouse brain by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whereas intact 2'-FL was not. Strikingly, the beneficial effects of 2'-FL or 6'-SL against NEC-induced brain injury required the release of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as mice lacking BDNF were not protected by these HMOs from the development of NEC-induced brain injury. Taken in aggregate, these findings reveal that the HMOs 2'-FL and 6'-SL interrupt the gut-brain inflammatory axis and reduce the risk of NEC-induced brain injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reveals that the administration of human milk oligosaccharides, which are present in human breast milk, can interfere with the proinflammatory gut-brain axis and prevent neuroinflammation in the setting of necrotizing enterocolitis, a major intestinal disorder seen in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Fulton
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Carla M Lopez
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Benjamin O Eke
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Scheese
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Johannes W Duess
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Steve N Steinway
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zachariah Raouf
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hannah Moore
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Koichi Tsuboi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Maame Efua Sampah
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hee-Seong Jang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachael H Buck
- Nutrition Division, Abbott, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David R Hill
- Nutrition Division, Abbott, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Thomas Prindle
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sanxia Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Menghan Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peng Lu
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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3
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Batatinha H, Diak DM, Niemiro GM, Baker FL, Smith KA, Zúñiga TM, Mylabathula PL, Seckeler MD, Lau B, LaVoy EC, Gustafson MP, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Human lymphocytes mobilized with exercise have an anti-tumor transcriptomic profile and exert enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effects in xenogeneic mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1067369. [PMID: 37077913 PMCID: PMC10109447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1067369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEvery bout of exercise mobilizes and redistributes large numbers of effector lymphocytes with a cytotoxic and tissue migration phenotype. The frequent redistribution of these cells is purported to increase immune surveillance and play a mechanistic role in reducing cancer risk and slowing tumor progression in physically active cancer survivors. Our aim was to provide the first detailed single cell transcriptomic analysis of exercise-mobilized lymphocytes and test their effectiveness as a donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in xenogeneic mice engrafted with human leukemia.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthy volunteers at rest and at the end of an acute bout of cycling exercise. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to identify phenotypic and transcriptomic differences between resting and exercise-mobilized cells using a targeted gene expression panel curated for human immunology. PBMCs were injected into the tail vein of xenogeneic NSG-IL-15 mice and subsequently challenged with a luciferase tagged chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562). Tumor growth (bioluminescence) and xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) were monitored bi-weekly for 40-days.ResultsExercise preferentially mobilized NK-cell, CD8+ T-cell and monocyte subtypes with a differentiated and effector phenotype, without significantly mobilizing CD4+ regulatory T-cells. Mobilized effector lymphocytes, particularly effector-memory CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells, displayed differentially expressed genes and enriched gene sets associated with anti-tumor activity, including cytotoxicity, migration/chemotaxis, antigen binding, cytokine responsiveness and alloreactivity (e.g. graft-versus-host/leukemia). Mice receiving exercise-mobilized PBMCs had lower tumor burden and higher overall survival (4.14E+08 photons/s and 47%, respectively) at day 40 compared to mice receiving resting PBMCs (12.1E+08 photons/s and 22%, respectively) from the same donors (p<0.05). Human immune cell engraftment was similar for resting and exercise-mobilized DLI. However, when compared to non-tumor bearing mice, K562 increased the expansion of NK-cell and CD3+/CD4-/CD8- T-cells in mice receiving exercise-mobilized but not resting lymphocytes, 1-2 weeks after DLI. No differences in GvHD or GvHD-free survival was observed between groups either with or without K562 challenge.ConclusionExercise in humans mobilizes effector lymphocytes with an anti-tumor transcriptomic profile and their use as DLI extends survival and enhances the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect without exacerbating GvHD in human leukemia bearing xenogeneic mice. Exercise may serve as an effective and economical adjuvant to increase the GvL effects of allogeneic cell therapies without intensifying GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Batatinha
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Douglass M. Diak
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Forrest L. Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kyle A. Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Preteesh L. Mylabathula
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael D. Seckeler
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Branden Lau
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael P. Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard J. Simpson,
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4
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Niemiro GM, Coletta AM, Agha NH, Mylabathula PL, Baker FL, Brewster AM, Bevers TB, Fuentes-Mattei E, Basen-Engquist K, Katsanis E, Gilchrist SC, Simpson RJ. Correction: Salutary effects of moderate but not high intensity aerobic exercise training on the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in older women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35676680 PMCID: PMC9175449 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Collao N, Akohene-Mensah P, Nallabelli J, Binet ER, Askarian A, Lloyd J, Niemiro GM, Beals JW, van Vliet S, Rajgara R, Saleh A, Wiper-Bergeron N, Paluska SA, Burd NA, De Lisio M. The Role of L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (Slc7a5) During In Vitro Myogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C595-C605. [PMID: 35848618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are required for muscle regeneration, remodeling, and repair through their activation, proliferation, and differentiation; however, how dietary factors regulate this process remains poorly understood. The L-Type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) transports amino acids, such as leucine, into mature myofibers, which then stimulates protein synthesis and anabolic signaling. However, whether LAT1 is expressed on myoblasts and is involved in regulating myogenesis is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and functional relevance of LAT1 during different stages of myogenesis and in response to growth and atrophic conditions in vitro. We determined that LAT1 is expressed by C2C12 and human primary myoblasts, and its gene expression is lower during differentiation (p<0.05). Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of LAT1 impaired myoblast viability, differentiation, and fusion (all p<0.05). LAT1 protein content in C2C12 myoblasts was not significantly altered in response to different leucine concentrations in cell culture media or in two in vitro atrophy models. However, LAT1 content was decreased in myotubes under atrophic conditions in vitro (p<0.05). These findings indicate that LAT1 is stable throughout myogenesis and in response to several in vitro conditions that induce muscle remodeling. Further, amino acid transport through LAT1 is required for normal myogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julian Nallabelli
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Emileigh R Binet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Askarian
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Lloyd
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph W Beals
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rashida Rajgara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aisha Saleh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Mylabathula PL, Diak DM, Baker FL, Niemiro GM, Markofski MM, Crucian BE, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. IL-2 and Zoledronic Acid Therapy Restores the In Vivo Anti-Leukemic Activity of Human Lymphocytes Pre-Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27:215. [PMID: 35866402 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2707215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that the anti-tumor activity of human lymphocytes is diminished in vitro after 12-hours pre-exposure to simulated microgravity (SMG). Here we used an immunocompromised mouse model to determine if this loss of function would extend in vivo, and to also test the efficacy of IL-2 and zoledronic acid (ZOL) therapy as a potential countermeasure against SMG-induced immune dysfunction. We adoptively transferred human lymphocytes that were exposed to either SMG or 1G-control into NSG-Tg (Hu-IL15) mice 1-week after they were injected with a luciferase-tagged human chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) cell line. Tumor growth was monitored 2x weekly with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for up to 6-weeks. RESULTS Mice that received lymphocytes exposed to SMG showed greater tumor burden compared to those receiving lymphocytes exposed to 1G (week 6 BLI: 1.8e10 ± 8.07e9 versus 2.22e8 ± 1.39e8 photons/second; p < 0.0001). Peak BLI was also higher in the SMG group compared to 1G-control (2.34e10 ± 1.23e10 versus 3.75e8 ± 1.56e8 photons/second; p = 0.0062). Exposure to SMG did not affect the ability of human lymphocytes to engraft or evoke xeno-graft-versus-host disease in the mice. Additionally, we injected the mice with IL-2 and zoledronic acid (ZOL) to expand and activate the anti-tumor activity of NK cells and γ δ-T cells, respectively. This treatment was found to revive the loss of anti-leukemic function observed in vivo when lymphocytes were pre-exposed to SMG. CONCLUSIONS Microgravity plays a contributory role in loss of tumor control in vivo. Immuno-stimulating agents like ZOL+IL-2 may offer an important countermeasure for immune dysregulation during prolonged spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preteesh L Mylabathula
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Douglass M Diak
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Forrest L Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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7
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Niemiro GM, Coletta AM, Agha NH, Mylabathula PL, Baker FL, Brewster AM, Bevers TB, Fuentes-Mattei E, Basen-Engquist K, Katsanis E, Gilchrist SC, Simpson RJ. Salutary effects of moderate but not high intensity aerobic exercise training on the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in older women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35321743 PMCID: PMC8941789 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunosenescence is described as age-associated changes within the immune system that are responsible for decreased immunity and increased cancer risk. Physically active individuals have fewer ‘senescent’ and more naïve T-cells compared to their sedentary counterparts, but it is not known if exercise training can rejuvenate ‘older looking’ T-cell profiles. We determined the effects of 12-weeks supervised exercise training on the frequency of T-cell subtypes in peripheral blood and their relationships with circulating levels of the muscle-derived cytokines (i.e. ‘myokines’) IL-6, IL-7, IL-15 and osteonectin in older women at high risk of breast cancer. The intervention involved 3 sessions/week of either high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) and were compared to an untrained control (UC) group. Results HIIT decreased total granulocytes, CD4+ T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) and the CD4:CD8 ratio after training, whereas MICT increased total lymphocytes and CD8 effector memory (EM) T-cells. The change in total T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ central memory (CM) T-cells and CD4+ RTE was elevated after MICT compared to HIIT. Changes in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$\end{document}V˙O2max after training, regardless of exercise prescription, was inversely related to the change in highly differentiated CD8+ EMRA T-cells and positively related to changes in β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) expression on CM CD4+ and CM CD8+ T-cells. Plasma myokine levels did not change significantly among the groups after training, but individual changes in IL-7 were positively related to changes in the number of β2-AR expressing CD4 naïve T cells in both exercise groups but not controls. Further, CD4 T-cells and CD4 naive T-cells were negatively related to changes in IL-6 and osteonectin after HIIT but not MICT, whereas CD8 EMRA T-cells were inversely related to changes in IL-15 after MICT but not HIIT. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training alters the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in middle aged/older women at high risk of breast cancer, with HIIT (pro-senescent) and MICT (anti-senescent) evoking divergent effects. Identifying the underlying mechanisms and establishing whether exercise-induced changes in peripheral T-cell numbers can alter the risk of developing breast cancer warrants investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00266-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Adriana M Coletta
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preteesh Leo Mylabathula
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Forrest L Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Therese B Bevers
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinical Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Susan C Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. .,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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8
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Baker FL, Smith KA, Zúñiga TM, Batatinha H, Niemiro GM, Pedlar CR, Burgess SC, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Acute exercise increases immune responses to SARS CoV-2 in a previously infected man. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100343. [PMID: 34514439 PMCID: PMC8423674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that exercise and physical activity provides protection against severe COVID-19 disease in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, but it is not known how exercise affects immune responses to the virus. A healthy man completed a graded cycling ergometer test prior to and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, then again after receiving an adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine. Using whole blood SARS-CoV-2 peptide stimulation assays, IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, flow cytometry, ex vivo viral-specific T-cell expansion assays and deep T-cell receptor (TCR) β sequencing, we found that exercise robustly mobilized highly functional SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to the blood compartment that recognized spike protein, membrane protein, nucleocapsid antigen and the B.1.1.7 α-variant, and consisted mostly of CD3+/CD8+ T-cells and double-negative (CD4-/CD8-) CD3+ T-cells. The magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell mobilization with exercise was intensity dependent and robust when compared to T-cells recognizing other viruses (e.g. CMV, EBV, influenza). Vaccination enhanced the number of exercise-mobilized SARS-CoV-2 T-cells recognizing spike protein and the α-variant only. Exercise-mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells proliferated more vigorously to ex vivo peptide stimulation and maintained broad TCR-β diversity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens both before and after ex vivo expansion. Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were transiently elevated during exercise after both infection and vaccination. Finally, infection was associated with an increased metabolic demand to defined exercise workloads, which was restored to pre-infection levels after vaccination. This case study provides impetus for larger studies to determine if these immune responses to exercise can facilitate viral clearance, ameliorate symptoms of long COVID syndrome, and/or restore functional exercise capacity following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest L. Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle A. Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helena Batatinha
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles R. Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane C. Burgess
- Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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9
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Simpson RJ, Boßlau TK, Weyh C, Niemiro GM, Batatinha H, Smith KA, Krüger K. Exercise and adrenergic regulation of immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:303-318. [PMID: 34302965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has a profound impact on immunity, exerting a multitude of positive effects in indications such as immunosenescence, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory diseases. The immune, endocrine and central nervous systems work in a highly synergistic manner and it has become apparent that catecholamine signaling through leukocyte β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) is a key mechanism by which exercise mediates improvements in immune function to help mitigate numerous disease conditions. Central to this is the preferential mobilization and redistribution of effector lymphocytes with potent anti-viral and anti-tumor activity, their interaction with muscle-derived cytokines, and the effects of catecholamine signaling on mitochondrial biogenesis, immunometabolism and the resulting inflammatory response. Here, we review the impact of acute and chronic exercise on adrenergic regulation of immunity in the context of aging, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory disease. We also put forth our contention that exercise interventions designed to improve immunity, prevent disease and reduce inflammation should consider the catecholamine-AR signaling axis as a therapeutic target and ask whether or not the adrenergic signaling machinery can be 'trained' to improve immune responses to stress, disease or during the normal physiological process of aging. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to augment leukocyte catecholamine signaling to boost the effects of exercise on immunity in individuals with desensitized β-ARs or limited exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Immunobiology, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Tim K Boßlau
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Helena Batatinha
- University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle A Smith
- University of Arizona, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karsten Krüger
- University of Gießen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Gießen, Germany.
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Baker FL, Mylabathula PL, Smith KA, Zuñiga TM, Diak DM, Niemiro GM, Markofski MM, Pedlar CR, O'Connor DP, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Exercise Enhances The Anti-leukemia Activity Of Expanded γδ T-cells Via DNAM-1 Upregulation And PVR/Nectin-2 Recognition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000763504.02014.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Smith KA, Batatinha H, Hoffman EA, Baker FL, Niemiro GM, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Voluntary Wheel Running Slows Tumor Progression In A Murine Lymphoma Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000763520.42102.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Batatinha H, Diak DM, Niemiro GM, Mylabathula P, Baker FL, Smith KA, Zúñiga TM, Park Y, LaVoy EC, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Human Lymphocytes Mobilized With Exercise Extend Survival And Lower Leukemic Burden In Xenogeneic Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000763528.05151.3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Coletta AM, Agha NH, Baker FL, Niemiro GM, Mylabathula PL, Brewster AM, Bevers TB, Fuentes-Mattei E, Basen-Engquist K, Gilchrist SC, Simpson RJ. The impact of high-intensity interval exercise training on NK-cell function and circulating myokines for breast cancer prevention among women at high risk for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:407-416. [PMID: 33555464 PMCID: PMC8189992 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Preclinical evidence suggests that natural killer cell (NK-cell) function and myokines facilitate the protective effects of exercise for breast cancer prevention. Since higher-intensity exercise acutely promotes greater mobilization and larger changes in NK-cell cytotoxicity than lower-intensity, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) might offer increased immune protection compared to moderate-intensity continuous-training (MICT). This study compared a 12-week HIIT program to a 12-week MICT program and usual care on changes in resting NK-cell function and circulating myokines among women at high risk for breast cancer. Methods Thirty-three women were randomized to HIIT, MICT, or usual care, for a supervised exercise intervention. Blood was collected at baseline and end-of-study. The cytotoxic activity of CD3−/CD56+ NK-cells against the K562 target cell line in vitro was determined by flow cytometry. Circulating myokines (IL-15, IL-6, irisin, OSM, osteonectin, IL-7) were assessed with luminex multiplex assays and ELISA. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests assessed between- and within-group differences, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients determined relationships between baseline fitness and change variables. Results Significant differences were not observed between groups for change in NK-cell function or circulating myokines (p > 0.05). Significant correlations were only observed for baseline peak aerobic capacity (ml/kg/min) and change in NK-cell-specific lysis (r = − 0.43, p = 0.02) and hemacytotoxicity for the total sample (r = − 0.46, p = 0.01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that exercise intensity may not significantly impact change in resting NK-cell function and circulating myokines among women at high risk for breast cancer. Structured exercise training may have a larger impact on NK-cell function in those with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. Clinical trial registration: NCT02923401; Registered on October 4, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Coletta
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Research South Building Room 4747, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Forrest L Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Preteesh L Mylabathula
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Therese B Bevers
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Radiation Oncology Clinical Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan C Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Smith KA, Agha NH, Baker FL, Bigley AB, Kunz HE, Niemiro GM, Colombo JN, Bond RA, Bollard CM, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Systemic β 1 -Adrenergic Receptor Blockade Augments NK-Cell Mobilization In Response To Acute Exercise In Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000670140.01109.f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Niemiro GM, Coletta AM, Brewster AM, Bevers TB, Agha NH, Baker FL, Basen-Engquist K, Katsanis E, Gilchrist S, Simpson RJ. T-cell Response To Exercise Training Among Women At Heightened Risk Of Breast Cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000682388.04724.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Niemiro GM, Chiarlitti NA, Khan NA, De Lisio M. A Carbohydrate Beverage Reduces Monocytes Expressing TLR4 in Children with Overweight or Obesity. J Nutr 2020; 150:616-622. [PMID: 31825075 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is increasing, with about one-third of children overweight or obese. Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is related to cardiometabolic comorbidities. Inflammatory monocytes, which are classified into 3 different groups-classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4+) expression indicating a proinflammatory state-underlie several obesity-associated morbidities. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the responses of monocyte populations to beverages of differing macronutrient composition in children with healthy weight (HW) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB). METHODS Ten HW children (5th to 84.9th percentile; mean age 12.29 ± 2.5 y) and 7 children with OW/OB (85th to 99.99th percentile; mean age 11.96 ± 3.8 y) completed the study. Adiposity was determined via DXA. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, participants consumed either a high-carbohydrate (CHO; 210 kcal; 0 g fat/56 g carbohydrates/0 g protein) or a whole-egg-based high-protein/fat (EGG; 210 kcal; 15 g fat/0 g carbohydrates/18 g protein) beverage. Venous blood was collected at baseline and 2 h postprandially for evaluation of metabolic and inflammatory responses. Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations were conducted. RESULTS Consuming the CHO beverage significantly reduced the primary outcome: TLR4+ expression on classical monocytes in children with OW/OB only (25.60% decrease from baseline in OW/OB compared with 1.61% increase in HW). Children with OW/OB had significantly less percentages of TLR4+ nonclassical monocytes than HW (47.66% lower after CHO). Insulin and glucose (secondary outcomes), were significantly higher after the CHO condition compared with baseline (230.61% and 9.93% increase, respectively). Changes in glucose were significantly and negatively related to changes in monocyte populations in the CHO condition. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that high-carbohydrate beverages alter monocyte populations in the blood in children with OW/OB, which is related to glucose metabolism. These findings have implications for nutritional recommendations in children with overweight/obesity. National Clinical Trial registry trial number: NCT03597542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan A Chiarlitti
- School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Institute, Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Institute, Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Hannon BA, Thompson SV, Edwards CG, Skinner SK, Niemiro GM, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Teran-Garcia M, Khan NA. Dietary Fiber Is Independently Related to Blood Triglycerides Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy094. [PMID: 30820489 PMCID: PMC6389638 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of visceral adiposity-related risk factors, affects approximately 35% of the United States population. Although improvement in diet quality is an important approach to reducing MetS risk, the role of particular dietary components remains unclear, especially among younger adults. Individual dietary components have been implicated in ameliorating or exacerbating MetS risk; however, the extent to which these factors contribute to MetS prevention has received little attention. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess relations between diet and individual MetS components in young to middle-aged adults who are overweight and/or obese. METHODS Participants aged 25-45 y (N = 117) with overweight and obesity, but no other diagnosed metabolic disease, recorded dietary intake over 7 d. MetS components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides [TGs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL]) were measured. Visceral adipose tissue was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression was used to assess relations between diet and MetS risk factors, adjusting for age, sex, and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS MetS prevalence in this sample was 32%. Energy-adjusted total fiber intake (β = -0.21, P = 0.02) was inversely associated with TG concentrations. No significant relations were observed between other dietary factors and MetS components. These findings indicate that among MetS components, TG concentrations are potentially sensitive to fiber consumption. CONCLUSIONS These results provide cross-sectional evidence supporting the protective influence of dietary fiber on MetS components among young to middle-aged adults. Additional, well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the causal relations between various types of dietary fiber and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Sarah K Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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18
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Niemiro GM, Skinner SK, Walk AM, Edwards CG, De Lisio M, Holscher HD, Burd NA, Khan NA. Oral Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Neuroelectric Indices of Attention Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1550-1557. [PMID: 30204939 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between glucose levels and insulin resistance and sensitivity obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests and neurophysiological indices of attention among adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS Forty adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess visceral adipose tissue. Repeated venous blood samples were collected during an oral glucose tolerance test to measure insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) and indices of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate). Attention was assessed using event-related brain potentials recorded during a visual oddball task. Amplitude and latency of the P3 wave form in a central-parietal region of interest were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed. RESULTS Following adjustment for visceral adipose tissue, reduced values of Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate (indicating poor insulin sensitivity) were correlated with longer peak latency, whereas insulin area under the curve was positively related to peak latency, indicating slower information processing. Individuals with decreased insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index < 4.3) had significantly longer P3 latencies compared with individuals with normal insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Higher fasting glucose, but not homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and reduced indices of glucose sensivity are associated with decrements in attention characterized by slower reaction time and slower information processing speed among adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sarah K Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Anne M Walk
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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19
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Edwards T, Barfield JP, Niemiro GM, Beals JW, Broad EM, Motl RW, De Lisio M, Burd NA, Pilutti LA. Physiological responses during a 25-km time trial in elite wheelchair racing athletes. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:77. [PMID: 30131876 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Observational study. Objectives To characterize the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response of elite wheelchair racing (WCR) athletes during a 25 km, field-based time trial. Settings University laboratory and field racing course in Urbana, Illinois, USA. Methods Seven elite WCR athletes (4 men/3 women) with spinal cord injury completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a computerized wheelchair roller system to determine peak cardiorespiratory capacity in the laboratory. The athletes then completed a long-distance, field-based time trial (i.e., 25 km) within 5 days. Energy expenditure was measured continuously during the time trial with a portable metabolic unit. Blood samples were collected to determine blood lactate and glucose concentrations. Core temperature was measured using an ingestible sensor thermistor. Results Five participants completed the long-distance time trial with usable cardiorespiratory data. Median heart rate and oxygen consumption during the time trial was 93.6% and 76.6% of peak values, respectively. Median energy expenditure was 504.6 kcal/h. There was a significant increase in blood lactate concentration from 0.7 to 4.0 mmol/L after the time trial (p = 0.03). There were no changes in blood glucose concentrations after the time trial (p = 0.27). Lastly, core temperature significantly increased from 37.1 at baseline to 38.7 °C immediately after the time trial (p = 0.01). Conclusions Elite WCR athletes sustained a high exercise intensity that was consistent across the long-distance time trial, and exercise intensity outcomes were generally lower than those documented for elite able-bodied long-distance athletes in other studies. Our findings provide accurate estimates of energy expenditure that can be used to design effective training and racing strategies for elite WCR athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edwards
- 1School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - J P Barfield
- 2School of Health Sciences, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA USA
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- 3Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Joseph W Beals
- 3Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | | | - Robert W Motl
- 5Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Michael De Lisio
- 1School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada.,6Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- 3Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Lara A Pilutti
- 6Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada.,7Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Niemiro GM, Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Khan NA, Holscher HD, Woods JA, De Lisio M. Effects of endurance exercise training on inflammatory circulating progenitor cell content in lean and obese adults. J Physiol 2018; 596:2811-2822. [PMID: 29923191 DOI: 10.1113/jp276023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chronic inflammation underlies many of the health decrements associated with obesity. Circulating progenitor cells can sense and respond to inflammatory stimuli, increasing the local inflammatory response within tissues. Here we show that 6 weeks of endurance exercise training significantly decreases inflammatory circulating progenitor cells in obese adults. These findings provide novel cellular mechanisms for the beneficial effects of exercise in obese adults. ABSTRACT Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and subpopulations are normally found in the bone marrow, but can migrate to peripheral tissues to participate in local inflammation and/or remodelling. The purpose of this study was to compare the CPC response, particularly the inflammatory-primed haematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) subpopulation, to a 6 week endurance exercise training (EET) intervention between lean and obese adults. Seventeen healthy weight (age: 23.9 ± 5.4 years, body mass index (BMI): 22.0 ± 2.6 kg m-2 ) and 10 obese (age: 29.0 ± 8.0 years, BMI: 33.1 ± 6.0 kg m-2 ) previously sedentary adults participated in an EET. Blood was collected before and after EET for quantification of CPCs and subpopulations via flow cytometry, colony forming unit assays and plasma concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). Exercise training reduced the number of circulating HSPCs and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). EET increased the colony forming potential of granulocytes and macrophages irrespective of BMI. EET reduced the number of HSPCs expressing the chemokine receptor CCR2 and the pro-inflammatory marker TLR4. EET-induced changes in adipose tissue-derived MSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs were negatively related to changes in absolute fitness. Our results indicate that EET, regardless of BMI status, decreases CPCs and subpopulations, particularly those primed for contribution to tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucy J Mailing
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Institute, Centre on Neuromuscular Disease, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Niemiro GM, Walk AM, Edwards CG, Bailey MA, Skinner SK, De Lisio M, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan N. Chronic Systemic Inflammation Moderates the Relationship Between Adiposity and Behavioral and Neuroelectric Indices of Attention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538493.70447.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Niemiro GM, Moore R, Cook MD, White BA, Holscher HD, Woods JA. Exercise Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Lean and Obese Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:747-757. [PMID: 29166320 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is associated with altered gut microbial composition, but studies have not investigated whether the gut microbiota and associated metabolites are modulated by exercise training in humans. We explored the impact of 6 wk of endurance exercise on the composition, functional capacity, and metabolic output of the gut microbiota in lean and obese adults with multiple-day dietary controls before outcome variable collection. METHODS Thirty-two lean (n = 18 [9 female]) and obese (n = 14 [11 female]), previously sedentary subjects participated in 6 wk of supervised, endurance-based exercise training (3 d·wk) that progressed from 30 to 60 min·d and from moderate (60% of HR reserve) to vigorous intensity (75% HR reserve). Subsequently, participants returned to a sedentary lifestyle activity for a 6-wk washout period. Fecal samples were collected before and after 6 wk of exercise, as well as after the sedentary washout period, with 3-d dietary controls in place before each collection. RESULTS β-diversity analysis revealed that exercise-induced alterations of the gut microbiota were dependent on obesity status. Exercise increased fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in lean, but not obese, participants. Exercise-induced shifts in metabolic output of the microbiota paralleled changes in bacterial genes and taxa capable of short-chain fatty acid production. Lastly, exercise-induced changes in the microbiota were largely reversed once exercise training ceased. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that exercise training induces compositional and functional changes in the human gut microbiota that are dependent on obesity status, independent of diet and contingent on the sustainment of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Lucy J Mailing
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Rachel Moore
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Marc D Cook
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Bryan A White
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Niemiro GM, Edwards T, Barfield JP, Beals JW, Broad EM, Motl RW, Burd NA, Pilutti LA, DE Lisio M. Circulating Progenitor Cell Response to Exercise in Wheelchair Racing Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:88-97. [PMID: 28806276 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) are a heterogeneous population of stem/progenitor cells in peripheral blood that participate in tissue repair. CPC mobilization has been well characterized in able-bodied persons but has not been previously investigated in wheelchair racing athletes. The purpose of this study was to characterize CPC and CPC subpopulation mobilization in elite wheelchair racing athletes in response to acute, upper-extremity aerobic exercise to determine whether CPC responses are similar to ambulatory populations. METHODS Eight participants (three females; age = 27.5 ± 4.0 yr, supine height = 162.5 ± 18.6 cm, weight = 53.5 ± 10.9 kg, V˙O2peak = 2.4 ± 0.62 L·min, years postinjury = 21.5 ± 6.2 yr) completed a 25-km time trial on a road course. Blood sampling occurred before and immediately after exercise for quantification of CPC (CD34), hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) (CD34/CD45), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) (CD34/CD45/CD38), CD34 adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (CD45/CD34/CD105/CD31), CD34 bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (CD45/CD34/CD105/CD31), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) (CD45/CD34/VEGFR2) via flow cytometry. Blood lactate was measured before and after trial as an indicator of exercise intensity. RESULTS CPC concentration increased 5.7-fold postexercise (P = 0.10). HSPC, HSC, EPC, and both MSC populations were not increased postexercise. Baseline HSPC populations were significantly positively correlated to absolute V˙O2peak (rho = 0.71, P < 0.05) with HSC trending to positively correlate to V˙O2peak (rho = 0.62, P = 0.10). AT-MSC populations were trending to be negatively correlated to baseline V˙O2peak (rho = -0.62, P = 0.058). The change in CPC, EPC, and AT-MSC pre- and postexercise significantly positively correlated to the change in lactate concentrations (rho = 0.91 P = 0.002, 0.71 P = 0.047, 0.81 P = 0.02, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that CPC content in wheelchair racing athletes is related to cardiorespiratory fitness, and responses to exercise are positively related to exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Niemiro
- 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 2Department of Health and Human Performance, Radford University, Radford, VA; 3U.S. Paralympics, Colorado Springs, CO; 4Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; 5Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA; and 6School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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Beals JW, Mackenzie RWA, van Vliet S, Skinner SK, Pagni BA, Niemiro GM, Ulanov AV, Li Z, Dilger AC, Paluska SA, De Lisio M, Burd NA. Protein-Rich Food Ingestion Stimulates Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis in Sedentary Young Adults of Different BMIs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3415-3424. [PMID: 28911136 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excess fat mass may diminish the anabolic potency of protein-rich food ingestion to stimulate muscle protein subfractional synthetic responses. However, the impact of adiposity on mitochondrial protein synthesis (MPS) rates after protein-rich food ingestion has not been thoroughly examined in vivo in humans. OBJECTIVE We compared basal and postprandial MPS and markers of muscle inflammation [toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) protein content] in young adults with different body mass indices (BMIs). METHODS Ten normal-weight (NW; BMI = 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2), 10 overweight (OW; BMI = 27.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2), and 10 obese (OB; BMI = 35.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2) adults received primed continuous L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine infusions, blood sampling, and skeletal muscle biopsies before and after the ingestion of 170 g of pork. RESULTS Pork ingestion increased muscle TLR4 and MyD88 protein content in the OB group (P < 0.05), but not in the NW or OW groups. Basal MPS was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Pork ingestion stimulated MPS (P < 0.001; 0 to 300 minutes) in the NW (2.5- ± 0.6-fold above baseline values), OW (1.7- ± 0.3-fold), and OB groups (2.4- ± 0.5-fold) with no group differences (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Protein-dense food ingestion promotes muscle inflammatory signaling only in OB adults. However, the consumption of a dinner-sized amount of protein strongly stimulated a postprandial MPS response irrespective of BMI. Our data suggest that alterations in postprandial MPS are unlikely to contribute to compromised muscle macronutrient metabolism witnessed with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Beals
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Richard W A Mackenzie
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Sarah K Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Brandon A Pagni
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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De Lisio M, Niemiro GM, Edwards T, Barfield J, Beals JW, Broad E, Motl RW, Newsome L, Burd NA, Pilutti LA. Progenitor Cell Mobilization Following a Half-Marathon in Elite Wheelchair Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518147.06229.c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barfield J, Edwards T, Beals JW, Niemiro GM, Broad E, Motl RW, De Lisio M, Newsome L, Burd NA, Pilutti LA. Physiological Responses To A Simulated Half-marathon Road-race In Elite Wheelchair Racing Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519316.98936.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Niemiro GM, Parel J, Beals J, van Vliet S, Paluska SA, Moore DR, Burd NA, De Lisio M. Kinetics of circulating progenitor cell mobilization during submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:675-682. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) are a heterogeneous population of stem/progenitor cells in peripheral blood that includes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs and HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are involved in tissue repair and adaptation. CPC mobilization during exercise remains uncharacterized in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of CPC mobilization during and after submaximal treadmill running and their relationship to mobilization factors. Seven men [age = 25.3 ± 2.4 yr, body mass index = 23.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2, peak O2uptake (V̇o2peak) = 60.9 ± 2.74 ml·kg−1·min−1] ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 70% V̇o2peak. Blood sampling occurred before (Pre), during [20 min (20e), 40 min (40e), 60 min (60e)], and after exercise [15 min (15p), 60 min (60p), 120 min (120p)] for quantification of CPCs (CD34+), HSPCs (CD34+/CD45low), HSCs (CD34+/CD45low/CD38−), CD34+MSCs (CD45−/CD34+/CD31−/CD105+), CD34−MSCs (CD45−/CD34−/CD31−/CD105+), and EPCs (CD45−/CD34+/CD31+) via flow cytometry. CPC concentration increased compared with Pre at 20e and 40e (2.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). HSPCs and HSCs increased at 20e compared with 60p (2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas EPCs and both MSC populations did not change. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 (1.5-fold; P < 0.05) and stem cell factor (1.3-fold; P < 0.05) were increased at 40e and remained elevated postexercise. The peak increase in CPCs was positively correlated to concentration of endothelial cells during exercise with no relationship to CXCL12 and SCF. Our data show the kinetics of progenitor cell mobilization during exercise that could provide insight into cellular mediators of exercise-induced adaptations, and have implication for the use of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for CPC collection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a comprehensive evaluation of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), we show that CPC mobilization during exercise is related to tissue damage, and not plasma concentrations of CXC chemokine ligand 12 and stem cell factor. These data have implications for the use of exercise interventions as adjuvant therapy for CPC mobilization in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplant and also support the role of mobilized progenitor cells as cellular mediators of systemic adaptations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Justin Parel
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Joseph Beals
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Scott A. Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Daniel R. Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nicholas A. Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
- School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Emmons R, Niemiro GM, De Lisio M. Hematopoiesis with Obesity and Exercise: Role of the Bone Marrow Niche. Exerc Immunol Rev 2017; 23:82-95. [PMID: 28224968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), the most primitive cells of the hematopoietic system responsible for maintaining all mature blood cells, display the hallmark characteristics of self-renewal and multi-potent differentiation into mature cell lineages. HSPC activity is directed by the bone marrow niche, a complex environment composed of heterogeneous cell populations that regulate HSPC function through the secretion of a wide array of cytokines and growth factors. Diet induced obesity results in a dramatic remodeling of the bone marrow niche, skewing HSPC function resulting in a compromised immune system. Exercise is a viable treatment option for deficits imposed by obesity and to combat immune dysfunction; however, the impact of exercise on the bone marrow niche is not well defined. This review summarizes the available information on how obesity disrupts the normal bone marrow niche and HSPC function. In addition, we review the limited data available detailing how exercise may be used to combat obesity induced bone marrow dysfunction, and discuss future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Emmons
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illionois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illionois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Niemiro GM, Raine LB, Khan NA, Emmons R, Little J, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, De Lisio M. Circulating progenitor cells are positively associated with cognitive function among overweight/obese children. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:47-52. [PMID: 27132057 PMCID: PMC7404617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that overweight/obese children may experience cognitive and immune dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for the association between overweight/obesity, immune dysfunction, and cognition have yet to be established. The present study aimed to identify a novel link between obesity-induced immune system dysregulation and cognition in preadolescent children. A total of 27 male children (age: 8-10years) were recruited and separated by body mass index (BMI) into healthy weight (HW: 5th-84.9th percentile, n=16) and overweight/obese (OW: ⩾85th percentile, n=11) groups. Adiposity was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and aspects of executive function were assessed using the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Monocyte populations (CD14(+)CD16(-), CD14(+)CD16(+)) with and without expression of chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs: CD34(+)CD45(dim)), in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. CPCs were isolated by flow sorting and cultured for 24h for collection of conditioned media (CM) that was applied to SH-SY5Y neuroblastomas to examine the paracrine effects of CPCs on neurogenesis. OW had significantly higher quantities of both populations of monocytes (CD14(+)CD16(-): 57% increase; CD14(+)CD16(+): 95% increase, both p<0.01), monocytes expressing CCR2 (CD14(+)CD16(-)CCR2(+): 66% increase; CD14(+)CD16(+)CCR2(+): 168% increase, both p<0.01), and CPCs (47% increase, p<0.05) than HW. CPCs were positively correlated with abdominal adiposity in OW, and negatively correlated in HW with a significant difference between correlations (p<0.05). CPC content was positively correlated with executive processes in OW, and negatively correlated in HW with a significant difference in the strength of the correlations between groups (p<0.05 for correlation between OW and HW). Finally, CPC-CM from OW trended to increase neuroblast viability in vitro relative to HW (1.79 fold, p=0.07). These novel findings indicate that increased content of CPCs among OW children may play a role in preventing decrements in cognitive function via paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Russell Emmons
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Jonathan Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Canada
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
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SUN YI, Pence BD, Garg K, Dvoretskiy SV, Niemiro GM, Allen JM, De Lisio M, Boppart MD, Woods JA. Acute Eccentric Exercise Does Not Improve Primary Antibody Responses to Ovalbumin Vaccination in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485262.62741.6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Niemiro GM, Parel J, Beals J, van Vliet S, Moore DR, Burd NA, De Lisio M. Time Course of Progenitor Cell Mobilization During Exercise in Endurance Trained Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487447.39040.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Emmons R, Niemiro GM, Owolabi O, De Lisio M. Acute exercise mobilizes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and alters the mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:624-32. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00925.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), collected from peripheral blood, is the primary treatment for many hematological malignancies; however, variable collection efficacy with current protocols merits further examination into factors responsible for HSPC mobilization. HSPCs primarily reside within the bone marrow and are regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Exercise potently and transiently mobilizes HSPCs from the bone marrow into peripheral circulation. Thus the purpose of the present study was to evaluate potential factors in the bone marrow responsible for HSPC mobilization, investigate potential sites of HSPC homing, and assess changes in bone marrow cell populations following exercise. An acute exercise bout increased circulating HSPCs at 15 min (88%, P < 0.001) that returned to baseline at 60 min. Gene expression for HSPC homing factors (CXCL12, vascular endothelial growth factor-a, and angiopoietin-1) were increased at 15 min in skeletal muscle and HSPC content was increased in the spleen 48 h postexercise (45%, P < 0.01). Acute exercise did not alter HSPCs or MSCs quantity in the bone marrow; however, proliferation of HSPCs (40%, P < 0.001), multipotent progenitors (40%, P < 0.001), short-term hematopoietic stem cells (61%, P < 0.001), long-term hematopoietic stem cells (55%, P = 0.002), and MSCs (20%, P = 0.01) increased postexercise. Acute exercise increased the content of the mobilization agent granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, as well as stem cell factor, interleukin-3, and thrombopoeitin in conditioned media collected from bone marrow stromal cells 15 min postexercise. These findings suggest that the MSC secretome is responsible for HSPC mobilization and proliferation; concurrently, HSPCs are homing to extramedullary sites following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Emmons
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Olatomide Owolabi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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