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Gallo Stampino P, Riva L, Caruso M, Rahman IA, Elegir G, Bussini D, Marti-Rujas J, Dotelli G, Punta C. Can TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Be Used as Additives in Bio-Based Building Materials? A Preliminary Study on Earth Plasters. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:74. [PMID: 36614411 PMCID: PMC9820849 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest towards cellulose nanofibers obtained from virgin and waste sources has seen a significant growth, mainly thanks to the increasing sensitivity towards the concept of circular economy and the high levels of paper recycling achieved in recent years. Inspired by the guidelines of the green building industry, this study proposes the production and characterization of TEMPO-oxidized and homogenized cellulose nanofibers (TOHO CNF) from different sources and their use as additives for earth plasters on two different raw earth samples, characterized by geotechnical laboratory tests and mineralogical analysis: a high-plasticity clay (T2) and a medium-compressibility silt (ABS). Original sources, including those derived from waste (recycled cardboard and paper mill sludge), were characterized by determining chemical content (cellulose versus ashes and lignin) and fiber morphology. TOHO CNF derived from the different sources were compared in terms of nanofibers medium diameter, crystallinity degree, thermal decomposition and oxidation degree, that is the content of carboxylic groups per gram of sample. Then, a preliminary analysis of the influence of CNF on earth plasters is examined. Adhesion and capillary absorption tests highlighted the effect of such nanofibers on blends in function of two factors, namely the cellulose original source and the oxidation degree of the fibers. In particular, for both earth samples, T2 and ABS, a significant increase in adhesion strength was observed in the presence of some TOHO CNF additives. As far as capillary sorption tests, while an undesired increase in water adsorption was detected for T2 compared to the control, in the case of ABS, a significant reduction in water content was measured by adding TOHO CNF derived from recycled sources. These results pave the way for further in-depth investigation on the role of TOHO CNF as additives for earth plasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallo Stampino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caruso
- Materials Testing Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Imran Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Elegir
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bussini
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Marti-Rujas
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Buscaroli E, Bussini D, Bisio C, Montecchio D, Elegir G, Garbini D, Marchese L, Braschi I. Erratum to: Stabilization of mineral oil hydrocarbons in recycled paper pulp by organo-functionalized mesoporous silicas and evaluation of migration to food. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Buscaroli E, Bussini D, Bisio C, Montecchio D, Elegir G, Garbini D, Marchese L, Braschi I. Stabilization of mineral oil hydrocarbons in recycled paper pulp by organo-functionalized mesoporous silicas and evaluation of migration to food. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang H, Bussini D, Hortal M, Elegir G, Mendes J, Jordá Beneyto M. PLA coated paper containing active inorganic nanoparticles: Material characterization and fate of nanoparticles in the paper recycling process. Waste Manag 2016; 52:339-345. [PMID: 27036997 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For paper and paperboard packaging, recyclability plays an important role in conserving the resources and reducing the environmental impacts. Therefore, when it comes to the nano-enabled paper packaging material, the recyclability issue should be properly addressed. This study represents our first report on the fate of nanomaterials in paper recycling process. The packaging material of concern is a PLA (Polylactic Acid) coated paper incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles in the coating layer. The material was characterised and assessed in a lab-scale paper recycling line. The recyclability test was based on a method adapted from ATICELCA MC501-13, which enabled to recover over 99% of the solids material. The mass balance result indicates that 86-91% zinc oxide nanoparticles ended up in the rejected material stream, mostly embedded within the polymer coating; whereas 7-16% nanoparticles ended up in the accepted material stream. Besides, the tensile strength of the recycled handsheets suggests that the nano-enabled coating had no negative impacts on the recovered fibre quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre (ITENE), C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Daniele Bussini
- INNOVHUB-SSI Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mercedes Hortal
- Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre (ITENE), C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Graziano Elegir
- INNOVHUB-SSI Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Joana Mendes
- INNOVHUB-SSI Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Jordá Beneyto
- Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre (ITENE), C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Saini S, Belgacem N, Mendes J, Elegir G, Bras J. Contact Antimicrobial Surface Obtained by Chemical Grafting of Microfibrillated Cellulose in Aqueous Solution Limiting Antibiotic Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:18076-18085. [PMID: 26218855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contact active surfaces are an innovative tool for developing antibacterial products. Here, the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) surface was modified with the β-lactam antibiotic benzyl penicillin in aqueous medium to prepare antimicrobial films. Penicillin was grafted on the MFC surface using a suspension of these nanofilaments or directly on films. Films prepared from the penicillin-modified MFC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tested for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Penicillin-grafted MFC films exhibited successful killing effect on Gram-positive bacteria with 3.5-log reduction whereas bacteriostatic efficiency was found in penicillin-grafted MFC suspension. The zone of inhibition test and leaching dynamic assay demonstrated that penicillin was not diffused into the surrounding media, thus proving that the films were indeed contact active. Thus, penicillin can be chemically bound to the modified substrate surface to produce promising nonleaching antimicrobial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Saini
- †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Naceur Belgacem
- †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joana Mendes
- §INNOVHUB SSI, Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Graziano Elegir
- §INNOVHUB SSI, Paper Division, Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Julien Bras
- †Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ‡CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Schoukens G, Breen C, Giacinti Baschetti M, Elegir G, Vähä-Nissi M, Liu Q, Tiekstra S, Simon P. Complex Packaging Structures Based on Wood Derived Products: Actual and Future Possibilities for 1-Way Food Packages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5539/jmsr.v3n4p58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zanini F, Elegir G, Salanti A, Orlandi M. Rice Husk: a Relevant Source for a Lombardy Based Biorefinery Scheme. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Salanti A, Zoia L, Orlandi M, Zanini F, Elegir G. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of lignins from rice husk. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:10049-10055. [PMID: 20735133 DOI: 10.1021/jf102188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin and extractives from herbaceous plants and crops are receiving increasing attention for their renewability and large annual biomass stock. It is worth noting that only a few studies deal with the chemical characterization of rice husk, a side product of one of the most important crops with regard to human nutrition. Thus, in this study lignin from rice husk was isolated and characterized. Two different extraction procedures were optimized and tested: acidolysis and alkaline enzymatic (AE). The different lignins isolated were fully characterized by means of gravimetric, chromatographic (GPC), and spectroscopic (31P NMR, 2D-HSQC-NMR) analyses with the aim to compare yields, sample purity, and chemical properties, recognized as key parameters for future development. Notwithstanding the extraction procedure, the results highlighted that rice husk lignin is mainly formed by guaiacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl units. The acidolytic approach showed an appreciable lignin recovery and high purity, whereas the AE lignin sample was found to be rich in residual polysaccharides and oxidized functionalities. Moreover, different rice husk extracts, along with acidolysis lignin and AE lignin specimens, were assayed for their antioxidant activity by means of a DPPH radical scavenging test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Salanti
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, I-20126 Italy
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Elegir G, Bussini D, Antonsson S, Lindström ME, Zoia L. Laccase-initiated cross-linking of lignocellulose fibres using a ultra-filtered lignin isolated from kraft black liquor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:809-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Elegir G, Daina S, Zoia L, Bestetti G, Orlandi M. Laccase mediator system: Oxidation of recalcitrant lignin model structures present in residual kraft lignin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang VW, Zhuang Z, Elegir G, Jeffries TW. Alkaline-active xylanase produced by an alkaliphilicBacillus sp isolated from kraft pulp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Elegir G, Szakács G, Jeffries TW. Purification, Characterization, and Substrate Specificities of Multiple Xylanases from
Streptomyces
sp. Strain B-12-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:2609-15. [PMID: 16349337 PMCID: PMC201691 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.7.2609-2615.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoxylanase complex from
Streptomyces
sp. strain B-12-2 was purified and characterized. The organism forms five distinct xylanases in the absence of significant cellulase activity when grown on oat spelt xylan. This is the largest number of endoxylanases yet reported for a streptomycete. On the basis of their physiochemical characteristics, they can be divided into two groups: the first group (xyl 1a and xyl 1b) consists of low-molecular-mass (26.4 and 23.8 kDa, respectively) neutral- to high-pI (6.5 and 8.3, respectively) endoxylanases. Group 1 endoxylanases are unable to hydrolyze aryl-β-
d
-cellobioside, have low levels of activity against xylotetraose (X
4
) and limited activity against xylopentaose, produce little or no xylose, and form products having a higher degree of polymerization with complex substrates. These enzymes apparently carry out transglycosylation. The second group (xyl 2, xyl 3, and xyl 4) consists of high-molecular-mass (36.2, 36.2, and 40.5 kDa, respectively), low-pI (5.4, 5.0, and 4.8, respectively) xylanases. Group 2 endoxylanases are able to hydrolyze aryl-β-
d
-cellobioside, show higher levels of activity against X
4
, and hydrolyze xylopentaose completely with the formation of xylobiose and xylotriose plus limited amounts of X
4
and xylose. The enzymes display intergroup synergism when acting on kraft pulp. Despite intragroup similarities, each enzyme exhibited a unique action pattern and physiochemical characteristic. xyl 2 was highly glycosylated, and xyl 1b (but no other enzyme) was completely inhibited by
p
-hydroxymercuribenzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elegir
- Stazione Sperimentale per La Cellulosa, Carta e Fibre Tessili Vegetali ed Artificiali, Milan 20133, Italy
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