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Gallo Stampino P, Riva L, Caruso M, Rahman IA, Elegir G, Bussini D, Marti-Rujas J, Dotelli G, Punta C. Can TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Be Used as Additives in Bio-Based Building Materials? A Preliminary Study on Earth Plasters. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:74. [PMID: 36614411 PMCID: PMC9820849 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest towards cellulose nanofibers obtained from virgin and waste sources has seen a significant growth, mainly thanks to the increasing sensitivity towards the concept of circular economy and the high levels of paper recycling achieved in recent years. Inspired by the guidelines of the green building industry, this study proposes the production and characterization of TEMPO-oxidized and homogenized cellulose nanofibers (TOHO CNF) from different sources and their use as additives for earth plasters on two different raw earth samples, characterized by geotechnical laboratory tests and mineralogical analysis: a high-plasticity clay (T2) and a medium-compressibility silt (ABS). Original sources, including those derived from waste (recycled cardboard and paper mill sludge), were characterized by determining chemical content (cellulose versus ashes and lignin) and fiber morphology. TOHO CNF derived from the different sources were compared in terms of nanofibers medium diameter, crystallinity degree, thermal decomposition and oxidation degree, that is the content of carboxylic groups per gram of sample. Then, a preliminary analysis of the influence of CNF on earth plasters is examined. Adhesion and capillary absorption tests highlighted the effect of such nanofibers on blends in function of two factors, namely the cellulose original source and the oxidation degree of the fibers. In particular, for both earth samples, T2 and ABS, a significant increase in adhesion strength was observed in the presence of some TOHO CNF additives. As far as capillary sorption tests, while an undesired increase in water adsorption was detected for T2 compared to the control, in the case of ABS, a significant reduction in water content was measured by adding TOHO CNF derived from recycled sources. These results pave the way for further in-depth investigation on the role of TOHO CNF as additives for earth plasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallo Stampino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caruso
- Materials Testing Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Imran Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Elegir
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bussini
- Innovhub Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria S.r.l., Via Giuseppe Colombo 83, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Marti-Rujas
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Hadipramana J, Riza FV, Rahman IA, Loon LY, Adnan SH, Zaidi AMA. Pozzolanic Characterization Of Waste Rice Husk Ash (RHA) From Muar, Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/160/1/012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Healy DA, Khan WA, Wong CS, Moloney MC, Grace PA, Coffey JC, Dunne C, Walsh SR, Sadat U, Gaunt ME, Chen S, Tehrani S, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM, Kramer RS, Zimmerman RF, Lomivorotov VV, Shmyrev VA, Ponomarev DN, Rahman IA, Mascaro JG, Bonser RS, Jeon Y, Hong DM, Wagner R, Thielmann M, Heusch G, Zacharowski K, Meybohm P, Bein B, Tang TY. Remote preconditioning and major clinical complications following adult cardiovascular surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:20-31. [PMID: 25022819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of 'proof-of-concept' trials suggest that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces surrogate markers of end-organ injury in patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. To date, few studies have involved hard clinical outcomes as primary end-points. METHODS Randomised clinical trials of RIPC in major adult cardiovascular surgery were identified by a systematic review of electronic abstract databases, conference proceedings and article reference lists. Clinical end-points were extracted from trial reports. In addition, trial principal investigators provided unpublished clinical outcome data. RESULTS In total, 23 trials of RIPC in 2200 patients undergoing major adult cardiovascular surgery were identified. RIPC did not have a significant effect on clinical end-points (death, peri-operative myocardial infarction (MI), renal failure, stroke, mesenteric ischaemia, hospital or critical care length of stay). CONCLUSION Pooled data from pilot trials cannot confirm that RIPC has any significant effect on clinically relevant end-points. Heterogeneity in study inclusion and exclusion criteria and in the type of preconditioning stimulus limits the potential for extrapolation at present. An effort must be made to clarify the optimal preconditioning stimulus. Following this, large-scale trials in a range of patient populations are required to ascertain the role of this simple, cost-effective intervention in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Dunne
- University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - S R Walsh
- National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - U Sadat
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M E Gaunt
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Chen
- Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - S Tehrani
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - D J Hausenloy
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - D M Yellon
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - V V Lomivorotov
- Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Shmyrev
- Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D N Ponomarev
- Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I A Rahman
- Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Mascaro
- Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R S Bonser
- Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Y Jeon
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D M Hong
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - R Wagner
- St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - G Heusch
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - P Meybohm
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - B Bein
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Y Tang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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Rahman IA, Hussain A, Davies A, Bryan AJ. NICE thromboprophylaxis guidelines are not associated with increased pericardial effusion after surgery of the proximal thoracic aorta. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95:433-6. [PMID: 24025294 DOI: 10.1308/003588413x13629960048154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2010 the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) released guidelines on venous thromboembolism. Strategy focused on risk assessment, antiembolic stockings, sequential compression devices, subcutaneous high dose enoxaparin (40 mg), early mobilisation and hydration. The 40 mg enoxaparin dose over the previous 20 mg regimen was worrisome, and its effect on pericardial effusion rates and mortality in proximal aortic surgery was investigated. METHODS Proximal aortic reconstructions performed between December 2008 and April 2011 were identified from prospectively collected data in a tertiary centre database. Retrospective analysis of patient notes was performed. Proximal aortic surgery patients were categorised as low dose (20 mg) enoxaparin and high dose (40 mg) enoxaparin, and compared for confounding variables. In-hospital, early and one-year readmission rates for pericardial effusion were ascertained from echocardiography reports. The primary outcome was total pericardial effusion rate. Secondary outcomes consisted of 30-day and 1-year mortality. RESULTS A total of 198 patients underwent proximal thoracic aortic surgery. Nine patients were excluded due to early postoperative death (n=5) and missing patient records (n=4). This left 189 cases for analysis. There were 93 patients in the low dose group and 96 in the high dose group. Groups were comparable for age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, postoperative warfarin and antiplatelet agents. Pericardial effusion rates up to one year were comparable (low dose 19% vs high dose 21%). Thirty-day mortality was lower in the low dose group (0 vs 3 deaths). There were four deaths up to one year but these were not attributable to increased enoxaparin. CONCLUSIONS Increased perioperative thromboprophylaxis dosage does not increase pericardial effusion rates or mortality in proximal aortic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Rahman
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Salhin A, Abdul Razak N, Rahman IA. 1-[(Bromo-meth-yl)(phen-yl)meth-ylene]-2-(2,4-dinitro-phen-yl)hydrazine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1221-2. [PMID: 21583090 PMCID: PMC2969738 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809016225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(14)H(11)BrN(4)O(4), comprises two crystallographically independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In mol-ecule B, intra-molecular bifurcated N-H⋯O and N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and in mol-ecule A, an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generate S(6) ring motifs. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and benzene rings is 5.44 (6) in mol-ecule A and 7.63 (6)° in mol-ecule B. The ortho- and meta-nitro substituents make dihedral angles of 6.67 (15) and 2.26 (15)° to the attached benzene ring in mol-ecule A and 6.37 (17) and 5.81 (16)° in mol-ecule B. The Br atom in mol-ecule B is disordered over two positions with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.61 (3):0.39 (3). Inter-esting features of the crystal structure are the short Br⋯N [3.257 (3)-3.294 (4) Å], Br⋯O [3.279 (3)-3.307 (4) Å] and O⋯O [2.9319 (16)-2.9995 (16) Å] contacts, which are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of these atoms. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.6643 (8)-3.8514 (8) Å].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdussalam Salhin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
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Salhin A, Razak NA, Rahman IA. 4-(Dimethyl-amino)benzaldehyde 4-ethyl-thio-semicarbazone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o2353. [PMID: 21581327 PMCID: PMC2960080 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808037148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The title thiosemicarbazone derivative, C12H18N4S, features intramolecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds which generate S(5) ring motifs. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the thiourea unit is 6.30 (6)° indicating planarity in the molecule. Intermolecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds generate dimers with an R22(8) ring motif. The methyl group of the N-ethyl residue is disordered and was refined with site occupancies of 0.521 (5) and 0.479 (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdussalam Salhin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Rahman IA, Saad B, Shaidan S, Sya Rizal ES. Adsorption characteristics of malachite green on activated carbon derived from rice husks produced by chemical-thermal process. Bioresour Technol 2005; 96:1578-83. [PMID: 15978990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated rice husks, followed by carbonization in a flowing nitrogen were used to study the adsorption of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solution. The effect of adsorption on contact time, concentration of MG and adsorbent dosage of the samples treated or carbonized at different temperatures were investigated. The results reveal that the optimum carbonization temperature is 500 degrees C in order to obtain adsorption capacity that is comparable to the commercial activated carbon for the husks treated by H(3)PO(4). It is interesting to note that MG adsorbed preferably on carbon-rich than on silica rich-sites. It is found that the behaviour of H(3)PO(4) treated absorbent followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models while NaOH treated best fitted to only the Langmuir model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Rahman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Saad B, Bee-Leng Y, Saleh MI, Rahman IA, Mansor SM. Polyvinyl chloride-based membranes for flow injection analysis of quinine in beverages. J AOAC Int 2001; 84:1151-7. [PMID: 11501917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Potentiometric response characteristics were evaluated for quinine selective sensors based on a lipophilic ion-exchanger potassium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl)]borate (PTFB) immobilized together with plasticizing solvents in polyvinyl chloride membranes. The use of dioctyl phthalate (DOP), 2-nitrophenyl phenyl ether (NPPE), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (BEHA) plasticizers produced good quality quinine sensors that were sensitive and fast responding, and exhibited near Nernstian responses when used as batch-sensors. These membranes were further tested in a wall-jet flow-through potentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) detector. Quinine sensors containing BEHA were the most suitable membrane, with no noticeable differences in sensitivity even after 5 h of continuous exposure to solutions. Interference by foreign species such as alkali, alkaline earth metal ions, sugars, and sodium benzoate was minimal in either the batch-mode (log selectivity coefficients <-2.60) or as FIA detector. When the FIA method was used, recoveries averaged 99.70% from mineral water samples spiked with 16.22 and 162.20 ppm quinine. Results for determination of quinine in other drinks such as carbonated (64.88 and 71.37 ppm) and bitter lemon drinks (55.15 ppm) agreed with those of the manufacturer's claimed values of <68, <81, and 51 ppm, respectively. With a sample throughput of 50 samples/h under optimized flow conditions, the method can be routinely used to monitor quinine in such samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saad
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences, Penang
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Hassan MA, El Shiekh A, Rahman IA. Proceedings: Prostatectomy and deep vein thrombosis in Sudanese patients. West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 1974; 2:110P. [PMID: 4470630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
One hundred and four Sudanese patients who had undergone the operation of prostatectomy (transvesical or retropubic but not transurethral) in Khartoum Civil Hospital were investigated for evidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (D VT) by the use of the 125 1-fibrinogen test. Of these 104 patients, 10 had evidence of DVT, i.e. an incidence of 9.6 per cent. This differs sharply from the incidence (21-47 per cent) reported from Swedish and British hospitals, and further confirms our previous findings that the incidence of postoperative D VT in Sudanese patients is significantly lower than in European patients.
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Abstract
The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis diagnosed by radioisotope scanning in 100 Sudanese patients aged 40 or over was 12%. This compares with an incidence of nearly 30% in 542 patients reported from British hospitals using the same diagnostic technique. The reason for the difference is obscure and needs further investigation.
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