1
|
Jin J, Qi G, Yu Z, Chatterjee N. Mendelian randomization analysis using multiple biomarkers of an underlying common exposure. Biostatistics 2024:kxae006. [PMID: 38459704 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is increasingly popular for testing the causal effect of exposures on disease outcomes using data from genome-wide association studies. In some settings, the underlying exposure, such as systematic inflammation, may not be directly observable, but measurements can be available on multiple biomarkers or other types of traits that are co-regulated by the exposure. We propose a method for MR analysis on latent exposures (MRLE), which tests the significance for, and the direction of, the effect of a latent exposure by leveraging information from multiple related traits. The method is developed by constructing a set of estimating functions based on the second-order moments of GWAS summary association statistics for the observable traits, under a structural equation model where genetic variants are assumed to have indirect effects through the latent exposure and potentially direct effects on the traits. Simulation studies show that MRLE has well-controlled type I error rates and enhanced power compared to single-trait MR tests under various types of pleiotropy. Applications of MRLE using genetic association statistics across five inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MCP-1) provide evidence for potential causal effects of inflammation on increasing the risk of coronary artery disease, colorectal cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, while standard MR analysis for individual biomarkers fails to detect consistent evidence for such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, United States
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195-1617, United States
| | - Zhi Yu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strober BJ, Tayeb K, Popp J, Qi G, Gordon MG, Perez R, Ye CJ, Battle A. SURGE: uncovering context-specific genetic-regulation of gene expression from single-cell RNA sequencing using latent-factor models. Genome Biol 2024; 25:28. [PMID: 38254214 PMCID: PMC10801966 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic regulation of gene expression is a complex process, with genetic effects known to vary across cellular contexts such as cell types and environmental conditions. We developed SURGE, a method for unsupervised discovery of context-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from single-cell transcriptomic data. This allows discovery of the contexts or cell types modulating genetic regulation without prior knowledge. Applied to peripheral blood single-cell eQTL data, SURGE contexts capture continuous representations of distinct cell types and groupings of biologically related cell types. We demonstrate the disease-relevance of SURGE context-specific eQTLs using colocalization analysis and stratified LD-score regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl Tayeb
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Popp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Grace Gordon
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Perez
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi G, Strober BJ, Popp JM, Keener R, Ji H, Battle A. Single-cell allele-specific expression analysis reveals dynamic and cell-type-specific regulatory effects. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6317. [PMID: 37813843 PMCID: PMC10562474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential allele-specific expression (ASE) is a powerful tool to study context-specific cis-regulation of gene expression. Such effects can reflect the interaction between genetic or epigenetic factors and a measured context or condition. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows the measurement of ASE at individual-cell resolution, but there is a lack of statistical methods to analyze such data. We present Differential Allelic Expression using Single-Cell data (DAESC), a powerful method for differential ASE analysis using scRNA-seq from multiple individuals, with statistical behavior confirmed through simulation. DAESC accounts for non-independence between cells from the same individual and incorporates implicit haplotype phasing. Application to data from 105 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines identifies 657 genes dynamically regulated during endoderm differentiation, with enrichment for changes in chromatin state. Application to a type-2 diabetes dataset identifies several differentially regulated genes between patients and controls in pancreatic endocrine cells. DAESC is a powerful method for single-cell ASE analysis and can uncover novel insights on gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin J Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Popp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Rebecca Keener
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi G, Dutta D, Leroux A, Ray D, Muschelli J, Crainiceanu C, Chatterjee N. Genome-wide association studies of 27 accelerometry-derived physical activity measurements identified novel loci and genetic mechanisms. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:122-138. [PMID: 35043453 PMCID: PMC8863635 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PA) is an important risk factor for a wide range of diseases. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), based on self-reported data or a small number of phenotypes derived from accelerometry, have identified a limited number of genetic loci associated with habitual PA and provided evidence for involvement of central nervous system in mediating genetic effects. In this study, we derived 27 PA phenotypes from wrist accelerometry data obtained from 88,411 UK Biobank study participants. Single-variant association analysis based on mixed-effects models and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) together identified 5 novel loci that were not detected by previous studies of PA, sleep duration and self-reported chronotype. For both novel and previously known loci, we discovered associations with novel phenotypes including active-to-sedentary transition probability, light-intensity PA, activity during different times of the day and proxy phenotypes to sleep and circadian patterns. Follow-up studies including TWAS, colocalization, tissue-specific heritability enrichment, gene-set enrichment and genetic correlation analyses indicated the role of the blood and immune system in modulating the genetic effects and a secondary role of the digestive and endocrine systems. Our findings provided important insights into the genetic architecture of PA and its underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Diptavo Dutta
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Muschelli
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Corresponding author: Nilanjan Chatterjee, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E3612, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, , Phone: 410-955-3067
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elorbany R, Popp JM, Rhodes K, Strober BJ, Barr K, Qi G, Gilad Y, Battle A. Single-cell sequencing reveals lineage-specific dynamic genetic regulation of gene expression during human cardiomyocyte differentiation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009666. [PMID: 35061661 PMCID: PMC8809621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and temporally specific gene regulatory changes may underlie unexplained genetic associations with complex disease. During a dynamic process such as cellular differentiation, the overall cell type composition of a tissue (or an in vitro culture) and the gene regulatory profile of each cell can both experience significant changes over time. To identify these dynamic effects in high resolution, we collected single-cell RNA-sequencing data over a differentiation time course from induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes, sampled at 7 unique time points in 19 human cell lines. We employed a flexible approach to map dynamic eQTLs whose effects vary significantly over the course of bifurcating differentiation trajectories, including many whose effects are specific to one of these two lineages. Our study design allowed us to distinguish true dynamic eQTLs affecting a specific cell lineage from expression changes driven by potentially non-genetic differences between cell lines such as cell composition. Additionally, we used the cell type profiles learned from single-cell data to deconvolve and re-analyze data from matched bulk RNA-seq samples. Using this approach, we were able to identify a large number of novel dynamic eQTLs in single cell data while also attributing dynamic effects in bulk to a particular lineage. Overall, we found that using single cell data to uncover dynamic eQTLs can provide new insight into the gene regulatory changes that occur among heterogeneous cell types during cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elorbany
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Popp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine Rhodes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Strober
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Barr
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qi G, Chatterjee N. A comprehensive evaluation of methods for Mendelian randomization using realistic simulations and an analysis of 38 biomarkers for risk of type 2 diabetes. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1335-1349. [PMID: 33393617 PMCID: PMC8562333 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have often evaluated methods for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on simulations that do not adequately reflect the data-generating mechanisms in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and there are often discrepancies in the performance of MR methods in simulations and real data sets. METHODS We use a simulation framework that generates data on full GWAS for two traits under a realistic model for effect-size distribution coherent with the heritability, co-heritability and polygenicity typically observed for complex traits. We further use recent data generated from GWAS of 38 biomarkers in the UK Biobank and performed down sampling to investigate trends in estimates of causal effects of these biomarkers on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESULTS Simulation studies show that weighted mode and MRMix are the only two methods that maintain the correct type I error rate in a diverse set of scenarios. Between the two methods, MRMix tends to be more powerful for larger GWAS whereas the opposite is true for smaller sample sizes. Among the other methods, random-effect IVW (inverse-variance weighted method), MR-Robust and MR-RAPS (robust adjust profile score) tend to perform best in maintaining a low mean-squared error when the InSIDE assumption is satisfied, but can produce large bias when InSIDE is violated. In real-data analysis, some biomarkers showed major heterogeneity in estimates of their causal effects on the risk of T2D across the different methods and estimates from many methods trended in one direction with increasing sample size with patterns similar to those observed in simulation studies. CONCLUSION The relative performance of different MR methods depends heavily on the sample sizes of the underlying GWAS, the proportion of valid instruments and the validity of the InSIDE assumption. Down-sampling analysis can be used in large GWAS for the possible detection of bias in the MR methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arvanitis M, Qi G, Bhatt DL, Post WS, Chatterjee N, Battle A, McEvoy JW. Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses of the Association Between Diastolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events: The J-Curve Revisited. Circulation 2020; 143:895-906. [PMID: 33249881 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical guidelines support intensive blood pressure treatment targets. However, observational data suggest that excessive diastolic blood pressure (DBP) lowering might increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), reflecting a J- or U-shaped relationship. METHODS We analyzed 47 407 participants from 5 cohorts (median age, 60 years). First, to corroborate previous observational analyses, we used traditional statistical methods to test the shape of association between DBP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Second, we created polygenic risk scores of DBP and systolic blood pressure and generated linear Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for the effect of DBP on CVD. Third, using novel nonlinear MR approaches, we evaluated for nonlinearity in the genetic relationship between DBP and CVD events. Comprehensive MR interrogation of DBP required us to also model systolic blood pressure, given that the 2 are strongly correlated. RESULTS Traditional observational analysis of our cohorts suggested a J-shaped association between DBP and MI. By contrast, linear MR analyses demonstrated an adverse effect of increasing DBP increments on CVD outcomes, including MI (MI hazard ratio, 1.07 per unit mm Hg increase in DBP; P<0.001). Furthermore, nonlinear MR analyses found no evidence for a J-shaped relationship; instead confirming that MI risk decreases consistently per unit decrease in DBP, even among individuals with low values of baseline DBP. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of the genetic effect of DBP, we found no evidence for a nonlinear J- or U-shaped relationship between DBP and adverse CVD outcomes; including MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Arvanitis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.A., W.S.P., J.W.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A., A.B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (G.Q., N.C.)
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.)
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.A., W.S.P., J.W.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (G.Q., N.C.)
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A., A.B.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - John W McEvoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.A., W.S.P., J.W.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine (J.W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu W, Qi G, Ding Z, Li X, Qi W, He F. Clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix for plastic periodontal and implant surgery: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1057-1066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang H, Ahearn TU, Lecarpentier J, Barnes D, Beesley J, Qi G, Jiang X, O'Mara TA, Zhao N, Bolla MK, Dunning AM, Dennis J, Wang Q, Ful ZA, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Auer PL, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bialkowska K, Blanco A, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Bondavalli D, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Briceno I, Broeks A, Brucker SY, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Byers H, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Calvello M, Campa D, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Christiaens M, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Diez O, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Foretova L, Fostira F, Friedman E, Frost D, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Guénel P, Häberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Hake CR, Hall P, Hamann U, Harkness EF, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Hillemanns P, Hogervorst FBL, Holleczek B, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huebner H, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Jager A, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Janni W, John EM, Jones ME, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kitahara CM, Ko YD, Konstantopoulou I, Koppert LB, Koutros S, Kristensen VN, Laenkholm AV, Lambrechts D, Larsson SC, Laurent-Puig P, Lazaro C, Lazarova E, Lejbkowicz F, Leslie G, Lesueur F, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loud JT, Lubinski J, Lukomska A, MacInnis RJ, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Matricardi L, McGuffog L, McLean C, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Menon U, Miller A, Mingazheva E, Montagna M, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Muranen TA, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Newman WG, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Nodora J, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Orr N, Papi L, Papp J, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Peissel B, Peixoto A, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Phillips KA, Piedmonte M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prajzendanc K, Prentice R, Prokofyeva D, Rack B, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Risch HA, Romero A, Rookus MA, Rübner M, Rüdiger T, Saloustros E, Sampson S, Sandler DP, Sawyer EJ, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schöttker B, Schürmann P, Senter L, Sharma P, Sherman ME, Shu XO, Singer CF, Smichkoska S, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Swerdlow AJ, Szabo CI, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Terry M, Thomassen M, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Untch M, Vachon CM, van den Ouweland AMW, van der Kolk LE, van Veen EM, vanRensburg EJ, Vega A, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Zorn KK, Milne RL, Kraft P, Simard J, Pharoah PDP, Michailidou K, Antoniou AC, Schmidt MK, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Chatterjee N, García-Closas M. Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses. Nat Genet 2020; 52:572-581. [PMID: 32424353 PMCID: PMC7808397 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype1-3. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 0.05). Five loci showed associations (P < 0.05) in opposite directions between luminal and non-luminal subtypes. In silico analyses showed that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 54.2% for luminal A-like disease and 37.6% for triple-negative disease. The odds ratios of polygenic risk scores, which included 330 variants, for the highest 1% of quantiles compared with middle quantiles were 5.63 and 3.02 for luminal A-like and triple-negative disease, respectively. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Lecarpentier
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zumuruda Abu Ful
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ana Blanco
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bondavalli
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, DKFZ and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Bioscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group (C080), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Women's Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Helen Byers
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Christiaens
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars-Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Linetta B Koppert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilija Lazarova
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center, Oncology Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Lukomska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Matricardi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer Team, INSERM U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Mingazheva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris, France
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesse Nodora
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Janos Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, INT, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Muhammad U Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Rübner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Sampson
- Prevent Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Women's Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- NCT, University Hospital and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leigha Senter
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Snezhana Smichkoska
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Genetics, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris Descartes Sorbonne-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - MaryBeth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke M van Veen
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hans Wildiers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu Z, Coresh J, Qi G, Grams M, Boerwinkle E, Snieder H, Teumer A, Pattaro C, Köttgen A, Chatterjee N, Tin A. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study supports causal effects of kidney function on blood pressure. Kidney Int 2020; 98:708-716. [PMID: 32454124 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure and kidney function have a bidirectional relation. Hypertension has long been considered as a risk factor for kidney function decline. However, whether intensive blood pressure control could promote kidney health has been uncertain. The kidney is known to have a major role in affecting blood pressure through sodium extraction and regulating electrolyte balance. This bidirectional relation makes causal inference between these two traits difficult. Therefore, to examine the causal relations between these two traits, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using summary statistics of large-scale genome-wide association studies. We selected genetic instruments more likely to be specific for kidney function using meta-analyses of complementary kidney function biomarkers (glomerular filtration rate estimated from serum creatinine [eGFRcr], and blood urea nitrogen from the CKDGen Consortium). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure summary statistics were from the International Consortium for Blood Pressure and UK Biobank. Significant evidence supported the causal effects of higher kidney function on lower blood pressure. Based on the mode-based Mendelian randomization method, the effect estimates for one standard deviation (SD) higher in log-transformed eGFRcr was -0.17 SD unit (95 % confidence interval: -0.09 to -0.24) in systolic blood pressure and -0.15 SD unit (95% confidence interval: -0.07 to -0.22) in diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, the causal effects of blood pressure on kidney function were not statistically significant. Thus, our results support causal effects of higher kidney function on lower blood pressure and suggest preventing kidney function decline can reduce the public health burden of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan Grams
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Qi G, Zhang H, Wang X, Wu S, Wang J, Yue H. 177 Effect of dietary choline and Schizochytrium oil on DHA content in the egg yolk and egg quality during storage. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - G Qi
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - S Wu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - H Yue
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu M, Qi G, Wang J, Wu S, Yu H. 188 Effects of dietary supplementation of L-histidine and beta-alanine on growth performance, breast muscle carnosine content and carnosine-related enzyme mRNA expression in broiler chicks. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Hu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - G Qi
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - S Wu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - H Yu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qi G, Chatterjee N. Heritability informed power optimization (HIPO) leads to enhanced detection of genetic associations across multiple traits. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007549. [PMID: 30289880 PMCID: PMC6192650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that pleiotropy is a common phenomenon that can potentially be exploited for enhanced detection of susceptibility loci. We propose heritability informed power optimization (HIPO) for conducting powerful pleiotropic analysis using summary-level association statistics. We find optimal linear combinations of association coefficients across traits that are expected to maximize non-centrality parameter for the underlying test statistics, taking into account estimates of heritability, sample size variations and overlaps across the traits. Simulation studies show that the proposed method has correct type I error, robust to population stratification and leads to desired genome-wide enrichment of association signals. Application of the proposed method to publicly available data for three groups of genetically related traits, lipids (N = 188,577), psychiatric diseases (Ncase = 33,332, Ncontrol = 27,888) and social science traits (N ranging between 161,460 to 298,420 across individual traits) increased the number of genome-wide significant loci by 12%, 200% and 50%, respectively, compared to those found by analysis of individual traits. Evidence of replication is present for many of these loci in subsequent larger studies for individual traits. HIPO can potentially be extended to high-dimensional phenotypes as a way of dimension reduction to maximize power for subsequent genetic association testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Qi G, Park JH, Chatterjee N. Estimation of complex effect-size distributions using summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies across 32 complex traits. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1318-1326. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Su D, Zhu P, Bi X, Qi G, Wu X. Effect of different luteal support schemes on clinical outcome in frozen-thawed embryos transfer cycles. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog2088.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Su D, Zhu P, Bi X, Qi G, Wu X. Effect of different luteal support schemes on clinical outcome in frozen-thawed embryos transfer cycles. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:486-489. [PMID: 29734532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) when using different luteal support schemes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of FET cycles was performed from June 2013 and December 2013. Infertile women, who underwent FET cycles utilizing embryos cryopreserved on day 3 post-insemination following an initial fresh IVF cycle. Patients were divided into three groups according to the luteal support scheme. Grade A (oral administration of progesterone, n=156), Group B (vaginal administration of progesterone, n=345), Group C (dissolved progesterone in oil with intramuscular infection, n=885), and group C was divided into two subgroups according to with (subgroup Cl, n=521) or without (subgroup C2 ,n=364) human chorionic gonadotrophi (hCG) injected intramuscularly. The authors compared patients' characteristics and the pregnancy outcomes of each group. RESULTS There was no difference in the patient characteristics of each group. There was no difference in the implantation rate or clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate among oral, vaginal, and intramuscular progesterone groups. The abortion and ectopic pregnancy rates were not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSION Oral progesterone in the FET cycles is convenient and has similar pregnancy outcomes compared with intramuscular or vaginal administration.
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Marri MJ, Khader MM, Tawfik M, Qi G, Giannelis EP. CO₂ sorption kinetics of scaled-up polyethylenimine-functionalized mesoporous silica sorbent. Langmuir 2015; 31:3569-3576. [PMID: 25764385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two CO2 solid sorbents based on polyethylenimine, PEI (M(n) ∼ 423 and 10K), impregnated into mesoporous silica (MPS) foam prepared in kilogram quantities via a scale-up process were synthesized and systematically characterized by a range of analytical and surface techniques. The mesoporous silica sorbent impregnated with lower molecular weight PEI, PEI-423/MPS, showed higher capacity toward CO2 sorption than the sorbent functionalized with the higher molecular weight PEI (PEI-10K/MPS). On the other hand, PEI-10K/MPS exhibited higher thermal stability than PEI-423/MPS. The kinetics of CO2 adsorption on both PEI/MPS fitted well with a double-exponential model. According to this model CO2 adsorption can be divided into two steps: the first is fast and is attributed to CO2 adsorption on the sorbent surface; the second is slower and can be related to the diffusion of CO2 within and between the mesoporous particles. In contrast, the desorption process obeyed first-order kinetics with activation energies of 64.3 and 140.7 kJ mol(-1) for PEI-423/MPS and PEI-10K/MPS, respectively. These studies suggest that the selection of amine is critical as it affects not only sorbent capacity and stability but also the energy penalty associated with sorbent regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Al-Marri
- †Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - M M Khader
- †Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Tawfik
- †Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - G Qi
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - E P Giannelis
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khader MM, Al-Marri MJ, Ali S, Qi G, Giannelis EP. Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> on Polyethyleneimine 10k—<i>Mesoporous silica</i> Sorbent: XPS and TGA Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.64026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Bio-inspired laminated graphite nanosheets/copper composites with modified mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Wang
- Shanghai Hiwave Advanced Materials Technology Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - W. Liu
- Shanghai Hiwave Advanced Materials Technology Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - L. Chen
- Shanghai Hiwave Advanced Materials Technology Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - C. Mu
- Wenzhou Hongfeng Electrical Alloy Co., Ltd
- Wenzhou 325603
- P. R. China
| | - G. Qi
- Wenzhou Hongfeng Electrical Alloy Co., Ltd
- Wenzhou 325603
- P. R. China
| | - F. Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201204
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tam AMW, Qi G, Srivastava AK, Wang XQ, Fan F, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS. Enhanced performance configuration for fast-switching deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal continuous tunable Lyot filter. Appl Opt 2014; 53:3787-3795. [PMID: 24921146 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.003787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel design configuration of double DHFLC wave plate continuous tunable Lyot filter, which exhibits a rapid response time of 185 μs, while the high-contrast ratio between the passband and stop band is maintained throughout a wide tunable range. A DHFLC tunable filter with a high-contrast ratio is attractive for realizing high-speed optical processing devices, such as multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems, real-time remote sensing, field sequential color display, and wavelength demultiplexing in the metro network. In this work, an experimental prototype for a single-stage DHFLC Lyot filter of this design has been fabricated using photoalignment technology. We have demonstrated that the filter has a continuous tunable range of 30 nm for a blue wavelength, 45 nm for a green wavelength, and more than 50 nm for a red wavelength when the applied voltage gradually increases from 0 to 8 V. Within this tunable range, the contrast ratio of the proposed double wave plate configuration is maintained above 20 with small deviation in the transmittance level. Simulation and experimental results showed the proposed double DHFLC wave plate configuration enhances the contrast ratio of the tunable filter and, thus, increases the tunable range of the filter when compared with the Lyot filter using a single DHFLC wave plate. Moreover, we have proposed a polarization insensitive configuration for which the efficiency of the existing prototype can theoretically be doubled by the use of polarization beam splitters.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Zhao Y, Ma J, Zhang G, Mu Y, Qi G, Fang Z, Wang L, Fan Q, Ma Z. Short Communication The genetic variant rs401681C/T is associated with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese mainland population. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:67-73. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.january.22.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Ren J, Yang M, Qi G, Zheng J, Jia L, Cheng J, Tian C, Li H, Lin X, Du J. Proinflammatory protein CARD9 is essential for infiltration of monocytic fibroblast precursors and cardiac fibrosis caused by Angiotensin II infusion. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:701-7. [PMID: 21436792 PMCID: PMC3139445 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced cardiac remodeling with the underlying mechanisms involving inflammation and fibrosis has been well documented. Cytosolic adaptor caspase recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) has been implicated in the innate immune response. We aimed to examine the role of CARD9 in inflammation and cardiac fibrosis induced by Ang II. Methods Two-month-old CARD9-deficient (CARD9−/−) and wild-type (WT) male mice were infused with Ang II (1,500 ng/kg/min) or saline for 7 days. Heart sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome and examined by immunohistochemistry; and activity and protein levels were measured in macrophages obtained from mice. Results WT mice with Ang II infusion showed a marked increase in CARD9+ macrophages in the heart, but CARD9−/− mice showed significantly suppressed macrophage infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Importantly, Ang II–induced cardiac fibrosis (extracellular matrix and collagen I deposition) was diminished in CARD9−/− hearts, as was the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and level of myofibroblasts positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, Ang II activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in WT macrophages was reduced in CARD9−/− macrophages. Conclusion CARD9 plays an important role in regulating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in response to elevated Ang II.
Collapse
|
23
|
Qi G, Lan N, Ma X, Yu Z, Zhao X. Controlling Myzus persicae with recombinant endophytic fungi Chaetomium globosum expressing Pinellia ternata agglutinin. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1314-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Qi G, Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Zhu F, Chen J, Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhao X. The cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis ZQ-89 encodes a toxin against long-horned beetle adult. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1224-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Kwong W, Neilson AL, Hamilton RM, Chiu CC, Stephenson EA, Gross GJ, Soucie L, Kirsh JA, xian-hui Z, Bao-peng T, Jin-xin L, Yu Z, Yan-yi Z, Jiang-hua Z, Hirahara T, Sugawara Y, Suga C, Ako J, Momomura S, Ardashev AV, Zhelyakov EG, Konev AV, Rybachenko MS, Belenkov YN, Bai R, Di Biase L, Santangeli P, Saenz LC, Verma A, Sanchez J, Tondo C, Natale A, Safari F, Hajizadeh S, Mani A, Khoshbaten A, Foadoddini M, Forush SS, Bayat G, Kim SH, Chong D, Ching CK, Liew R, Galalardin, Khin MW, Teo WS, Chong D, Tan BY, Liew R, Ching CK, Teo WS, Sakamoto T, Al Mehairi M, Al Ghamdi SA, Dagriri K, Al Fagih A, Selvaraj R, Ezhumalai B, Satheesh S, Ajit A, Gobu P, Balachander J, Liu XQ, Zhou X, Yang G, Zhong GZ, Shi L, Tian Y, Li YB, Wang AH, Yang XC, Takenaka S, Ozaki H, Nakamura M, Otsuka M, Tsurumi Y, Nolker G, Gutleben KJ, Ritscher G, Sinha AM, Muntean B, Heintze J, Vogt J, Brachmann J, Horstkotte D, Katsuyuki T, Katsuyuki T, McGrew F, Johnson E, Coppess M, Fan I, Li S, Zhiyu L, Zengzhang L, Xianbin L, Yuehui Y, Min L, Shu-long Z, Dong C, Zhi-tao Z, Xian-jing W, Ying-xue D, Shu-Long Z, Dong C, Zhi-Tao Z, Xian-Jing W, Ying-Xue D, Liu P, Guo JH, Zhang Z, Li J, Liu HG, Zhang HC, Zvereva V, Rillig A, Meyerfeldt U, Jung W, Wei L, Qi G, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Doi A, Satomi K, Nakajima I, Makimoto H, Yokoyama T, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Noda T, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Li Z, Zhao QY, Huang CX, Doi A, Satomi K, Nakajima I, Makimoto H, Yokoyama T, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Noda T, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Min-Seok C, Jeong-Wook P, Young-Woong H, Sung-Eun P, Jae-Sun U, Yong-Seog O, Woo-Seung S, Ji-Hoon K, Seong-Won J, Man-Young L, Tae-Ho R, Uhm JS, Oh YS, Choi MS, Park JW, Ha YW, Park SE, Jang SW, Shin WS, Kim JH, Lee MY, Rho TH, Nielsen JB, Olesen MS, Tango M, Haunso S, Holst AG, Svendsen JH, Poci D, Thogersen AM, Riahi S, Linde P, Edvardsson N, Khoo CW, Krishnamoorthy S, Dwivedi G, Balakrishnan B, Lim HS, Lip GYH, Khoo CW, Krishnamoorthy S, Dwivedi G, Balakrishnan B, Lim HS, Lip GYH, D'Ascia S, D'ascia C, Marino V, Chiariello M, Santulli G, Music L, Anderson K, Benzaquen BS, Saponieri C, Yassin H, Fridman V, Vasavada BC, Turitto G, El-Sherif N, Saponieri C, Prabhu H, Yassin H, Fridman V, Huang Y, Vasavada BC, Turitto G, El-Sherif N, Ortega MC, Sosa ESH, Ugalde AN, Al Jamil A, Abu Siddique M, Haque KMHSS, Suga C, Hirahara T, Sugawara Y, Ako J, Momomura SI, Mlynarski R, Mlynarska A, Ilczuk G, Mlynarski R, Mlynarska A, Wilczek J, Mlynarska A, Mlynarski R, Wilczek J, Mlynarska A, Mlynarski R, Wilczek J, Sosnowski M, Kohno R, Abe H, Nagatomo T, Oginosawa Y, Minamiguchi H, Otsuji Y, Kohno R, Abe H, Minamiguchi H, Oginosawa Y, Nagatomo T, Otsuji Y, Minamiguchi H, Abe H, Kohno R, Oginosawa Y, Otsuji Y, Ekinci S, Yesil M, Bayata S, Vurgun VK, Arikan E, Postaci N, Xiaoqing R, Jielin P, Shu Z, Liang M, Fangzheng W, Takahashi K, Tokano T, Nakazato Y, Doi S, Shiozawa T, Konishi H, Hiki M, Kato Y, Komatsu S, Takahashi S, Kubota N, Tamura H, Suwa S, Ohki M, Katsumata T, Kizu K, Bito F, Sumiyoshi M, Juntendo HD, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Nakajima I, Doi A, Makimoto H, Yukoyama T, Noda T, Satomi K, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Perna F, Leo M, Leccisotti L, Casella M, Pelargonio G, Lago M, Bencardino G, Narducci ML, Russo E, Santangeli P, Giordano A, Bellocci F, Song T, Yang J, Huang C, Zhang J, Huang C, Wu P, Yang J, Song T, Chen Y, Fan X, Wang T, Wang X, Tang Y, Wu P, Huang CX, Zhang J, Fan XR, Chen YJ, Li XW, Yang J, Song T, Chiu CC, Buescher T, Obias-Manno D, Yoo CJ, Huh J, Ortega MC, Nakanishi H, Hirata A, Wada M, Kashiwase K, Okada M, Ueda Y, Su D, Niu XL, Song AQ, Kohno R, Abe H, Minamiguchi H, Oginosawa Y, Nagatomo T, Otsuji Y, Fujii S, Yambe Y, Shiiba K, Sakakibara M, Takenaka S, Watanabe A, Wada T, Koide Y, Ikeda M, Toda H, Hashimoto K, Terasaka R, Nakahama M, Wada T, Watanabe A, Koide Y, Ikeda M, Toda H, Hashimoto K, Terasaka R, Nakahama M, Okada Y, Mizuno H, Ide H, Ueno T, Kogaki S, Ozono K, Nanto S, Statescu C, Bercea R, Sascau RA, Georgescu CA, Ortega MC, Athanas E, Ortega MC, Athanas E, Mironov NY, Bakalov SA, Jarova EA, Rodionova ES, Mironova NA, Kim J, Ahn MS, Han DC, Choo JTL, Chen CK, Tan TH, Ong KK, Kam R, Curnis A, Bontempi L, Coppola G, Cerini M, Vassanelli F, Lipari A, Gennaro F, Pagnoni C, Ashofair N, Cas LD, Gourineni V, Wong KL, Davoudi R, Hamid N, Chong D, Yew TB, Liew R, Keong CC, Siong TW, Fuke E, Shimizu H, Kimura S, Hao K, Watanabe R, Seo JB, Chung WY, Kim SH, Kim MA, Zo ZH, Krishinan S, Skuratova NA, Belyaeva LM, Bae MH, Lee JH, Lee HS, Yang DH, Park HS, Cho Y, Chae SC, Jun JE, Rychkova LV, Dolgikh VV, Zurbanova LV, Zurbanov AV, Aleksanyan A, Matevosyan A, Podosyan G, Zelveian P, Aleksanyan A, Podosyan G, Matevosyan A, Zelveian P, Choi HO, Nam GB, Kim YR, Kim KH, Kim SH, Choi KJ, Kim YH, Pakpahan HAP, Wei D, Qizhu T, Xiaofei Y, Kai G, Siting F, Ji H, Sato A, Tanabe Y, Hayashi Y, Yoshida T, Ito E, Chinushi M, Hasegawa K, Yagihara N, Iijima K, Izumi D, Watanabe H, Furushima H, Aizawa Y, Dong YX, Dong YX, Burnett JC, Chen HH, Sandberg S, Zhang Y, Chen PS, Cha YM, Mlynarski R, Mlynarska A, Wilczek J, Sosnowski M, Zhou XH, Tang BP, Li JX, Zhang Y, Li YD, Zhang JH, Arsenos P, Gatzoulis K, Gialernios T, Dilaveris P, Sideris S, Archontakis S, Tsiachris D, Christodoulos S, Feng Z, Baogui S, Li L, Ming L, Bai R, Di Biase L, Mohanty P, Hesselson AB, De Ruvo E, Gallagher PL, Minati M, Natale LCA, Tomassoni GF, Gan T, Tang B, Xu G, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Hosoda J, Ishikawa T, Matsushita K, Matsumoto K, Kimura Y, Miyamoto M, Sugano T, Ishigami T, Uchino K, Kimura K, Umemura S, Nakajima I, Noda T, Shimizu W, Yokoyama T, Makimoto H, Doi A, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Satomi K, Aiba T, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Nakajima I, Noda T, Shimizu W, Kurita T, Yokoyama T, Makimoto H, Doi A, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Satomi K, Aiba T, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Wang T, Huang CX, Wang T, Huang CX, Ruan L, Zhang C, Cai S, Bai R, Liu N, Ruan Y, Quan X, Kang JK, Kim NY, Park SH, Lee JH, Park HS, Cho Y, Chae SC, Jun JE, Park WH, Sapelnikov OV, Latypov RS, Grishin IR, Mareev YV, Saidova MA, Akchurin RS, Arsenos P, Gatzoulis K, Manis G, Dilaveris P, Archontakis S, Tsiachris D, Mytas D, Papafanis T, Papavasileiou MV, Stefanadis C, Ren LN, Fang XH, Wang YQ, Qi GX, Zeng QX, Zheng ZT, Zhong JQ, Wang YL, Liu HZ, Liu DL, Meng XL, Li JS, Zhang Y, Liu HZ, Zhong JQ, Zeng QX, Liu DL, Meng XL, Li JS, Su GY, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu HZ, Zhong JQ, Zeng QX, Wang YL, Liu DL, Meng XL, Li JS, Su GY, Zhang Y, Li JS, Zhong JQ, Zeng QX, Liu HZ, Su GY, Zhang Y, Li JS, Zhong JQ, Zeng QX, Liu HZ, Meng XL, Liu DL, Su GY, Zhang Y, Li JS, Zhong JQ, Zeng QX, Liu HZ, Meng XL, Liu DL, Su GY, Zhang Y, Nicolson WB, Kundu S, Tyagi N, Meatcher PDS, Yusuf S, Jeilan M, Stafford PJ, Sandilands AJ, Loke I, Ng GA, Nicolson WB, Kundu S, Tyagi N, Meatcher PDS, Yusuf S, Jeilan M, Stafford PJ, Sandilands AJ, Loke I, Ng GA, Solak Y, Gul EE, Atalay H, Abdulhalikov T, Kayrak M, Turk S, Kang JK, Kim NY, Park SH, Lee JH, Park HS, Cho Y, Chae SC, Jun JE, Park WH, Belyaeva LM, Skuratova NA, Pogodina AV, Dolgikh VV, Valjavskaja OV, Zurbanov AV, Chen YX, Luo NS, Wang JF, Zhang S, Ishimaru S, Miyakawa M, Kakinoki R, Tadokoro M, Kitani S, Sugaya T, Nishimura K, Igarashi T, Okabayashi H, Furuya J, Igarashi Y, Igarashi K, Su T, Winlaw D, Chard R, Nicholson I, Sholler G, Lau K, Sun Q, Cheng KP, Cheng R, Hua W, Pu JL, Zhang S, Lim CP, Chan LL, Teo LW, Kwok BWK, Sim DKL, Ching CK, Lim CP, Chan LL, Teo LW, Kwok BWK, Sim DKL, Ching CK, Curnis A, Bontempi L, Cerini M, Lipari A, Vassanelli F, Pagnoni C, Ashofair N, Moneghini D, Cestari R, Cas LD, Al Fagih A, Al Shurafa H, Al Ghamdi S, Dagriri K, Al Khadra A, Iijima K, Chinushi M, Hasegawa K, Yagihara N, Sato A, Izumi D, Watanabe H, Furushima H, Aizawa Y, Furushima H, Chinushi M, Iijima K, Izumi D, Hasegawa K, Yagihara N, Watanabe H, Sato A, Aizawa Y, Agacdiken A, Yalug I, Vural A, Celikyurt U, Ural D, Aker T, Agacdiken A, Yalug I, Vural A, Celikyurt U, Ural D, Aker T, Heintze J, Schloss E, Auricchio A, Zeng C, Sterns L, Farooqi F, Kamdar R, Adhya S, Bayne S, Jackson T, Pollock L, Sterns L, Gall N, Murgatroyd F, Guo Y, Wang Y, Yang T, Zhu P, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Gao W, Gao M. Poster presentation. Europace 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
26
|
Yang H, Dib HH, Zhu M, Qi G, Zhang X. Prices, availability and affordability of essential medicines in rural areas of Hubei Province, China. Health Policy Plan 2009; 25:219-29. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czp056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
27
|
Qi G, Li JT, Ruan QP, Yang J, Su ZX. An optimised, small-scale preparation of high-quality RNA from dry seeds of Davidia involucrata. Phytochem Anal 2009; 20:139-142. [PMID: 19140111 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dormancy of Davidia involucrata seeds normally lasts for an extended period of time and because of this unique property the species is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant dormancy. The use of minimal plant material is desirable for RNA extraction since D. involucrata is a rare plant and it is relatively difficult to collect large amounts of seeds in order to perform molecular biology studies. OBJECTIVE To improve the quality of RNA obtained from seeds of D. involucrata by eliminating the oxidation of polyphenols during extraction and by preventing polysaccharides and other impurities from being extracted. METHODS A previously described method was modified by the addition of 4% (w/v) poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) to the dry seeds during grinding and by adding 5% (v/v) beta-mercaptoethanol and 28% (v/v) ethanol to the extraction buffer. Two further centrifugation steps (5000 and 8000 rpm) were utilised and one-seventh volume of ethanol was incubated with the supernatant at 4 degrees C for 2-3 h prior to the precipitation of RNA. RESULTS Following these modifications, an effective method was established for total RNA extraction from a small amount of dry seeds of D. involucrata. The isolated RNA was shown to have high purity and integrity by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, and was confirmed to be suitable for RT-PCR and the construction of cDNA libraries. CONCLUSION The modified method reduced the amount of seeds required for extraction of total DNA and was beneficial for preserving the endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Sichuan Provincial key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Biological Diversity Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The DNA-packaging pRNA of bacterial virus phi29, which forms dimers and then hexamers, contains two independent tightly self-folded domains. Circularly permuted pRNAs were constructed without impacting pRNA folding. Connecting the pRNA 5'/3' ends with variable sequences did not disturb its folding and function. These unique features, which help prevent two common problems - exonuclease degradation and misfolding in the cell, make pRNA an ideal vector to carry therapeutic RNAs. A pRNA-based vector was designed to carry hammerhead ribozymes that cleave the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polyA signal. The chimeric HBV-targeting ribozyme was connected to the pRNA 5'/3' ends as circularly permuted pRNA. Two cis-cleaving ribozymes were used to flank and process the chimeric ribozyme. The hammerhead ribozyme including its two arms for HBV targeting was able to fold correctly while escorted by the pRNA. The chimeric ribozyme cleaved the polyA signal of HBV mRNA in vitro almost completely. Cell culture studies showed that the chimeric ribozyme was able to enhance the inhibition of HBV replication when compared with the ribozyme not escorted by pRNA, as demonstrated by Northern blot and e-antigen assays. pRNA could also carry another hammerhead ribozyme to cleave other RNA substrate. These findings suggest that pRNA can be used as a vector for imparting stability to ribozymes, antisense, and other therapeutic RNA molecules in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hoeprich
- Department of Pathobiology and Cancer Research Center, Purdue University, west Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qi G, Goloubev MY, DiBianca FA, Samant S. On modelling the kinestatic charge detector for digital radiographic diagnostic and portal imaging. J Med Eng Technol 2002; 26:193-8. [PMID: 12487709 DOI: 10.1080/03091900210142486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The kinestatic charge detection (KCD) principle has been a digital radiography technique for more than a decade. The advances of the KCD technique have gone from diagnostic imaging to portal imaging. However, little work has been done on understanding the selection of key KCD parameters and relationships between them. In the present study, an engineering model was established that could be used to optimize the placements of key parameters in terms of KCD system mechanical design. In the proposed KCD engineering model, the basic energy conservation law was applied to the process of ion transmission. It allows for the computation of the KCD design parameters such as the optimum grid placement, high voltage board tilt angle and grid wire space, as well as to provide recommendations on high voltage board and electric potentials and their ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qi G, Jiang P, Xu H. [Methods for making human sectional specimens]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 24:inside back cover. [PMID: 11938801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
31
|
He B, Zhao M, Qi G. [Activation of transcription factors and induction of cytokines from macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 81:1360-4. [PMID: 11930628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the activation of transcription factors and induction of cytokines from alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Alveolar macrophages were collected by fibrobronchoscopy from 8 patients with chronic bronchitis, 8 patients with COPD, and 8 healthy volunteers. All patients were at stable stage. The macrophages thus collected were cultured and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 micrograms/ml). The IL-8, IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and IL-6 thus produced were measured by ELISA in the supernatant. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF kappa B), activator protein-1 (AP-1), AP-2 and AP-3 were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS The concentration of IL-8 released from macrophages of patients with COPD at stable stage before LPS stimulation was about 3 times higher than that in the healthy control (F = 4.34, P < 0.05). The concentration of IL-8 released from macrophages in patients with COPD was increased further after LPS stimulation in comparison to that in healthy controls(F = 3.56, P < 0.05). The concentration of IL-1 beta and that of TNF alpha released from macrophages of COPD patients were further increased after LPS stimulation (P < 0.05) in the COPD patients, but there was no difference in the concentration of IL-1 beta and between the control and COPD patients before LPS stimulation. The constitutive activity of AP-1 and the activity of NF kappa B induced by LPS were higher in the patients with COPD than in the controls. CONCLUSION The alverlar macrophages of patients with COPD at stable stage may release higher concentration of IL-8 and IL-1 beta. LPS stimulation increases the release of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha of alveolar macrophages. Enhancement of activity of NF kappa B and AP-1 may positively regulate the production of IL-8 and IL-1 beta in the airflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B He
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Qi G, Zhang L, Xie WL, Chen XY, Li JS. Protective effect of gypenosides on DNA and RNA of rat neurons in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:1193-6. [PMID: 11603299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe the protective effect of gypenosides (GP) on the neurons of hippocampus, cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, and dentate gyrus in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats. METHODS Modified 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method was used to establish the model of acute global ischemia. The acridine orange (AO) staining method was used to observe the DNA and RNA contents of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in the areas. RESULTS The fluorescent intensity (reflecting DNA and RNA contents) of the DNA and RNA in the areas of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was markedly abated compared with the normal control group. In the group of ig GP (100 mg/kg) it was enhanced compared with the model group and was the same as the normal control group. CONCLUSION The injury of the DNA and RNA in the areas of ischemia-reperfusion model was decreased by GP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of CPAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This study addresses the visualization of crack locations in bone-cement material using a three-dimensional acoustic emission source location technique. Computer software based on an earthquake location technique was developed to determine AE source locations and was used to investigate material cracks formed at the tip of a notch in bone cement. The computed locations show that the cracks form linear features with dimensions between 0.1 and 0.2 mm although larger linear features (almost 3.5 mm) also are present. There is a difference of about 2.5 mm between the average of the event locations, and the location of the tip of the notch is 2.5 mm, which may be due to the finite size of the sensors (5 mm in diameter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Science 320, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-6576, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This article addresses acoustic emission (AE) wave attenuation in acrylic bone cement and wave attenuation due to the existence of material interface between acrylic bone cement and sawbone. In this article, a series of tests were performed using standard pencil lead break sources. The attenuation features inside acrylic bone cement and sawbone materials and the attenuation due to the existence of material interfaces such as cement-cement and cement-sawbone were studied. In addition, the discrete wavelet-based signal energy decomposition method was introduced to examine detail breakdown of signal energy distribution of attenuation. From the tests, it was observed that the attenuation of AE signal was linear with respect to the wave travel distance for both energy and amplitude. Furthermore, AE energy attenuation was more sensitive than AE amplitude attenuation. In the analysis of attenuation due to material interfaces, the couplant plays a major role in reducing the attenuation at the interfaces. The attenuation at an interface composed by different material is less compared with an interface composed by the same material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-6576, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu C, Chen B, Wang W, Tian Y, Zhao H, Jiang B, Gao B, Qin S, Yue M, Qi G. Detecting residual ischemia and identifying coronary artery disease after myocardial infarction using dobutamine technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:579-83. [PMID: 11776021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate dobutamine technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl nitrile (sestamibi) single-photon emission computed tomography (Dobu-ECT) in detecting residual ischemia and identifying coronary vessel disease after myocardial infarction. METHODS Sixty-two patients with confirmed myocardial infarction were studied with Dobu-ECT at the time of coronary artery angiography. Dobutamine was administered intravenously in incremental rates from 5 to 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 3-minute intervals. At the highest infusion rate, 7.4 x 10(8) Bq 99mTc-MIBI was injected intravenously, and tomographic imaging was performed after one hour. Resting images were taken after 24 hours, with a second dose of 99mTc-MIBI. RESULTS The sensitivity of Dobu-ECT in detecting residual ischemia of myocardial infarction was 76%, which was higher than dobutamine electrocardiography (Dobu-ECG). Regardless of the single-, double- or triple-vessel diseases, Dobu-ECT was superior to Dobu-ECG in identifying residual ischemia (56% vs 4%, 86% vs 27%, 100% vs 47%, P < 0.01, respectively). The incidence of residual ischemia in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy was 67%, lower than patients without thrombolysis (72%) or those with an old myocardial infarction (94%). But the differences were not statistically significant. Dobu-ECT detected only 56% of ischemias in non-infarct related myocardium. Eighty-two percent of all significantly stenosed vessels were detected with Dobu-ECT, and 84% of patients with multivessel disease could be accurately identified. The sensitivity of Dobu-ECT was significantly greater for detecting severe stenosis over moderate stenosis. The sensitivity for detecting stenosis in the right coronary artery was greater than left anterior descending or left circumflex, but its specificity was lower. CONCLUSION Dobu-ECT can identify residual ischemia, as well as its location and extent after myocardial infarction. Dobu-ECT can also accurately detect significantly stenosed vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
CONTEXT As the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic. OBJECTIVE To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control initiatives in China. DESIGN AND SETTING A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item questionnaire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowledge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was administered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through July 1996. PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative random sample of 128766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120298 (93.8%) provided data and were included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas and one third were from urban areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smoking patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey conducted in 1984. RESULTS A total of 41187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, accounting for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points since 1984. Current smoking continues to be prevalent among more men (63%) than women (3.8%). Age at smoking initiation declined by about 3 years for both men and women (from 28 to 25 years). Only a minority of smokers recognized that lung cancer (36%) and heart disease (4%) can be caused by smoking. Of the nonsmokers, 53.5% were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at least 15 minutes per day on more than 1 day per week. Respondents were generally supportive of tobacco control measures. CONCLUSION The high rates of smoking in men found in this study signal an urgent need for smoking prevention and cessation efforts; tobacco control initiatives are needed to maintain or decrease the currently low smoking prevalence in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine and Chinese Association on Smoking and Health, Beijing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Qi G, Zeng D, Liu L, Zhao A, Xu P. [The effects of Xuezhikang on neointimal proliferation and C-myc gene expression after angioplasty in rabbits]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1999; 38:514-6. [PMID: 11798686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Xuezhikang (XZhK) on the neointimal proliferation and C-myc gene expression after angioplasty in rabbits. METHODS Angioplasty for atherosclerotic stenosis of celiac arteries was performed in 30 male white rabbits after being fed with cholesterol-supplemented diet for 8 weeks, which were then randomized to control group, high-cholesterol group and XZhK group. After 4 weeks, the local vessels were collected for morphological observation. C-myc mRNA level was measured with RT-PCR and C-myc protein with immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Morphological observation showed that the neointimal area in the XZhK group were less than the control group (P < 0.05), and that in control group were less than that in the high-cholesterol group (P < 0.05). The levels of C-myc mRNA measured with RT-PCR and the percentage of C-myc protein positive cell by immunohistochemical analysis were lower in the XZhK group than in the control and high-cholesterol group (P < 0.05), The levels in the latter two groups showed no difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION XZhK can inhibit the neointimal proliferation and the expression of C-myc gene after angioplasty in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu Z, Qi G, Zeng Y, Detels R. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among health care workers in China. AIDS Educ Prev 1999; 11:353-363. [PMID: 10494359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess knowledge of AIDS among health professionals in China via a cross-sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire requesting demographic characteristics and basic AIDS knowledge was given to health professionals in 11 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions. Questionnaires were completed by 1,400 of 1,500 (93%) health professionals surveyed. The percentages of correct answers ranged from 3% to 68%. Findings included that public health workers had more knowledge than clinicians; having attended training workshops was not associated with an adequate levels of knowledge; and knowledge differed by professional level and by the geographic region in which they worked. Although most health professionals questioned knew that AIDS is caused by an infectious agents, their knowledge of transmission routes, the "window period" and the length of the incubation period is still inadequate. Thus, health professionals in China urgently need both more training and more effective training. The effectiveness of future HIV/AIDS workshops should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu J, Leng X, Dong N, Qi G, Du R. [Measurement of liver volume and its clinical significance in cirrhotic patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1999; 37:110-2. [PMID: 11829797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether, preoperative measurement of liver volume is of value to the evaluation of tolerance to operation and long-term prognosis in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. METHODS We assessed liver volume in 18 cirrhotics and 31 noncirrhotic controls with 3-dimensional shaded surface display by CT twin. RESULTS The liver volume in controls was positively correlated to the height (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). The average of liver volume in controls was (1 070.68 +/- 227.52) cm(3) and was different from that of cirrhotics (797.02 +/- 135.11) cm(3) (P < 0.05). Liver volume of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension was related to their Child classification. The liver volume of patients in Child C group was significantly smaller than that of patients of Child B group. CONCLUSIONS The patients with smaller liver volume are likely complicated by encephalopathy after shunting procedure. However, the liver volume is not significantly correlated with portal blood flux and portosystemic shunt index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu H, Zhao M, Yao W, Qi G, Zhao C. [The effects of inhaled bronchodilators on central inspiratory drive in patients with COPD]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1999; 22:76-8. [PMID: 11820944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of inhaled bronchodilators on the central inspiratory drive in patients with COPD. METHODS 91 patients with COPD were divided into three groups (A, B, C) randomly. Lung functions and P(0.1) were measured at baseline and 20 min and 60 min after inhalation (A: albuterol; B: iprotropium; C: albuterol + iprotropium). RESULTS P(0.1) decreased after inhalation in all three groups (P < 0.05 approximately 0.001). A positive correlation between DeltaP(0.1) and DeltaFRC was found in the three groups (r = 0.4325 - 0.5230, P < 0.05 approximately 0.01). V(E)/P(0.1) increased in the three groups after inhalation (P < 0.05 approximately 0.005). There was significant improvement of V(E)/P(0.1) in group B and C as compared with that of group A (P < 0.05, P < 0.001); There was a different correlative factor with V(E)/P(0.1) in group B and C. CONCLUSIONS (1) P(0.1) decreased after inhalation, It may be caused by decreased FRC. (2) V(E)/P(0.1) became appropriate after inhalation in all groups; The improvement in group B and C was superior to that of group A. There may be different mechanisms to improve V(E)/P(0.1) by different inhalators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yuan Y, Zhang J, Scanlon KJ, Lu Z, Qi G. Reversion of multidrug resistance in the P-glycoprotein positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7/ADR) by introduction of hammerhead ribozyme. Chin Med Sci J 1998; 13:24-8. [PMID: 11717919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
A hammerhead ribozyme which site-specifically cleaved the GUC position in codon 880 of the mdr1 mRNA was designed. The target site was chosen between the two ATP binding sites, which may be important for the function of the P-Gp as an ATP-dependent pump. A DNA sequence encoding the ribozyme gene was then incorporated into a eukaryotic expression vector (pH beta Apr-1 neo) and transfected into the breast cancer cell line MCF-7/Adr, which is resistant to adriamycin and expresses the MDR phenotype. The ribozyme was stably expressed in the cell line by the RNA dot blotting assay. The result of Northern blot assay showed that the expressed ribozyme could decrease the level of mdr1 mRNA expression by 83.5%; and the expressed ribozyme could inhibit the formation of P-glycoprotein detected by immuno-cytochemistry assay and could reduce the cell's resistance to adriamycin; this means that the resistant cells were 1,000-fold more resistant than the parental cell line (MCF-7), whereas those cell clones that showed ribozyme expression were only 6-fold more resistant than the parental cell line. These results show that a potentially useful tool is at hand which may inactivate MDR1 mRNA and revert the multidrug resistance phenotype.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- RNA, Catalytic/biosynthesis
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510282
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
A collection of clinical data is reported on nonagenarians in comparison to an 'average' population of younger age. The results of these clinical data indicated that a vital physiological basis for long life span probably existed. The basis include a better micro-blood-flow state, a better cardiac, immune (nature killer cell activity), adrenocortical, hepatic and renal function, and a higher level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is suggested that the method, including Chinese traditional medicine, to improve the micro-blood-flow, nature killer cell activity, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and vital organ function may be beneficial for life preservation and aging retarding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y X Ma
- Department of Aging and Antiaging, Shanghai Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou Y, Leng X, Qi G. [Gastric mucosal hemodynamics of prehepatic portal hypertensive rat model]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1997; 77:286-9. [PMID: 9596931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of gastric mucosal hemodynamics and discuss the possible regulatory factors of prehepatic portal hypertensive rat. METHOD Prehepatic portal hypertensive (PHT) rat model was produced by various degree of portal vein constriction, and gastric mucosal hemodynamics was measured by radioactive microsphere technique. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, the student t test, and linear correlation. RESULT The gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly reduced in PHT rats, whereas the blood flow in submucosa, muscular layer prominently increased. The resistance of mucosal vasculature was elevated in PHT rats, however, that of submucosa and muscular layer was decreased remarkably. There was a negative correlation between the gastric mucosal blood flow and portal pressure. CONCLUSION The gastric mucosa of prehepatic portal hypertensive rat model is poorly perfused prominently. It may be due to the increased mucosal vascular resistance and elevated portal pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao Medical College
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou YB, Leng X, Qi G. [Portal-systemic shunting and hemodynamics of prehepatic portal hypertensive rat models]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1997; 35:244-7. [PMID: 10374550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamics and relationship between portal-systemic shunting and portal pressure were measured by radioactive microsphere techniques in 31 rats after various degree portal vein constriction. Prominent hyperdynamic state was present in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats models. Both cardiac output and index were increased, the mean arterial pressure and pripheral resistance were reduced significantly. The total splanchnic blood flow was increased but splanchnic resistance reduced remarkably. Portal-systemic shunting flow was higher. There was a significant positive correlation between them, Y = 26.14 + 5.32X (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). For this reason, elevated systemic and portal venous flow provided main impetus for maintaining portal hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Zhou
- People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qi G, Guo G, Cao Y. [Experimental studies of high frequency jet ventilation improved by enhancing expiratory turbulence]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1996; 76:818-21. [PMID: 9275530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the effect on CO2 elimination during high frequency jet ventilation by enhancing expiratory turbulence. METHODS Nine healthy dogs with steam-induced type I respiratory failure were basically applied with high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), and high frequency two-way jet ventilation (HFTJV), HFJV combined with thoracicoabdominal compression (HFJV+TAC), and HFJV combined with thoracicoabdominal compression-decompression (HFJV+ TACD) randomly for 30 min, respectively. The parameters were determined and the Reynolds numbers (NR) were calculated. RESULTS Reynolds numbers were more than 3000 in all patterns, suggesting that the airflow was turbulent. Expiratory Na was higher. The NR of the latter three patterns was more significantly higher than that of HFJV (P < 0.01). CO2 elimination was 126, 111, 137 ml. min-1 in the latter three patterns, respectively and significant (P < 0.05) or very significant (P < 0.01) compared with 98.0 ml.min-1 in HFJV. Corresponding changes occurred in PaCO2. NO significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSION HFJV combined with inverse jet or thoracicoabdominal compression or decompression on expiratory phase could enhance expiratory turbulence and facilitate CO2 elimination in 9 dogs with steam-induced type I respiratory failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qi G, Zhang L, Li C. [Influence of gypenoside on serum lipoprotein and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemia animals]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1996; 21:562-4 inside back cover. [PMID: 9772651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The result of the study indicates that gypenoside (GP, i.g.) can suppress the rise of serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TRIG) in hyperlipidaemia mice and lower the content of CHO, TRIG and LDL in hyperlipidaemia quails. The study also shows that GP has a protective effect on diffuse lipoidosis in liver and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemia quails, and that GP can lower the lipoprotein levels in hyperlipidaemia animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Qi
- Department of Biochemistry Pharmacology, Beijing Medical University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Qi B, Qi G, Xuo H. [Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect complicated by pulmonary hypertension at high altitude]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1996; 34:267-9. [PMID: 9387699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
103 patients (52 males, 51 females) suffered from ventricular septal defect associated with pulmonary hypertension were operated on under sardiopulmonary bypass from 1981-1995 at high altitude. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 29 years. The ratio of pulmonary systemic arterial pressure was more than 0.91 (0.91 to 1.21). The defects were closed by using dacron patch. The operative mortality was 4.8% among the survivals. 98 patients were followed up for a period from 3 months to 3 years (mean 2.4 years). Excellent results were observed in 93 patients, and good in 4. There was a late death. On account of the improvement in surgical technique, myocardial protection and postoperative care, the result of operation was improved markedly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Qi
- Qinghai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xining
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao M, Qi G, Mu K. [Comparative observation on the relationship between the MEFV and the visual inspection of small airway]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1996; 19:18-21. [PMID: 9275382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the relationship between the MEFV and the visual inspection of small airway. METHODS According to the result on small airway function test (MEFV), the patients were divided into two group: MEFV abnormal group and MEFV normal group. Their bronchus and peripheral airway were observed with bronchofiberscope and ultra-thin bronchofiberscope. The visual appearance of the airways was scored in the light of the presence or absence of erythema, edema, secretions, etc. RESULTS The score of visual appearance observed or bronchitis index (BI) in small airway was 7.7 +/- 0.8 (BI: 3.0 +/- 0.8) and 4.7 +/- 1.6 (BI: 1.5 +/- 0.5) respectively in MEFV abnormal group and in MEFV normal group, namely the score in MEFV abnormal group was significantly higher than that of normal group (P < 0.01). The degree of pathological change in small airway was significantly correlated with the results of V25, V50, r = -0.6271, (P < 0.05) and r = 0.6964, (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION The abnormal of MEFV may reflect inflamative pathological changes of small airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, 3rd Hospital, Beijing Medical University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang Y, Kong Y, Wang Y, Qi G, Lu C. Stable expression of anti-HPV 16 E7-ribozyme in CV-1 cell lines. Chin J Biotechnol 1996; 12:215-20. [PMID: 9187492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The HPV16 (human papilloma virus type 16) E7 gene product, an oncoprotein, has been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer, particularly of cervical cancer. In order to evaluate the effect of suppression of the expression of the E7 gene in CV-1 cells by ribozyme, Rz523 with a transacting ribozyme targeted to the E7 RNA and two processing ribozyme genes at the 5' and 3' flank was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pREP9 under the control of RSV-LTR promoter. The resultant plasmid pRSV-Rz523 was transfected into CV-1 cells by calcium phosphate coprecipitation. The expression of the ribozyme in G418-resistant cells was detected by dot-blot hybridization. Ribozymes stably expressed in the CV-1 cells were at a level of 9.0 pmol per 10(6) cells, in which the active ribozyme molecules were more than 50 fmol per 10(6) cells. The result of RNase protection assay showed that the steady-state level of the E7 RNA fragment in CV-1 cell lines was significantly reduced by about 90% in ribozyme-expressing cells. In contrast, the antisense control plasmid pRSV-AE7 only exhibited about 20%. This result implicated the possibility of reversing the malignant phenotype of cervical cancer by means of suppressing the expression of the E7 gene with ribozyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|