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Lopez-Polin G, Aramberri H, Marques-Marchan J, Weintrub BI, Bolotin KI, Cerdá JI, Asenjo A. High-Power-Density Energy-Harvesting Devices Based on the Anomalous Nernst Effect of Co/Pt Magnetic Multilayers. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:11835-11843. [PMID: 36185812 PMCID: PMC9516660 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is a thermomagnetic phenomenon with potential applications in thermal energy harvesting. While many recent works studied the approaches to increase the ANE coefficient of materials, relatively little effort was devoted to increasing the power supplied by the effect. Here, we demonstrate a nanofabricated device with record power density generated by the ANE. To accomplish this, we fabricate micrometer-sized devices in which the thermal gradient is 3 orders of magnitude higher than conventional macroscopic devices. In addition, we use Co/Pt multilayers, a system characterized by a high ANE thermopower (∼1 μV/K), low electrical resistivity, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. These innovations allow us to obtain power densities of around 13 ± 2 W/cm3. We believe that this design may find uses in harvesting wasted energy, e.g., in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Aramberri
- Materials
Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Kirill I. Bolotin
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge I. Cerdá
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kuang W, Lopez-Polin G, Lee H, Guinea F, Whitehead G, Timokhin I, Berdyugin AI, Kumar RK, Yazyev OV, Walet N, Principi A, Geim AK, Grigorieva IV. Magnetization Signature of Topological Surface States in a Non-Symmorphic Superconductor. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103257. [PMID: 34365697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Superconductors with nontrivial band structure topology represent a class of materials with unconventional and potentially useful properties. Recent years have seen much success in creating artificial hybrid structures exhibiting the main characteristics of 2D topological superconductors. Yet, bulk materials known to combine inherent superconductivity with nontrivial topology remain scarce, largely because distinguishing their central characteristic-the topological surface states-has proved challenging due to a dominant contribution from the superconducting bulk. In this work, a highly anomalous behavior of surface superconductivity in topologically nontrivial 3D superconductor In2 Bi, where the surface states result from its nontrivial band structure, itself a consequence of the non-symmorphic crystal symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling, is reported. In contrast to smoothly decreasing diamagnetic susceptibility above the bulk critical field, Hc2 , as seen in conventional superconductors, a near-perfect, Meissner-like screening of low-frequency magnetic fields well above Hc2 is observed. The enhanced diamagnetism disappears at a new phase transition close to the critical field of surface superconductivity, Hc3 . Using theoretical modeling, the anomalous screening is shown to be consistent with modification of surface superconductivity by the topological surface states. The possibility of detecting signatures of the surface states using macroscopic magnetization provides a new tool for the discovery and identification of topological superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Kuang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Polin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hyungjun Lee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - George Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ivan Timokhin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexey I Berdyugin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roshan Krishna Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oleg V Yazyev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Niels Walet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alessandro Principi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andre K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Griffin E, Mogg L, Hao GP, Kalon G, Bacaksiz C, Lopez-Polin G, Zhou TY, Guarochico V, Cai J, Neumann C, Winter A, Mohn M, Lee JH, Lin J, Kaiser U, Grigorieva IV, Suenaga K, Özyilmaz B, Cheng HM, Ren W, Turchanin A, Peeters FM, Geim AK, Lozada-Hidalgo M. Proton and Li-Ion Permeation through Graphene with Eight-Atom-Ring Defects. ACS Nano 2020; 14:7280-7286. [PMID: 32427466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Defect-free graphene is impermeable to gases and liquids but highly permeable to thermal protons. Atomic-scale defects such as vacancies, grain boundaries, and Stone-Wales defects are predicted to enhance graphene's proton permeability and may even allow small ions through, whereas larger species such as gas molecules should remain blocked. These expectations have so far remained untested in experiment. Here, we show that atomically thin carbon films with a high density of atomic-scale defects continue blocking all molecular transport, but their proton permeability becomes ∼1000 times higher than that of defect-free graphene. Lithium ions can also permeate through such disordered graphene. The enhanced proton and ion permeability is attributed to a high density of eight-carbon-atom rings. The latter pose approximately twice lower energy barriers for incoming protons compared to that of the six-atom rings of graphene and a relatively low barrier of ∼0.6 eV for Li ions. Our findings suggest that disordered graphene could be of interest as membranes and protective barriers in various Li-ion and hydrogen technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Griffin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Mogg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Ping Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gopinadhan Kalon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Cihan Bacaksiz
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Polin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Y Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Victor Guarochico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Junhao Cai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Mohn
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Jong Hak Lee
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Junhao Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Barbaros Özyilmaz
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Hui-Min Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenzhen Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Francois M Peeters
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andre K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Lozada-Hidalgo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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