1
|
Griffin E, Mogg L, Hao GP, Kalon G, Bacaksiz C, Lopez-Polin G, Zhou TY, Guarochico V, Cai J, Neumann C, Winter A, Mohn M, Lee JH, Lin J, Kaiser U, Grigorieva IV, Suenaga K, Özyilmaz B, Cheng HM, Ren W, Turchanin A, Peeters FM, Geim AK, Lozada-Hidalgo M. Proton and Li-Ion Permeation through Graphene with Eight-Atom-Ring Defects. ACS Nano 2020; 14:7280-7286. [PMID: 32427466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Defect-free graphene is impermeable to gases and liquids but highly permeable to thermal protons. Atomic-scale defects such as vacancies, grain boundaries, and Stone-Wales defects are predicted to enhance graphene's proton permeability and may even allow small ions through, whereas larger species such as gas molecules should remain blocked. These expectations have so far remained untested in experiment. Here, we show that atomically thin carbon films with a high density of atomic-scale defects continue blocking all molecular transport, but their proton permeability becomes ∼1000 times higher than that of defect-free graphene. Lithium ions can also permeate through such disordered graphene. The enhanced proton and ion permeability is attributed to a high density of eight-carbon-atom rings. The latter pose approximately twice lower energy barriers for incoming protons compared to that of the six-atom rings of graphene and a relatively low barrier of ∼0.6 eV for Li ions. Our findings suggest that disordered graphene could be of interest as membranes and protective barriers in various Li-ion and hydrogen technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Griffin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Mogg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Ping Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gopinadhan Kalon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Cihan Bacaksiz
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Polin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Y Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Victor Guarochico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Junhao Cai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Mohn
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Jong Hak Lee
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Junhao Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Barbaros Özyilmaz
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Hui-Min Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenzhen Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Francois M Peeters
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andre K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Lozada-Hidalgo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|