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Thomas L, Cuisset L, Papon JF, Tamalet A, Pin I, Abou Taam R, Faucon C, Montantin G, Tissier S, Duquesnoy P, Dastot-Le Moal F, Copin B, Carion N, Louis B, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Siffroi JP, Mitri R, Coste A, Escudier E, Thouvenin G, Amselem S, Legendre M. Skewed X-chromosome inactivation drives the proportion of DNAAF6-defective airway motile cilia and variable expressivity in primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Med Genet 2024:jmg-2023-109700. [PMID: 38408845 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare airway disorder caused by defective motile cilia. Only male patients have been reported with pathogenic mutations in X-linked DNAAF6, which result in the absence of ciliary dynein arms, whereas their heterozygous mothers are supposedly healthy. Our objective was to assess the possible clinical and ciliary consequences of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in these mothers. METHODS XCI patterns of six mothers of male patients with DNAAF6-related PCD were determined by DNA-methylation studies and compared with their clinical phenotype (6/6 mothers), as well as their ciliary phenotype (4/6 mothers), as assessed by immunofluorescence and high-speed videomicroscopy analyses. The mutated X chromosome was tracked to assess the percentage of cells with a normal inactivated DNAAF6 allele. RESULTS The mothers' phenotypes ranged from absence of symptoms to mild/moderate or severe airway phenotypes, closely reflecting their XCI pattern. Analyses of the symptomatic mothers' airway ciliated cells revealed the coexistence of normal cells and cells with immotile cilia lacking dynein arms, whose ratio closely mirrored their XCI pattern. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of searching for heterozygous pathogenic DNAAF6 mutations in all female relatives of male PCD patients with a DNAAF6 defect, as well as in females consulting for mild chronic respiratory symptoms. Our results also demonstrate that about one-third-ranging from 20% to 50%-normal ciliated airway cells sufficed to avoid severe PCD, a result paving the way for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Thomas
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Service de Médecine Génomique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Jean-Francois Papon
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94270, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, CNRS ERL7240, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Aline Tamalet
- Département de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares RespiRare, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Pédiatrie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38500, France
| | - Rola Abou Taam
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Catherine Faucon
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Laboratoire de Microscopie Electronique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Guy Montantin
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
| | - Sylvie Tissier
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
| | | | - Bruno Copin
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
| | - Nathalie Carion
- Service de Médecine Génomique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, CNRS ERL7240, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique chromosomique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique chromosomique, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Rana Mitri
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Laboratoire de Microscopie Electronique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - André Coste
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, CNRS ERL7240, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, F-94010, France
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
| | - Guillaume Thouvenin
- Département de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares RespiRare, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
| | - Marie Legendre
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, France
- Génétique moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, F-75012, Paris
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Thomas L, Bouhouche K, Whitfield M, Thouvenin G, Coste A, Louis B, Szymanski C, Bequignon E, Papon JF, Castelli M, Lemullois M, Dhalluin X, Drouin-Garraud V, Montantin G, Tissier S, Duquesnoy P, Copin B, Dastot F, Couvet S, Barbotin AL, Faucon C, Honore I, Maitre B, Beydon N, Tamalet A, Rives N, Koll F, Escudier E, Tassin AM, Touré A, Mitchell V, Amselem S, Legendre M. TTC12 Loss-of-Function Mutations Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Unveil Distinct Dynein Assembly Mechanisms in Motile Cilia Versus Flagella. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:153-169. [PMID: 31978331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles whose motility relies on the outer and inner dynein arm complexes (ODAs and IDAs). Defects in ODAs and IDAs result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disease characterized by recurrent airway infections and male infertility. PCD mutations in assembly factors have been shown to cause a combined ODA-IDA defect, affecting both cilia and flagella. We identified four loss-of-function mutations in TTC12, which encodes a cytoplasmic protein, in four independent families in which affected individuals displayed a peculiar PCD phenotype characterized by the absence of ODAs and IDAs in sperm flagella, contrasting with the absence of only IDAs in respiratory cilia. Analyses of both primary cells from individuals carrying TTC12 mutations and human differentiated airway cells invalidated for TTC12 by a CRISPR-Cas9 approach revealed an IDA defect restricted to a subset of single-headed IDAs that are different in flagella and cilia, whereas TTC12 depletion in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia recapitulated the sperm phenotype. Overall, our study, which identifies TTC12 as a gene involved in PCD, unveils distinct dynein assembly mechanisms in human motile cilia versus flagella.
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Blanchon S, Legendre M, Bottier M, Tamalet A, Montantin G, Collot N, Faucon C, Dastot F, Copin B, Clement A, Filoche M, Coste A, Amselem S, Escudier E, Papon JF, Louis B. Deep phenotyping, including quantitative ciliary beating parameters, and extensive genotyping in primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Med Genet 2019; 57:237-244. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder resulting in abnormal ciliary motility/structure, extremely heterogeneous at genetic and ultrastructural levels. We aimed, in light of extensive genotyping, to identify specific and quantitative ciliary beating anomalies, according to the ultrastructural phenotype.MethodsWe prospectively included 75 patients with PCD exhibiting the main five ultrastructural phenotypes (n=15/group), screened all corresponding PCD genes and measured quantitative beating parameters by high-speed video-microscopy (HSV).ResultsSixty-eight (91%) patients carried biallelic mutations. Combined outer/inner dynein arms (ODA/IDA) defect induces total ciliary immotility, regardless of the gene involved. ODA defect induces a residual beating with dramatically low ciliary beat frequency (CBF) related to increased recovery stroke and pause durations, especially in case of DNAI1 mutations. IDA defect with microtubular disorganisation induces a low percentage of beating cilia with decreased beating angle and, in case of CCDC39 mutations, a relatively conserved mean CBF with a high maximal CBF. Central complex defect induces nearly normal beating parameters, regardless of the gene involved, and a gyrating motion in a minority of ciliated edges, especially in case of RSPH1 mutations. PCD with normal ultrastructure exhibits heterogeneous HSV values, but mostly an increased CBF with an extremely high maximal CBF.ConclusionQuantitative HSV analysis in PCD objectives beating anomalies associated with specific ciliary ultrastructures and genotypes. It represents a promising approach to guide the molecular analyses towards the best candidate gene(s) to be analysed or to assess the pathogenicity of the numerous sequence variants identified by next-generation-sequencing.
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4
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Mani R, Belkacem S, Soua Z, Chantot S, Montantin G, Tissier S, Copin B, Bouguila J, Rive Le Gouard N, Boughamoura L, Ben Ameur S, Hachicha M, Boussoffara R, Boussetta K, Hammouda S, Bedoui A, Besbes H, Meddeb S, Chraeit K, Khlifa M, Escudier E, Amselem S, Mabrouk I, Legendre M. Primary ciliary dyskinesia gene contribution in Tunisia: Identification of a major Mediterranean allele. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:115-121. [PMID: 31469207 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease of motile cilia. Even though PCD is widely studied, North-African patients have been rarely explored. In this study, we aim at confirming the clinical diagnosis and explore the genetic spectrum of PCD in a cohort of Tunisian patients. Forty clinically diagnosed patients with PCD belonging to 34 families were recruited from Tunisian pediatric departments. In each proband, targeted capture PCD panel sequencing of the 40 PCD genes was performed. PCD panel sequencing identified bi-allelic mutations in 82% of the families in eight PCD genes. Remarkably, 23.5% of patients carried the same c.2190del CCDC39 mutation. Single nucleotide polymorphism profiling in six unrelated patients carrying this mutation has revealed a founder effect in North-African patients. This mutation is estimated to date back at least 1,400-1,750 years ago. The identification of this major allele allowed us to suggest a cost-effective genetic diagnostic strategy in North-African patients with PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mani
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Unité de recherche "Biologie moléculaire des leucémies et lymphomes", UR14ES19, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sabrina Belkacem
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Zohra Soua
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Unité de recherche "Biologie moléculaire des leucémies et lymphomes", UR14ES19, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sandra Chantot
- U.F. de Génétique Chromosomique (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Guy Montantin
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Tissier
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rive Le Gouard
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Khadija Boussetta
- Département de Pédiatrie B, Hôpital d'enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Hammouda
- Département de Pédiatrie B, Hôpital d'enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abir Bedoui
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Habib Besbes
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Seif Meddeb
- Département de Pédiatrie B, Hôpital d'enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Chraeit
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Mohamed Tlatli, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Monia Khlifa
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Régional M'Saken, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Estelle Escudier
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Imed Mabrouk
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Unité de recherche "Biologie moléculaire des leucémies et lymphomes", UR14ES19, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marie Legendre
- INSERM UMR_S933, Sorbonne Université, U.F. de Génétique moléculaire (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
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5
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Blanchon S, Legendre M, Bottier M, Tamalet A, Montantin G, Collot N, Tissier S, Faucon C, Dastot F, Copin B, Clement A, Coste A, Amselem S, Escudier E, Papon JF, Louis B. L’analyse quantitative du mouvement ciliaire permet d’identifier le phénotype ultra-structural des dyskinésies ciliaires primitives. Rev Mal Respir 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Jeanson L, Thomas L, Copin B, Coste A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Dastot-Le Moal F, Duquesnoy P, Montantin G, Collot N, Tissier S, Papon JF, Clement A, Louis B, Escudier E, Amselem S, Legendre M. Mutations in GAS8, a Gene Encoding a Nexin-Dynein Regulatory Complex Subunit, Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Axonemal Disorganization. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:776-85. [PMID: 27120127 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by chronic respiratory infections of the upper and lower airways, hypofertility, and, in approximately half of the cases, situs inversus. This complex phenotype results from defects in motile cilia and sperm flagella. Among the numerous genes involved in PCD, very few-including CCDC39 and CCDC40-carry mutations that lead to a disorganization of ciliary axonemes with microtubule misalignment. Focusing on this particular phenotype, we identified bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in GAS8, a gene that encodes a subunit of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) orthologous to DRC4 of the flagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Unlike the majority of PCD patients, individuals with GAS8 mutations have motile cilia, which, as documented by high-speed videomicroscopy, display a subtle beating pattern defect characterized by slightly reduced bending amplitude. Immunofluorescence studies performed on patients' respiratory cilia revealed that GAS8 is not required for the proper expression of CCDC39 and CCDC40. Rather, mutations in GAS8 affect the subcellular localization of another N-DRC subunit called DRC3. Overall, this study, which identifies GAS8 as a PCD gene, unveils the key importance of the corresponding protein in N-DRC integrity and in the proper alignment of axonemal microtubules in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Jeanson
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Lucie Thomas
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - André Coste
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Intercommunal et Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor - Albert Chenevier, Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker, Service de Pneumo-Allergologie Pédiatrique, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Florence Dastot-Le Moal
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Guy Montantin
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Nathalie Collot
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Sylvie Tissier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Jean-François Papon
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Maxillo-Faciale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Annick Clement
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S955, Equipe 13, Univ Paris Est, Créteil, F-94000, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75012, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Paris, F-75012, France
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7
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Jeanson L, Copin B, Papon JF, Dastot-Le Moal F, Duquesnoy P, Montantin G, Cadranel J, Corvol H, Coste A, Désir J, Souayah A, Kott E, Collot N, Tissier S, Louis B, Tamalet A, de Blic J, Clement A, Escudier E, Amselem S, Legendre M. RSPH3 Mutations Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Central-Complex Defects and a Near Absence of Radial Spokes. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:153-62. [PMID: 26073779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal-recessive condition resulting from structural and/or functional defects of the axoneme in motile cilia and sperm flagella. The great majority of mutations identified so far involve genes whose defects result in dynein-arm anomalies. By contrast, PCD due to CC/RS defects (those in the central complex [CC] and radial spokes [RSs]), which might be difficult to diagnose, remains mostly unexplained. We identified non-ambiguous RSPH3 mutations in 5 of 48 independent families affected by CC/RS defects. RSPH3, whose ortholog in the flagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a RS-stalk protein, is mainly expressed in respiratory and testicular cells. Its protein product, which localizes within the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells, was undetectable in airway cells from an individual with RSPH3 mutations and in whom RSPH23 (a RS-neck protein) and RSPH1 and RSPH4A (RS-head proteins) were found to be still present within cilia. In the case of RSPH3 mutations, high-speed-videomicroscopy analyses revealed the coexistence of immotile cilia and motile cilia with movements of reduced amplitude. A striking feature of the ultrastructural phenotype associated with RSPH3 mutations is the near absence of detectable RSs in all cilia in combination with a variable proportion of cilia with CC defects. Overall, this study shows that RSPH3 mutations contribute to disease in more than 10% of PCD-affected individuals with CC/RS defects, thereby allowing an accurate diagnosis to be made in such cases. It also unveils the key role of RSPH3 in the proper building of RSs and the CC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Jeanson
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jean-François Papon
- INSERM UMR S955, Equipe 13, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94000, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94275, France
| | - Florence Dastot-Le Moal
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France
| | - Guy Montantin
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Service de Pneumologie-Centre Expert Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75020, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75020, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris 75012, France; INSERM UMR S938, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France
| | - André Coste
- INSERM UMR S955, Equipe 13, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94000, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Intercommunal et Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Julie Désir
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Hôpital Erasme, Brussels 1020, Belgium
| | - Anissa Souayah
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels 1020, Belgium
| | - Esther Kott
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nathalie Collot
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Sylvie Tissier
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- INSERM UMR S955, Equipe 13, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Aline Tamalet
- Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jacques de Blic
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Groupe Hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Annick Clement
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France; Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris 75012, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France; Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France; Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France.
| | - Marie Legendre
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris 75012, France; Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
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Kott E, Legendre M, Copin B, Papon JF, Dastot-Le Moal F, Montantin G, Duquesnoy P, Piterboth W, Amram D, Bassinet L, Beucher J, Beydon N, Deneuville E, Houdouin V, Journel H, Just J, Nathan N, Tamalet A, Collot N, Jeanson L, Le Gouez M, Vallette B, Vojtek AM, Epaud R, Coste A, Clement A, Housset B, Louis B, Escudier E, Amselem S. Loss-of-function mutations in RSPH1 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia with central-complex and radial-spoke defects. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:561-70. [PMID: 23993197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal-recessive respiratory disorder resulting from defects of motile cilia. Various axonemal ultrastructural phenotypes have been observed, including one with so-called central-complex (CC) defects, whose molecular basis remains unexplained in most cases. To identify genes involved in this phenotype, whose diagnosis can be particularly difficult to establish, we combined homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous individual with CC defects. This identified a nonsense mutation in RSPH1, a gene whose ortholog in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a radial-spoke (RS)-head protein and is mainly expressed in respiratory and testis cells. Subsequent analyses of RSPH1 identified biallelic mutations in 10 of 48 independent families affected by CC defects. These mutations include splicing defects, as demonstrated by the study of RSPH1 transcripts obtained from airway cells of affected individuals. Wild-type RSPH1 localizes within cilia of airway cells, but we were unable to detect it in an individual with RSPH1 loss-of-function mutations. High-speed-videomicroscopy analyses revealed the coexistence of different ciliary beating patterns-cilia with a normal beat frequency but abnormal motion alongside immotile cilia or cilia with a slowed beat frequency-in each individual. This study shows that this gene is mutated in 20.8% of individuals with CC defects, whose diagnosis could now be improved by molecular screening. RSPH1 mutations thus appear as a major etiology for this PCD phenotype, which in fact includes RS defects, thereby unveiling the importance of RSPH1 in the proper building of CCs and RSs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kott
- INSERM/UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
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Kott E, Duquesnoy P, Copin B, Legendre M, Dastot-Le Moal F, Montantin G, Jeanson L, Tamalet A, Papon JF, Siffroi JP, Rives N, Mitchell V, de Blic J, Coste A, Clement A, Escalier D, Touré A, Escudier E, Amselem S. Loss-of-function mutations in LRRC6, a gene essential for proper axonemal assembly of inner and outer dynein arms, cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:958-64. [PMID: 23122589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a group of autosomal-recessive disorders resulting from cilia and sperm-flagella defects, which lead to respiratory infections and male infertility. Most implicated genes encode structural proteins that participate in the composition of axonemal components, such as dynein arms (DAs), that are essential for ciliary and flagellar movements; they explain the pathology in fewer than half of the affected individuals. We undertook this study to further understand the pathogenesis of PCD due to the absence of both DAs. We identified, via homozygosity mapping, an early frameshift in LRRC6, a gene that encodes a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing protein. Subsequent analyses of this gene mainly expressed in testis and respiratory cells identified biallelic mutations in several independent individuals. The situs inversus observed in two of them supports a key role for LRRC6 in embryonic nodal cilia. Study of native LRRC6 in airway epithelial cells revealed that it localizes to the cytoplasm and within cilia, whereas it is absent from cells with loss-of-function mutations, in which DA protein markers are also missing. These results are consistent with the transmission-electron-microscopy data showing the absence of both DAs in cilia or flagella from individuals with LRRC6 mutations. In spite of structural and functional similarities between LRRC6 and DNAAF1, another LRR-containing protein involved in the same PCD phenotype, the two proteins are not redundant. The evolutionarily conserved LRRC6, therefore, emerges as an additional player in DA assembly, a process that is essential for proper axoneme building and that appears to be much more complex than was previously thought.
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Legendre M, Blanchon S, Copin B, Duquesnoy P, Montantin G, Kott E, Dastot F, Jeanson L, Cachanado M, Rousseau A, Papon JF, Tamalet A, Vojtek AM, Escalier D, Coste A, de Blic J, Clément A, Escudier E, Amselem S. Delineation of CCDC39/CCDC40 mutation spectrum and associated phenotypes in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Cilia 2012. [PMCID: PMC3555958 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-s1-p91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Blanchon S, Legendre M, Copin B, Duquesnoy P, Montantin G, Kott E, Dastot F, Jeanson L, Cachanado M, Rousseau A, Papon JF, Beydon N, Brouard J, Crestani B, Deschildre A, Désir J, Dollfus H, Leheup B, Tamalet A, Thumerelle C, Vojtek AM, Escalier D, Coste A, de Blic J, Clément A, Escudier E, Amselem S. Delineation ofCCDC39/CCDC40mutation spectrum and associated phenotypes in primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Med Genet 2012; 49:410-6. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Duquesnoy P, Escudier E, Vincensini L, Freshour J, Bridoux AM, Coste A, Deschildre A, de Blic J, Legendre M, Montantin G, Tenreiro H, Vojtek AM, Loussert C, Clément A, Escalier D, Bastin P, Mitchell DR, Amselem S. Loss-of-function mutations in the human ortholog of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ODA7 disrupt dynein arm assembly and cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:890-6. [PMID: 19944405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved structures that play various physiological roles in diverse cell types. Defects in motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), the most prominent ciliopathy, characterized by the association of respiratory symptoms, male infertility, and, in nearly 50% of cases, situs inversus. So far, most identified disease-causing mutations involve genes encoding various ciliary components, such those belonging to the dynein arms that are essential for ciliary motion. Following a candidate-gene approach based on data from a mutant strain of the biflagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carrying an ODA7 defect, we identified four families with a PCD phenotype characterized by the absence of both dynein arms and loss-of-function mutations in the human orthologous gene called LRRC50. Functional analyses performed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and in another flagellated protist, Trypanosoma brucei, support a key role for LRRC50, a member of the leucine-rich-repeat superfamily, in cytoplasmic preassembly of dynein arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Duquesnoy
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U.933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
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