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Mourand G, Le Devendec L, Delannoy S, Fach P, Keita A, Amelot M, Jaunet H, Dia MEH, Kempf I. Variations of the Escherichia coli population in the digestive tract of broilers. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:678-688. [PMID: 32835506 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1814201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We explored the between-group and temporal variations in the intestinal Escherichia coli populations of broilers under experimental conditions, taking both antimicrobial resistance and virulence into consideration. Four replicates of 45 commercial chicks were reared in four animal facilities. On their first day of life (Day 0), they were orally inoculated with two extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant (ESCR) E. coli (2.72 log10 CFU of a bla CMY-2- and 2.55 log10 CFU of a bla CTX-M-carrying E. coli). Faecal samples were then collected weekly and caecal samples were obtained from birds sacrificed on Days 21 or 42. The total, ESC-, ciprofloxacin- and gentamicin-resistant E. coli populations were enumerated on MacConkey (MC) and MC-supplemented media, and eight virulence-associated genes (VAGs) (iroN, iutA, iss, ompT, hlyF, vat, frzorf4 , and fyuA) were sought by PCR on isolates obtained on MC agar. The results showed significant between-group differences in the size of the resistant sub-populations and the presence of VAGs. Contrary to bla CTX-M-positive strains, bla CMY-positive strains persisted up to Day 42, but represented only a minor fraction of the total E. coli population. The ESC-, gentamicin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant populations decreased over time. Isolates obtained during the first week contained a mean of 5.1 VAGs. The percentages of some VAG profiles differed between faecal isolates on Day 41 and caecal isolates on Day 42. The fluctuations or differences between E. coli isolates according to group, age, and faecal or caecal origin need to be considered when designing experimental protocols and seeking to improve colibacillosis control. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Temporal variations in the intestinal E. coli populations of broilers was studied. The antibiotic-resistant populations decreased over time. Virulence profiles differed between faecal isolates on Day 41 and caecal isolates on Day 42. Strains with the highest numbers of virulence genes were present during the first days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Mourand
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Zoopôle les croix, Ploufragan, France
| | - Laëtitia Le Devendec
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Zoopôle les croix, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety Food Research Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety Food Research Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alassane Keita
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Zoopôle les croix, Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Zoopôle les croix, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Zoopôle les croix, Ploufragan, France
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Mourand G, Andraud M, Jouy E, Chauvin C, Le Devendec L, Paboeuf F, Kempf I. Impact of colistin administered before or after inoculation on the transmission of a mcr-1 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain between pigs. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:164-170. [PMID: 30827384 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance associated with plasmidic resistance genes is a serious public health issue. We aimed at studying the transmission of an mcr-1 colistin- and rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli strain between inoculated pigs and sentinels in different controlled conditions. Three groups of four pigs were bred in separated animal rooms and inoculated on Day 0 (D0). In each inoculated group, six contact pigs were introduced on D2. The first inoculated-and-contact group was left untreated. The ten pigs in the second inoculated-and-contact group received colistin (100 000 IU/kg) before inoculation or contact (D-7 to D-5), simulating prophylactic administration. Pigs in the third inoculated-and-contact group were treated just after inoculation or before transfer (D0 to D2), simulating metaphylactic administration. Faecal samples were regularly collected and segments of intestinal tracts were obtained at necropsy, on D20-D22. Samples were cultured on rifampicin-supplemented media, and PCR was used to detect the mcr-1 gene. The kinetics of infection, based on culture results, were analysed using an SIR model. The inoculated strain was detected in all inoculated and contact pigs. The SIR model showed that one infected pig could transmit the resistant bacteria to one susceptible individual in less than 3 h on average. Prophylactic administration significantly enhanced the transmission rate and resulted in more samples containing the mcr-1 resistance gene at necropsy. No effect of metaphylactic administration could be detected on the transmission rate, nor on the carriage of the resistant strain. Our study confirms that colistin should not be used in a prophylactic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Mourand
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Laetitia Le Devendec
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Frederic Paboeuf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France.
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Guyard-Nicodème M, Rivoal K, Houard E, Rose V, Quesne S, Mourand G, Rouxel S, Kempf I, Guillier L, Gauchard F, Chemaly M. Prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in French retail outlets. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mourand G, Jouy E, Bougeard S, Dheilly A, Kérouanton A, Zeitouni S, Kempf I. Experimental study of the impact of antimicrobial treatments on Campylobacter, Enterococcus and PCR-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles of the gut microbiota of chickens. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1552-1560. [PMID: 25142966 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.074476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the impact of antimicrobial treatments on the susceptibility of Campylobacter, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, and on the diversity of broiler microbiota. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were first orally inoculated with strains of Campylobacter and Enterococcus faecium. Birds were then orally treated with recommended doses of oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim, amoxicillin or enrofloxacin. Faecal samples were collected before, during and after antimicrobial treatment. The susceptibility of Campylobacter, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated on supplemented or non-supplemented media was studied and PCR-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) profiles of the gut microbiota were analysed. Enrofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter were selected in the enrofloxacin-treated group and showed the Thr86Ile mutation in the gyrA gene. Acquisition of the tetO gene in Campylobacter coli isolates was significantly more frequent in birds given oxytetracycline. No impact of amoxicillin treatment on the susceptibility of Campylobacter could be detected. Ampicillin- and sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim-resistant Enterococcus faecium were selected in amoxicillin-treated broilers, but no selection of the inoculated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium could be detected, although it was also resistant to tetracycline and sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim. PCR-CE-SSCP revealed significant variations in a few peaks in treated birds as compared with non-treated chickens. In conclusion, antimicrobial treatments perturbed chicken gut microbiota, and certain antimicrobial treatments selected or co-selected resistant strains of Campylobacter and Enterococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Mourand
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alexandra Dheilly
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kérouanton
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Salman Zeitouni
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.,ANSES, Ploufragan Laboratory, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Kempf I, Le Roux A, Perrin-Guyomard A, Mourand G, Le Devendec L, Bougeard S, Richez P, Le Pottier G, Eterradossi N. Effect of in-feed paromomycin supplementation on antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacteria in turkeys. Vet J 2013; 198:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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