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Geyer M, D’Agosto S, Lanz H, Corbo V, Joore J, Queiroz K. 236P A novel microfluidic platform for understanding the role of PDAC stroma in immune response. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Paternoster S, Nicolas A, Schavemaker F, Rabussier G, Trietsch S, Lanz H, Vulto P. LP-46 Organ-on-a-chip meets high throughput screening: measuring trans endothelial electrical resistance. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Lermant A, Rabussier G, Sneddon C, Kerr J, Lanz H, Murdoch CE. S-glutathionylation, a redox switch disrupting angiogenic balance to promote the preeclampsia phenotype. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Elevation of circulating anti-angiogenic factors is pivotal in the development of the preeclampsia (PE) phenotype of incomplete vascular remodelling, hypertension and kidney dysfunction during pregnancy. Oxidative stress is explicitly linked to PE with high levels measurable in the placenta. Yet antioxidant therapy has failed, in some cases worsening pregnancy outcomes. The modulation of protein activity by reversible oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) under low levels of reactive oxygen species is emerging as an important “redox-switch” mechanism in cardiovascular diseases, although oxPTM have not been investigated in the context of PE. Of significance, S-glutathionylation is a common oxPTM which reversal by glutaredoxin (Grx) is predominant in preeclamptic placenta and was associated with attenuated revascularisation and sFlt-1 elevation in mice.
Purpose
We aimed to identify the molecular basis for how S-glutathionylation reversal by Grx may contribute to pregnancy-induced vascular complications by modulating angiogenic signalling at the maternofoetal interface.
Methods
We combined physiological in vivo assessment with bioinformatics proteomic analysis and exon-level microarray to investigate the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of PE phenotype. In vitro studies using primary endothelial cells (EC) and iPS-derived trophoblasts investigated the effects of oxPTM reversal on angiogenic signalling in individual placental cell types and the functional consequences were assessed in 3D models replicating early-pregnancy events.
Results
Overexpressing Grx transgenic mice (TG) developed gestational hypertension, kidney dysfunction and elevated plasma levels of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1 compared to their littermate controls (WT) during timed pregnancy. Grx-mediated oxPTM reversal in EC disrupted angiogenic sprouting and promoted anti-angiogenic signals by increasing sFlt-1:PlGF ratio and decreasing endoglin levels. The rise in sFlt-1 was associated with an isoform switch promoting sFlt-e15a over sFlt-i13. In trophoblasts, Grx overexpression inhibited migration and syncytialisation and modulated angiogenic balance in a cell type-specific manner. The sFlt1-e15a:PlGF ratio was increased in syncytiotrophoblasts and decreased in extra-villous trophoblasts, while endoglin expression was decreased in both cell types. A genome-wide exon-level profiling of TG vs WT mice placenta revealed a global alteration of alternative splicing events.
Conclusion
Grx-mediated removal of oxPTM directly disrupts placental angiogenic balance via dysregulation of sFlt-1 isoforms, which may promote the PE phenotype of impaired vascular remodelling, hypertension and kidney dysfunction during pregnancy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Horizon 2020 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (iPLACENTA)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lermant
- University of Dundee, Systems Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Sneddon
- University of Dundee, Systems Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - J Kerr
- University of Dundee, Systems Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - H Lanz
- MIMETAS, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - C E Murdoch
- University of Dundee, Systems Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Oyama K, Giugliano R, Berg D, Ruff C, Tang M, Murphy S, Lanz H, Grosso M, Antman E, Braunwald E, Morrow D. Serial measurement of biomarkers and the risk of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have progressive cardiac structural changes that may be manifest by biomarkers of myocardial injury and hemodynamic stress. Baseline values of hsTnT (high-sensitivity troponin T), and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) are associated with stroke risk and GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) is associated with bleeding risk in patients with AF. However, the variability of these biomarkers over time and their associations with stroke or systemic embolism events (S/SEE) and bleeding in patients with AF remain unclear.
Purpose
We examined whether patients with AF demonstrate detectable changes in these biomarkers over 12 months and whether such changes from baseline to 12 months are associated with the subsequent risk of S/SEE (hsTnT, NT-proBNP) and bleeding (GDF-15).
Methods
ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 was a multinational randomized trial of the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS2 score ≥2. We performed a nested prospective biomarker study in 6062 patients, analyzing hsTnT, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 at baseline and 12 months. Event rates were estimated and displayed with annualized event rates after 12 months.
Results
Of 6062 patients, hsTnT was dynamic in 46.9% (≥2 ng/L change), NT-proBNP in 51.9% (≥200 pg/L change), GDF-15 in 45.6% (≥300 pg/L change) between baseline and 12 months. In addition, 7.7% in hsTnT shifted from low->high categories, 9.4% in NT-proBNP from low->high, 10.6% in GDF-15 from low->high over 12 months (Figure). Elevated hsTnT (≥14 ng/L) and NT-proBNP (≥900 pg/L) either at baseline or at 12 months were independently associated with higher rates of subsequent S/SEE, and elevated GDF-15 (≥1800 pg/L) either at baseline or at 12 months were independently associated with higher rates of subsequent bleeding (P<0.001 for each). In a Cox regression model, the absolute changes in log2-transformed hsTnT and NT-proBNP were associated with increased risk of S/SEE (adj-HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.38–2.23; p<0.001, and adj-HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11–1.55; p=0.002, respectively) and log2-transformed GDF-15 with bleeding (adj-HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04–1.92; p=0.025). Analyzed in a categorical manner (Figure), patients who increased hsTnT or NT-proBNP between baseline and 12 months or had high hsTnT or NT-proBNP at both timepoints were at higher risk for S/SEE (adj-HR 1.87 and 1.50 for hsTnT; adj-HR 1.80 and 2.59 for NT-proBNP, respectively). Patients with persistently elevated GDF-15 appeared to be at higher risk for bleeding (adj-HR,1.35) (Figure).
Conclusions
Serial assessment of hsTnT, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 revealed a substantial proportion of patients with AF had dynamic values. Patients with either persistently elevated or dynamic values were at higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Those biomarkers may play a role in personalizing preventive strategies in patients with AF based on risk.
Change in biomarkers and event rate
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oyama
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - R Giugliano
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - D Berg
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - C Ruff
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Tang
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Murphy
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - H Lanz
- Daiichi Sankyo, Munich, Germany
| | - M Grosso
- Daiichi Sankyo, Basking Ridge, United States of America
| | - E Antman
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - D Morrow
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, United States of America
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Boriani G, Ruff CT, Kuder JF, Shi M, Lanz H, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Giugliano RP. 460Edoxaban versus warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with low, mid and high body weight: analysis of outcomes in the engage AF TIMI 48 trial. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The impact on outcomes of oral anticoagulants in pts at extremes of body weight have not been well-characterized.
Aim
To analyse the outcomes of pts with atrial fibrillation (AF) enrolled in ENGAGE AF-TMI 48 randomized to warfarin (W) targeting INR 2.0–3.0, higher (HDE) or lower dose regimens of edoxaban (LDE), focusing on subgroups of patients at the extremes of weight.
Methods and results
Among 21105 pts enrolled in the trial we identified 3 subgroups: 1082 with low body weight (LBW) (<5th percentile, <55kg), 2153 with mid body weight (MBW) (45–55th percentile, 80–84 kg), and 1093 patients with high body weight (HBE) (>95th percentile, >120 kg). Baseline characteristics differed markedly (LWB pts were older and more likely Asian, women, with prior TIA/stroke, renal dysfunction) resulting in a trend towards higher rates of stroke/systemic embolism (SSE: 6.5% vs 4.7% in MBW vs 1.6% in HBW) and major bleeding (MB: 9.3% vs 7.7% in MBW vs 6.5% in HBW) in the warfarin arm. The risks of SSE (Pint = 0.52) were similar between W and HDE regardless of body weight, while the relative reduction in MB was greatest in LBW patients (HR reduction45%, 23%, 1% across weight groups; Pint = 0.35) (Figure). Net clinical outcomes (SEE/major bleeding/death) tended to be most favourable for LBW pts (HR 0.67 [0.50–0.90]; Pint 0.084) (Figure).
Main outcomes during follow up
Conclusions
In ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 the profile of AF pts with LBW markedly differed suggesting a more fragile clinical status. Use of dose-adjusted edoxaban, as compared to W, was associated with similar efficacy regardless of weight, while bleeding and net outcomes were most favourable in LBW pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boriani
- University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C T Ruff
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, TIMI Study Group, Boston, United States of America
| | - J F Kuder
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, TIMI Study Group, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Shi
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ, United States of America
| | - H Lanz
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - E M Antman
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, TIMI Study Group, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, TIMI Study Group, Boston, United States of America
| | - R P Giugliano
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, TIMI Study Group, Boston, United States of America
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Steffel J, Ruff C, Braunwald E, Hamershock R, Murphy S, Nieminen M, Lanz H, Mercury M, Peterson N, Antman E, Giugliano R. P4808Edoxaban and implantable cardiac device interventions - Insights from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Steffel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Ruff
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - R Hamershock
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Murphy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Nieminen
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Lanz
- Daiichi-Sankyo Europe, Munich, Germany
| | - M Mercury
- Daiichi-Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, United States of America
| | - N Peterson
- Daiichi-Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, United States of America
| | - E Antman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - R Giugliano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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7
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Hamershock R, De Caterina R, Antman E, Murphy S, Ruff C, Rutman H, Mercuri M, Lanz H, Braunwald E, Giugliano R. P285Comparison of analysis methodologies for net outcome with edoxaban vs warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hamershock
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - E Antman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Murphy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - C Ruff
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - H Rutman
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, United States of America
| | - M Mercuri
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, United States of America
| | - H Lanz
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, United States of America
| | - E Braunwald
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - R Giugliano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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8
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Lanz H, Saleh A, Kramer B, Vught RV, Cairns J, Yu J, Joore J, Vulto P, Weinshilboum R, Wang L. PO-048 Therapy response testing using a 3d perfused microfluidic platform. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Queiroz K, Habani Y, Lanz H, Pierson T, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, Joore J. PO-449 3D glioma-on-a-chip models for personalised medicine in organoplates®. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Kramer B, Paassen WV, Haan LD, Vught RV, Lanz H, Joore J. PO-421 A novel high-throughput drug screening platform using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma derived organoids in the organoplate®. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Wehrschuetz M, Bisail B, Woltsche M, Schwarz T, Lanz H, Sorantin E, Aigner RM, Prager E. Comparison of 18F-FDG and 67Ga-citrate in sarcoidosis imaging. Nuklearmedizin 2018; 47:18-23. [DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAim: 67Ga citrate has been used long and successfully to diagnose and stage sarcoidosis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has been suggested as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for sarcoidosis imaging. This study aimed to analyze possible advantages of 18F-FDG-PET over 67Ga citrate scintigraphy during the primary assessment of patients with sarcoidosis. Patients and methods: Twentyfour patients (11 men, 13 women, aged 52 years ±12.4) with histologically proven sarcoidosis were investigated with 18F-FDG and 67Ga citrate. Equipment included a fullring PET scanner (ECAT EXACT HR+, Siemens/CTI, Knoxville TN, USA) and a double-headed gamma camera (ECAM, Siemens, Illinois, USA) for scintigraphy. The mean time difference between the two studies was 6.5 days (range: 5–8 days). Results: There was a significant difference in the detection of pulmonary and nonpulmonary sarcoidosis lesions between planar 67Ga citrate scans and 18F-FDG-PET images (<0.0021). A total of 64 lesions were detected with 67Ga citrate scans in the thorax and elsewhere with a mean of 2.6 lesions (4%) per patient, while 85 lesions were found with 18F-FDG-PET, with a mean of 3.5 lesions (4.1%) per patient. There was complete agreement between 18F-FDG and 67Ga citrate in thoracic manifestations in four (16.6%) patients, and in non-thoracic manifestations in five (20.8%) patients. The interobserver variability showed a kappa value of 0.79. Conclusion: 67Ga citrate and 18F-FDG are useful tracers for diagnostic evaluation of thoracic sarcoidosis. 18F-FDG seems to be more suitable for imaging the mediastinum, the bi-hilar lymph nodes, the posterior regions of the lungs and non-thoracic lesions. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of both tracers in early diagnosis and staging of sarcoidosis, and to resolve questions concerning medical treatment and follow-up.
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De Groot J, Ruff C, Murphy S, Oude Ophuis A, Grip L, Antman E, Lanz H, Mercuri M, Braunwald E, Giugliano R. 5719Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation in relation to stroke risk. A subanalysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Vormann M, Trietsch S, Vught R, Joore J, Vulto P, Lanz H. High-throughput microfluidic platform for culture of 3D kidney tissue models. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cabrera-Romo S, Max Ramirez C, Recio-Tótoro B, Tolentino-Chi J, Lanz H, Del Ángel RM, Sánchez-Cordero V, Rodríguez-Moreno Á, Ludert JE. No Evidence of Dengue Virus Infections in Several Species of Bats Captured in Central and Southern Mexico. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:579-583. [PMID: 27357156 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for viruses with zoonotic potential in the Americas, and scattered evidence exists suggesting that bats may act as reservoirs for dengue virus (DENV). To explore further the role of bats as part of DENV sylvatic cycles, 240 bats of 18 species were captured in 2 states of Mexico with contrasting ecological characteristics but concurrent DENV activity in humans. RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from liver or spleen tissue from de bats failed to show evidence for the presence of DENV nucleic acids in these organs. In addition, plasma assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test showed no evidence of neutralizing anti-DENV antibodies. These results suggest that American bats may not be reservoirs or amplification host for DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cabrera-Romo
- Department of infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
| | | | - B Recio-Tótoro
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases (CISEI), National Institute of Public Health, (INSP) Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - H Lanz
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases (CISEI), National Institute of Public Health, (INSP) Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - R M Del Ángel
- Department of infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
| | - V Sánchez-Cordero
- Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Á Rodríguez-Moreno
- Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J E Ludert
- Department of infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
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Pretot R, Weston A, Wegner I, Wilmer M, Nieskesn T, Vulto P, Joore J, Lanz H, Masereeuw R, Suter-Dick L. High throughput in vitro system for nephrotoxicity testing. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Zimmerman R, Peng DJ, Lanz H, Zhang YH, Danen-Van Oorschot A, Qu S, Backendorf C, Noteborn M. PP2A inactivation is a crucial step in triggering apoptin-induced tumor-selective cell killing. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e291. [PMID: 22476099 PMCID: PMC3358009 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptin (apoptosis-inducing protein) harbors tumor-selective characteristics making it a potential safe and effective anticancer agent. Apoptin becomes phosphorylated and induces apoptosis in a large panel of human tumor but not normal cells. Here, we used an in vitro oncogenic transformation assay to explore minimal cellular factors required for the activation of apoptin. Flag-apoptin was introduced into normal fibroblasts together with the transforming SV40 large T antigen (SV40 LT) and SV40 small t antigen (SV40 ST) antigens. We found that nuclear expression of SV40 ST in normal cells was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of apoptin. Mutational analysis showed that mutations disrupting the binding of ST to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) counteracted this effect. Knockdown of the ST-interacting PP2A-B56γ subunit in normal fibroblasts mimicked the effect of nuclear ST expression, resulting in induction of apoptin phosphorylation. The same effect was observed upon downregulation of the PP2A-B56δ subunit, which is targeted by protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptin interacts with the PKA-associating protein BCA3/AKIP1, and inhibition of PKA in tumor cells by treatment with H89 increased the phosphorylation of apoptin, whereas the PKA activator cAMP partially reduced it. We infer that inactivation of PP2A, in particular, of the B56γ and B56δ subunits is a crucial step in triggering apoptin-induced tumor-selective cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D-J Peng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Lanz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y-H Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Danen-Van Oorschot
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C Backendorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Noteborn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Rodríguez MC, Margos G, Compton H, Ku M, Lanz H, Rodríguez MH, Sinden RE. Plasmodium berghei: routine production of pure gametocytes, extracellular gametes, zygotes, and ookinetes. Exp Parasitol 2002; 101:73-6. [PMID: 12243741 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(02)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Rodríguez
- Infection and Immunity Section, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Biology, Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Alarcón de Noya B, Colmenares C, Lanz H, Caracciolo MA, Losada S, Noya O. Schistosoma mansoni: immunodiagnosis is improved by sodium metaperiodate which reduces cross-reactivity due to glycosylated epitopes of soluble egg antigen. Exp Parasitol 2000; 95:106-12. [PMID: 10910711 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ELISA with soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma mansoni is widely used in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but cross-reactivity with other intestinal helminths, overestimating the true prevalence, represents a great limitation. The role of glycoproteins of SEA in cross-reactions was investigated. SEA was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate (SMP) in ELISA and immunoblot. One hundred schistosomiasis-negative individuals sera were submitted to SMP-ELISA improving the specificity from 73% without SMP treatment to 97% with SMP. On the other hand, 94 S. mansoni-positive sera were evaluated showing that 99% were positive in ELISA either with or without SMP treatment, indicating the maintenance of high sensitivity under SMP treatment. By immunoblot, 24 sera from persons with schistosomiasis and 10 sera from schistosomiasis-free persons were assayed under reducing and nonreducing conditions with or without SMP, looking for specific infection markers and cross-reactivity markers. Reactivity from positive sera showed that specific molecules were mainly low-molecular-mass antigens and seem to have predominant proteic epitopes. The unspecific molecules reacting with some schistosomiasis-negative individuals harboring other intestinal parasites (false-positive sera) were mostly larger than 60 kDa and seemed to be basically glycosylated. Glycosylated epitopes have an important role in cross-reaction and SMP can successfully be used to reduce the false reactivity of SEA with no decrease in sensitivity, especially in ELISA as an immunodiagnostic screening surveillance method, which is useful in areas of low schistosomiasis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alarcón de Noya
- Escuela de Medicina "Luis Razetti", Seción de Biohelmintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Ciudad Universitaria, Dto. Federal, Caracas, Apartado 47623, jZona Postal 1041-A, Venezuela
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Hernández S, Lanz H, Rodríguez MH, Torres JA, Martínez-Palomo A, Tsutsumi V. Morphological and cytochemical characterization of female Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) hemocytes. J Med Entomol 1999; 36:426-434. [PMID: 10467768 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/36.4.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes of 2- to 3-d-old female Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann are described by morphology, cytochemistry, and functional criteria. Supplemented Grace's insect medium in a modified Foley's perfusion method was used to obtain hemolymph from An. albimanus. Morphological analysis indicated 3 types of hemocytes were present, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granular cells. Prohemocytes were small round cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Plasmatocytes were the most abundant cell types in the hemolymph, and appeared as small to large and spindle-shaped cells with round or elongate nucleus, variable number of vacuoles, small granules, and pseudopodia. Granular cells were small to large and round with a large number of cytoplasmic granules, vacuoles, and numerous filopodia. Ultrastructurally, prohemocytes were undifferentiated with abundant free ribosomes and with few small electron-dense granules. Plasmatocytes were rich in mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, small electron-dense granules, numerous peripheral vacuoles and with an important organelle polarization. Granular cells contained numerous large electron-dense granular inclusions and vacuoles. Cytochemical studies showed that plasmatocytes and granular cells have cationic bactericidal proteins. Only granular cells showed phenoloxidase and probably lysosomal activities. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that both plasmatocytes and granular cells were able to attach to glass slides, and only plasmatocyte had phagocytic activity and motility. These results characterize the hemocytes of An. albimanus and suggest that plasmatocytes and granular cells may have a role in defense responses to foreign organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hernández
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, I.P.N, Mexico D.F., Mexico
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Lanz H, Hernández S, Garrido-Guerrero E, Tsutsumi V, Aréchiga H. Prophenoloxidase system activation in the crayfish Procambarus clarki. Dev Comp Immunol 1993; 17:399-406. [PMID: 8270092 DOI: 10.1016/0145-305x(93)90031-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The prophenoloxidase system (proPO) was studied in primary cultures of hemocytes of the crayfish Procambarus clarki. Both zymosan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) separately induced rapid degranulation and lysis of semigranular hemocytes, with concurrent release of proPO. ProPO could be demonstrated in the hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) obtained by a freeze/thaw method, and was specifically activated by LPS and zymosan. Phenoloxidase activity was blocked by serine protease inhibitors, such as soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), leupeptin, and phenylmethyl-sulphonylfluoride (PMSF), and substantially increased by cysteine protease inhibitors (N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, and iodoacetamide). This enhancement was observed only when the proPO system was activated. Incubation without activators or preincubation with STI prevented the induced enhancement. Electrophoretic analyses of HLS treated with zymosan or LPS showed that three bands at 41, 39, and 37 kDa were specifically modified when the system was activated. These results suggest that a serine protease is involved in the activation of the proPO system in P. clarki, and a mechanism susceptible to cysteine protease inhibitors could be related to its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lanz
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, I.P.N. México, D.F., México
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Abstract
Morphological and cytochemical analysis of Procambarus clarki hemocytes demonstrated three cell types: hyaline, semigranular, and granular. Hyaline cells showed a higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio with few small electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm. Semigranular cells presented numerous round or oval eosinophilic granules (0.40-0.78 micron). Granular cell contained large eosinophilic granules (1.79-3.05 microns). Ultrastructurally, all cells showed microtubules near the borders, a poorly developed Golgi complex, and secretory-type electron-dense particles. No mitotic figures were seen. Cell monolayers showed three morphologically distinct cell types (composed of flattened and well-spread cells) depending on the presence and size of granules (hyaline, semigranular, and granular). No sex-related differences could be documented in cell features or proportions. Cytochemical studies showed that the three cell types were positive for acid phosphatase. Granular and semigranular cells were also positive for nonspecific esterase. Phenoloxidase activity was localized only in granular and semigranular hemocytes, and peroxidase activity was observed only in the granular hemocytes. These results may suggest that the semigranular and granular hemocytes participate in the prophenoloxidase system and also in phagocytic or cytotoxic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lanz
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, I.P.N. México D.F., México
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Lanz H. [Veterinary education, the occupational concept of a veterinarian and the future]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1969; 111:81-91. [PMID: 5815461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lanz H. [The veterinary profession--development trends and prospects]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1968; 110:98-102. [PMID: 5686211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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