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Prabhakar H, Rath GP, Bithal PK, Suri A, Dash H. Variations in Cerebral Haemodynamics during Irrigation Phase in Neuroendoscopic Procedures. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 35:209-12. [PMID: 17444310 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0703500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Not many centres measure intracranial pressure during an endoscopic procedure. However, if the irrigation fluid during endoscopy is not simultaneously drained, then some rise in intracranial pressure can be anticipated. This study was carried out to measure and monitor changes in intracranial pressure during the irrigation phase in a neuroendoscopic procedure using a Codman catheter placed in the parenchyma. Intracranial pressure was monitored in 13 patients undergoing surgical neuroendoscopic procedures under a standardised anaesthetic technique. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were recorded at baseline and during the irrigation phase of the procedure. The heart rate during irrigation was comparable to baseline values, but the mean arterial pressure at the time of irrigation increased an average of 7 mmHg (P =0.02). At the same time there was an average 34 mmHg increase in intracranial pressure (P <0.001), producing an average 26 mmHg decrease in the cerebral perfusion pressure (P <0.001) during irrigation. There was an average of four episodes of raised intracranial pressure (> 25 mmHg) during the irrigation phase per patient. We suggest that the intracranial pressure be routinely monitored during neuroendoscopic procedures. Only then can the potential adverse effect of irrigation on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Banik S, Rath GP, Sinha S, Prabhakar H, Bithal PK. Abstract PR141. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492544.34736.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Balakrishnan IM, Yadav N, Singh GP, Prabhakar H. Anaesthetic considerations in patients with transverse myelitis. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2013.10872949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IM Balakrishnan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesiology, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - GP Singh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Rath G, Bithal P, Toshniwal G, Prabhakar H, Dash H. Saline flush test for bedside detection of misplaced subclavian vein catheter into ipsilateral internal jugular vein. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:499-502. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Prabhakar H, Ali Z, Singh GP, Valiaveedan S, Singhal V. Role reversal during external laryngeal manipulation for tracheal intubation--an alternate approach! Anaesth Intensive Care 2009; 37:331. [PMID: 19400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Kar P, Rath GP, Prabhakar H, Ali Z. Tracheal deviation may be a normal anatomical variant in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 2009; 37:144-145. [PMID: 19157372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Ali Z, Prabhakar H, Rath GP, Singh D. Bilateral vocal cord palsy due to brain-stem cavernoma--a diagnostic dilemma! Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008; 150:845-6. [PMID: 18493702 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-008-1508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vocal cord palsy may result from varied causes. However, cord palsy resulting from a brain-stem cavernoma has never been reported. We report a patient with vocal cord palsy in a 30-year-old male resulting from the brain-stem lesion. The patient became symptomatic each time the lesion bled and improved gradually when the bleeding resolved. Repeated insults on the brain-stem produced permanent cord palsy. Although a rare presentation, brain-stem cavernoma may be considered in the aetiology of cord palsy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Brain Stem Neoplasms/complications
- Brain Stem Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Brain Stem Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Stem Neoplasms/surgery
- Craniotomy
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/complications
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/diagnosis
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/surgery
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Microsurgery
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/complications
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Postoperative Complications/surgery
- Reoperation
- Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology
- Respiratory Insufficiency/surgery
- Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology
- Vocal Cords/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ali
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mehta M, Garg R, Rath GP, Prabhakar H. Beware kinking of disposable plastic circuit tubing during anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:624. [PMID: 18714639 DOI: pmid/18714639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jain V, Singh D, Prabhakar H. Sudden decrease in bispectral index value during emergence from general anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:460-461. [PMID: 18564815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Abstract
We report a case of a 47-year-old male undergoing endoscopic removal of a third ventricular colloid cyst. After uneventful surgery, the patient remained drowsy and was transferred to the intensive care unit for supportive care. In the postoperative period, the patient developed hydrocephalus due to clot in the region of the cyst. A posterior fossa haematoma and further neurological deterioration complicated external ventricular drainage, presumably due to sudden intracranial hypotension. Gradual ventricular decompression is recommended to reduce the risk of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Arora R, Chablani D, Rath GP, Prabhakar H. Pulmonary oedema following venous air embolism during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:1177-8. [PMID: 17763968 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-007-1286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Venous air embolism (VAE) is a well known complication in procedures where the operative field is above the level of the heart. Acute pulmonary oedema after a large air embolus occurring during neurosurgery is also a recognized phenomenon. However, pulmonary oedema following repeated episodes of VAE in sublabial transsphenoidal (SLTS) surgery for pituitary adenoma has never been reported. We describe a case of VAE in a 65 year old male undergoing SLTS surgery for pituitary adenoma. Following this, the patient had pulmonary oedema which resolved on supportive treatment. Pulmonary oedema as a result of VAE may go unrecognised intraoperatively but can lead to a significant postoperative morbidity. Early suspicion and recognition of VAE and institution of aggressive treatment will help to avoid fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arora
- Neurosciences Centre, Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bose S, Ali Z, Rath GP, Prabhakar H. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: a rare cause of quadriplegia in the post-partum period. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:855-7. [PMID: 17923454 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rare cause of neurological deficit in the pregnant and post-partum patients. However, SSEH with associated myelitis presenting as quadriplegia and respiratory paralysis in the post-partum period has never been reported. We report the development of acute onset quadriplegia progressing to respiratory arrest in a 24-yr-old woman 2 weeks after normal vaginal delivery. There was no history suggestive of any coagulopathy (inherited or acquired), eclampsia, pre-existing neurological deficit, or iatrogenic manipulations such as spinal/epidural injections. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior epidural haematoma extending from C4-C7 and areas of signal changes in spinal cord from cervicomedullary junction to D5 level (suggestive of demyelination). We highlight this rare cause of quadriplegia; focusing on the altered dynamics of the epidural vasculature in the peripartum period leading to SSEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bose
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Ali Z, Rath GP, Prabhakar H. Transient hypothalamic dysfunction causing episodic cardiac dysrhythmias. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 24:726-7. [PMID: 17763533 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021507000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prabhakar H, Bithal PK, Suri A, Rath GP, Dash HH. Intracranial Pressure Changes During Valsalva Manoeuvre in Patients Undergoing a Neuroendoscopic Procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:98-101. [PMID: 17674296 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Valsalva manoeuvre results in an increase in intrathoracic pressure which alters the systemic and cerebral circulations significantly. We decided to record changes in the intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure resulting from a Valsalva manoeuvre in anaesthetised patients. METHODS 11 patients of either gender submitted to surgical neuroendoscopic procedures were studied. Standard general anaesthesia was maintained for the procedure in all the patients. Passive Valsalva manoeuvres were carried out by squeezing the bag of the closed breathing circuit to maintain an airway pressure of 20 cm H2O above peak inspiratory airway pressure for 10 seconds. The variables heart rate, mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were noted. The variables were recorded again after the surgical correction. All cardiovascular and cerebrovascular variables were compared using the Wilcoxon sign-rank test. We considered a value of p less than 0.05 to be statistically significant. RESULTS The median age of the 11 patients was 22 years (range: 15-43) and median weight was 50 kg (range: 30-78). On comparing the variables during the two Valsalva manoeuvres, we found significant changes in HR, ICP and CPP after the surgical correction. No complications were encountered in any of the patients. CONCLUSION There was a significant reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure during the Valsalva manoeuvre in both stages. This was a result of change in either the intracranial pressure or the mean arterial pressure. Although our patients did not suffer a clinically significant reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure and so had an uneventful recovery, the effect of Valsalva manoeuvre on cerebral perfusion pressure cannot be denied. The marked haemodynamic changes clearly warrant a cautious use of this manoeuvre in neurosurgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Prabhakar H, Rath GP. Change in bispectral index following intraventricular bleed in neuroradiological suite. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007; 35:138-9. [PMID: 17326294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Rath GP, Prabhakar H, Dash HH, Suri A. Haemodynamic changes after intracisternal papaverine instillation during intracranial aneurysmal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97:848-50. [PMID: 16984954 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Use of either intra-arterial or intracisternal papaverine as an alternative treatment of refractory cerebral vasospasm has been associated with various complications including haemodynamic instabilities. However, our search in literature did not reveal association of bradycardia and hypotension with the use of papaverine by either of these routes. Here, we describe a case of anterior communicating artery aneurysm with hydrocephalus. The patient underwent craniotomy and clipping of the aneurysm followed by third ventriculostomy. Instillation of papaverine at the surgical site caused significant haemodynamic changes possibly because of stimulation of hypothalamus in the third ventricle or vagal nuclei in the fourth ventricle, or even both. We recommend cautious use of intracisternal papaverine in such scenario especially when third ventriculostomy has been performed as an adjunct surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rath
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Prabhakar H, Bithal PK, Ghosh I, Dash HH. Pneumorrhachis presenting as quadriplegia following surgery in the prone position. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97:901-3. [PMID: 17098730 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jain V, Prabhakar H, Rath GP, Sharma D. Tension pneumocephalus following deep brain stimulation surgery with bispectral index monitoring. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 24:203-4. [PMID: 17038217 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021506001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bithal PK, Pandia MP, Chaturvedi A, Radhakrishnan M, Prabhakar H, Sharma D. Lidocaine infiltration of the scalp does not completely abolish increased intraocular pressure due to skull pin insertion. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:730-2. [PMID: 16904893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of skull pins results in haemodynamic perturbations, which can be blunted by local anaesthetic infiltration of the pin sites. No study has assessed the effects on intraocular pressure. General anaesthesia was induced in 71 patients undergoing cervical spine surgery with attachment of Gardner Wells tongs to the skull. Skull pins were attached five minutes after induction following either saline (group I, 35 patients) or lidocaine (group II, 36 patients) infiltration of scalp. Intraocular pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before (baseline), immediately after, and 60 s following pin insertion and analysed statistically. Insertion of pins increased intraocular pressure in both groups (from 8.4+/-2.7 to 14.2+/-3.0 mmHg in group I, and from 8.8+/-2.3 to 12.7+/-2.7 mmHg in group II, P < 0.001), which persisted even at 60 s but the increase was significantly greater in group I. Insertion of pins significantly increased blood pressure in group I only. We conclude that lidocaine infiltration at the skull pin sites for Gardner Wells tong attachment fails to completely abolish increased intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bithal
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India.
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Prabhakar H, Anand N, Chouhan RS, Bithal PK. Sudden asystole during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148:699-700; discussion 700. [PMID: 16374562 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-005-0712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 40-year-old lady undergoing surgery for a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. Intraoperatively, patient had a sudden asystole without prior warning sign of bradycardia. It could have been the severe form of trigeminocardiac reflex. The cardiac rhythm returned spontaneously once the surgical manipulation stopped. The remainder of the operation was uneventful and no complication occurred afterwards. The possible mechanism of the event is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India.
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Prabhakar H, Rath GP, Bithal PK, Chouhan RS. Intracranial pressure and haemodynamic changes during the tunnelling phase of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 22:947-50. [PMID: 16318668 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021505001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The tunnelling phase of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is the most painful part but patients are often given inadequate opioid analgesic for fear of post operative delayed recovery and/or respiratory depression. This may result in an increase in intracranial pressure. METHODS Twenty adults scheduled to undergo ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion were administered standard anaesthesia. Monitoring included heart rate, electrocardiogram, end-tidal carbon dioxide, invasive blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Intracranial pressure was monitored by placing the ventricular end of shunt catheter in the dilated lateral ventricle. Five minutes before tunnelling, fentanyl 1 microg kg(-1) was administered. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and intracranial pressure were recorded during tunnelling and subsequently at 1-min interval for 5 min. Data were analysed using t-test and repeated measured test. RESULTS Tunnelling caused significant increase in mean arterial pressure (from 81.4 +/- 11.0 to 110.9 +/- 15.3 mmHg, P < 0.05), intracranial pressure (from 21.4 +/- 8.1 to 29.2 +/- 12.5 mmHg, P < 0.05) and heart rate (from 74.4 +/- 13.8 to 94.1 +/- 17.8 beats min(-1), P < 0.05). Whereas, the increase in haemodynamic parameters persisted for 3 min post-tunnelling, elevated intracranial pressure lasted for 2 min. CONCLUSION Tunnelling significantly increases intracranial pressure and blood pressure despite prior fentanyl administration. This may be deleterious in the presence of intracranial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Major vascular injury during lumbar disc surgery has been recognized as an unusual but well described complication. A potentially fatal outcome can be avoided by a high index of suspicion and an early diagnosis. We present a rare case of aortic and inferior vena caval injury in a 50-year-old female patient undergoing intervertebral disc surgery at lumbar one and two levels. A quick diagnosis and prompt management resulted in a favourable outcome for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kaur H, Prabhakar H, Mathew P, Marshalla R, Arya M. Dengue haemorrhagic fever outbreak in October-November 1996 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Indian J Med Res 1997; 106:1-3. [PMID: 9248206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An epidemic of haemorrhagic fever broke out in Ludhiana in October and November 1996. Persons of all age groups were affected with preponderance of young adults. Haemorrhagic manifestations like rashes, epistaxis, bleeding from the gums and haematemesis were observed. The cause of fever was investigated. Serum samples collected at random from 71 patients were tested by ELISA for dengue types 1-4 IgM antibodies. These were positive in 96.7 per cent of cases. Immunoblot testing for IgM and IgG for all serotypes of dengue virus were positive in 90.2 and 73.2 per cent of the serum samples respectively. The haemorrhagic fever was serologically proven to be due to dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
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Prabhakar H, Kaur H, Lal M. Prevalence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi in Ludhiana Punjab. Indian J Med Sci 1996; 50:277-9. [PMID: 9018985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 945 strains of S. typhi isolated from blood cultures during 1989 to 1994 were studied. Their antibiotic susceptibility showed 580 (61.4%) of strains to be multidrug resistant. The 464 strains tested for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were all sensitive to the drug. Twenty three (17.9%) of the 128 strains of S. paratyphi A were resistant to chloramphenicol. The sole isolate of S. paratyphi B was sensitive to all antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
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Singh T, Verma M, Chhatwal J, Chacko B, Kaur H, Prabhakar H. Predictive utility of clinical and stool parameters in bacterial diarrhoea in children. Indian J Med Sci 1995; 49:285-90. [PMID: 8772834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A prospective one year study was conducted on children between the ages of 1 month to 5 years hospitalised in the pediatric ward of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, with the aim of determining the predictive utility of certain clinical and stool parameters in diagnosing bacterial diarrhoea. Among the 204 children enrolled in the study, fever was observed in 40% in both the culture positive and negative groups. Clinical features such as abdominal distension, vomiting and oliguria although had low positive predictive values, their negative predictive values were high. Among the stool parameters, watery consistency and pus cells > 5 HPF were significantly more often observed in culture positive cases. The presence of mucus and pus cells > 5 HPF had good sensitivity (70-80%) but poor specificity (27-40%), while the reverse was true of blood (sensitivity 23%, specificity 89%). Again the positive predictive values were uniformly low while the negative ones were high. In conclusion the clinical and stool parameters were found to be more useful by their absence than by their presence in excluding a positive stool culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College Ludhiana, Punjab
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Ghuman HK, Prabhakar H. Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C & D in Ludhiana. Indian J Med Sci 1995; 49:227-30. [PMID: 8772826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
172 sera were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D to define the aetiology of acute viral hepatitis by Enzyme immunoassays. The viral aetiology could be decided in 60.5% (104/ 172) of patients. Hepatitis B infection was present in 34.9%, hepatitis A in 10.5%, hepatitis C in 9.3% and hepatitis D in 5.8% of cases. Delta hepatitis associated with HBsAg positive hepatitis was detected in 10% (6/60) of the patients. The aetiology remained undecided in 39.5% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ghuman
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab
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Pearce P, Ghuman H, Prabhakar H, Hobbs BC. Shigella isolates in stool. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1995; 38:173-5. [PMID: 8919104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 447 Shigella strains were isolated from stool samples during 1989-1991. Of these 270 (60%) were from children. Among the different species and serotypes Sh. flexneri 60 (13.4%) and Sh. sonnei Phage 139 (65%) were the most frequently isolated strains. 154 (34.4%) strains were resistant to three and 179 (40%) to more than three antibiotics. Some strains of Shigella were found to be resistant to furazolidine and neomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pearce
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana
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Prabhakar H, Lal M, Kaur H. Outbreak of gastroenteritis due to a new strain of non O group 1 Vibrio cholerae, in Ludhiana in May-August 1993. Indian J Med Res 1994; 99:107-8. [PMID: 8063344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of the new serotype 0139 of non 01 V. cholerae from an outbreak of gastroenteritis is reported. The study of 35 such isolates revealed their similarity with the El tor vibrios biochemically and by other characters. All were strongly haemolytic and 97.1 per cent of the strains showed a positive haemagglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana
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Pearce P, Ghuman H, Prabhakar H, Hobbs BC. Acinetobacter meningitis. Indian J Med Sci 1993; 47:177-179. [PMID: 8258473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
10,468 CSF samples from cases of meningitis in different age groups were cultured during 1988-1991. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was isolated in 12 (5.6%) of 211 positive cultures. The strain were 100% resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline 50% resistant to cephazolin gentamicin and kanamycin but 100% susceptible to chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pearce
- Dept of Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana
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Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immunosuppressive disease characterized by an immune impairment and a high susceptibility to unusual forms of certain neoplasms. Since the brain is an important site of the infection, it is necessary to explore new classes of drugs that have the ability to penetrate across the blood-brain barrier, and the potency to suppress viral replication within the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, the ability to predicate the lipophilicity of the potent anti-AIDS drugs may provide useful information about the potential of the drugs to enter CNS. In this paper, the correlations of log P (octanol-buffer partition coefficient) and log tR (retention time in HPLC; Rt was used by Balzarini et al.) with some physical constants like log MW (molecular weight), hydrogen bond forming ability (HB) of the substituents, and the substituent group dipole moments (mu) are analyzed. Good correlations of log P and log tR with log MW, HB, and mu have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lien
- Division of Biomedicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033
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Arora S, Prabhakar H, Garg BB, Jindal N. Anaerobic bacterial flora of wound sepsis. J Indian Med Assoc 1990; 88:154-6. [PMID: 2230157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred specimens from wound infection (surgical and non-surgical) were cultured for the isolation of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Positive cultures were obtained in 174 (87%) and 26(13%) were sterile. Anaerobes were isolated from 31(17.8%), as single culture in 6(3.4%) and as mixed culture with aerobes in 25(14.3%). Amongst anaerobes, anaerobic cocci were predominant (45.9%). Of aerobes Staph pyogenes (35%) was predominant. Metronidazole was the most effective drug against anaerobes and gentamicin against aerobes. No significant difference was noted in antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobes of surgical and non-surgical wounds. Among aerobes high resistance was observed in surgical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Amritsar
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Jindal N, Arora S, Prabhakar H. Acinetobacter anitratus--bacteremia with meningitis. Case report. Indian J Med Sci 1989; 43:294-6. [PMID: 2634617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Marwah GS, Arora S, Prabhakar H. Haemagglutination antibody titres & immunoglobulin levels in cases of Plasmodium infection. Indian J Med Res 1989; 89:326-9. [PMID: 2628295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malarial antibody estimation was done in patients with malaria (50), and fever (malaria negative, 50) and in 50 healthy controls who gave no history of malaria for the last one year, using the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). Seropositivity was 78, 32 and 4 per cent respectively. Levels of IgG and IgM were found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls and a significant fall was observed in IgA levels in patients of malaria. Although the malarial antibody titre showed good correlation with IgG (P less than 0.01) and IgM (P less than 0.05) not all patients with a negative haemagglutination antibody titre had normal immunoglobulin levels.
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Singh SP, Prabhakar H. Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1985; 28:111-4. [PMID: 3914967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Prabhakar H, Sud P. R-plasmids in intestinal Escherichia coli. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1984; 27:133-8. [PMID: 6392094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Arora S, Prabhakar H. A study of pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from different sources. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1984; 27:57-62. [PMID: 6392092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Sarin RC, Prabhakar H, Kamboj RM. Clinico bacteriological study of pyoderma. Indian J Med Sci 1983; 37:149-53. [PMID: 6668018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Alkali-labile DNA lesions were detected by a hydroxylapatite batch assay following incubation of isolated rat liver nuclei with direct and indirect-acting alkylating agents. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (20-200 microM) produced a steep, concentration-related decrease in double stranded DNA. In contrast, only minimal effects on DNA integrity were observed with methylmethane sulfonate (200 microM). The bifunctional alkylating agent, mechlorethamine produced an apparent increase in double-stranded DNA in accord with its ability to induce interstrand DNA crosslinks. The indirect-acting alkylating agent, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced DNA damage only when an NADPH generating system was included in the incubation mixture. These results suggest that isolated rat liver nuclei may be a useful model for studying the effects of mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals on the integrity of chromosomal DNA.
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Prabhakar H. Proticine typing of proteus strains. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1982; 25:249-52. [PMID: 7166379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Gulati V, Prabhakar H. A study of beta-haemolytic streptococci and anti-streptolysin 'O' titres in acute pharyngitis in children. Indian Pediatr 1981; 18:793-6. [PMID: 7341471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Prabhakar H, Sarin RC, Kambo RM. A study of beta-haemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of pyoderma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1981; 24:171-5. [PMID: 7033129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Prabhakar H. Aeruginocine typing and antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Res 1980; 71:39-41. [PMID: 6769793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Prabhakar H, Arora S. A bacteriological study of wound infections. J Indian Med Assoc 1979; 73:145-8. [PMID: 547003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Prabhakar BR, Gupta S, Prabhakar H. Carcinoma of penis in Punjab. J Indian Med Assoc 1976; 66:55-7. [PMID: 1270826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Prabhakar BR, Sethi RS, Singh H, Tung BS, Prabhakar H. Leiomyosarcoma of penis. Indian J Cancer 1975; 12:103-6. [PMID: 1184063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sabharwal BD, Prabhakar H, Prabhakar BR. Gastro-intestinal malignancies in ludhiana. J Indian Med Assoc 1975; 64:57-60. [PMID: 1133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prabhakar BR, Sabharwal BD, Prabhakar H, Sethl RS. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. A case report with review of literature. Indian J Pathol Bacteriol 1974; 17:193-6. [PMID: 4455632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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