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Khamse S, Alizadeh S, Khorshid HRK, Delbari A, Tajeddin N, Ohadi M. A Hypermutable Region in the DISP2 Gene Links to Natural Selection and Late-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders in Humans. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04155-y. [PMID: 38565786 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
(CCG) short tandem repeats (STRs) are predominantly enriched in genic regions, mutation hotspots for C to T truncating substitutions, and involved in various neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, intact blocks of this class of STRs are widely overlooked with respect to their link with natural selection. The human neuron-specific gene, DISP2 (dispatched RND transporter family member 2), contains a (CCG) repeat in its 5' untranslated region. Here, we sequenced this STR in a sample of 448 Iranian individuals, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 203) and controls (N = 245). We found that the region spanning the (CCG) repeat was highly mutated, resulting in several flanking (CCG) residues. However, an 8-repeat of the (CCG) repeat was predominantly abundant (frequency = 0.92) across the two groups. While the overall distribution of genotypes was not different between the two groups (p > 0.05), we detected four genotypes in the NCD group only (2% of the NCD genotypes, Mid-p = 0.02), consisting of extreme short alleles, 5- and 6-repeats, that were not detected in the control group. The patients harboring those genotypes received the diagnoses of probable Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. We also found six genotypes in the control group only (2.5% of the control genotypes, Mid-p = 0.01) that consisted of the 8-repeat and extreme long alleles, 9- and 10-repeats, of which the 10-repeat was not detected in the NCD group. The (CCG) repeat specifically expanded in primates. In conclusion, we report an indication of natural selection at a novel hypermutable region in the human genome and divergent alleles and genotypes in late-onset NhCDs and controls. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that a collection of rare alleles and genotypes in a number of genes may unambiguously contribute to the cognition impairment component of late-onset NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khamse
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Alizadeh
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Tajeddin
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Arabfard M, Tajeddin N, Alizadeh S, Salesi M, Bayat H, Khorram Khorshid HR, Khamse S, Delbari A, Ohadi M. Dyads of GGC and GCC form hotspot colonies that coincide with the evolution of human and other great apes. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 38383300 PMCID: PMC10880355 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GGC and GCC short tandem repeats (STRs) are of various evolutionary, biological, and pathological implications. However, the fundamental two-repeats (dyads) of these STRs are widely unexplored. RESULTS On a genome-wide scale, we mapped (GGC)2 and (GCC)2 dyads in human, and found monumental colonies (distance between each dyad < 500 bp) of extraordinary density, and in some instances periodicity. The largest (GCC)2 and (GGC)2 colonies were intergenic, homogeneous, and human-specific, consisting of 219 (GCC)2 on chromosome 2 (probability < 1.545E-219) and 70 (GGC)2 on chromosome 9 (probability = 1.809E-148). We also found that several colonies were shared in other great apes, and directionally increased in density and complexity in human, such as a colony of 99 (GCC)2 on chromosome 20, that specifically expanded in great apes, and reached maximum complexity in human (probability 1.545E-220). Numerous other colonies of evolutionary relevance in human were detected in other largely overlooked regions of the genome, such as chromosome Y and pseudogenes. Several of the genes containing or nearest to those colonies were divergently expressed in human. CONCLUSION In conclusion, (GCC)2 and (GGC)2 form unprecedented genomic colonies that coincide with the evolution of human and other great apes. The extent of the genomic rearrangements leading to those colonies support overlooked recombination hotspots, shared across great apes. The identified colonies deserve to be studied in mechanistic, evolutionary, and functional platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Tajeddin
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Alizadeh
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Salesi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Bayat
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Khamse
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alizadeh S, Khamse S, Tajeddin N, Khorram Khorshid HR, Delbari A, Ohadi M. A GCC repeat in RAB26 undergoes natural selection in human and harbors divergent genotypes in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2024; 893:147968. [PMID: 37931854 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Although mainly located in genic regions and being mutation hotspots, intact blocks of CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeats (STRs) are largely overlooked with respect to their link with natural selection. The human RAB26 (member RAS oncogene family) directs synaptic and secretory vesicles into preautophagosomal structures, inhibition of which specifically disrupts axonal transport of degradative organelles and leads to an axonal dystrophy, resembling Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human RAB26 contains a GCC repeat in the top 1st percent in respect of length. Here we sequenced this STR in 441 Iranian individuals, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 216) and controls (N = 225). In both groups, the 12-repeat allele and the 12/12 genotype were predominantly abundant. We found excess of homozygosity for non-12 alleles in the NCD group (Mid-P exact = 0.027). Furthermore, divergent genotypes were detected that were specific to the NCD group (2.8% of genotypes) (Mid-P exact = 0.006) or controls (3.1% of genotypes) (Mid-P exact = 0.004). The patients harboring divergent genotypes received the diagnosis of AD. Based on the predominant abundance of the 12-repeat and 12/12 genotype in both groups, excess of non-12 homozygosity in the NCD group, and divergent genotypes across the NCD and control groups, we propose natural selection at this locus and link with late-onset AD. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that a collection of rare genotypes unambiguously contribute to the pathogenesis of late-onset NCDs, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alizadeh
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Khamse
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Tajeddin
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Delbari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Azimzadeh P, Khorram Khorshid HR, Akhondi MM, Shirazi A. Association of interleukin-16 polymorphisms with disease progression and susceptibility in endometriosis. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:297-302. [PMID: 27484651 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine that was previously found in association with complex disorders, and it is now cleared that this cytokine plays a critical role in regulation of cellular functions such as homoeostasis. Due to the complexity of endometriosis and its resemblance to cancer, we designed present case-control study to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of the human IL-16 gene on Iranian women's susceptibility to endometriosis. A total of 126 patients with endometriosis (stages I-IV) and 144 healthy women as control group were recruited to the study. We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-16 gene (rs11556218 T>G, rs4778889 T>C, rs4072111 C>T and rs1131445 C>T). Genotyping was performed using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results showed that genotype distribution in two exonic polymorphisms including rs11556218 and rs4072111 was significantly different between Endometriosis patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). We have also found an association between rs4072111 and rs1131445 with progression to the severe stages (III-IV) of endometriosis (P < 0.05). Finally, we may conclude that IL-16 gene polymorphisms are highly associated with increased risk of endometriosis and could be considered as a susceptibility factor for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Azimzadeh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shirazi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Nikkhah M, Rezazadeh M, Khorram Khorshid HR, Biglarian A, Ohadi M. An exceptionally long CA-repeat in the core promoter of SCGB2B2 links with the evolution of apes and Old World monkeys. Gene 2015; 576:109-14. [PMID: 26437309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported a genome-scale catalog of human protein-coding genes that contain "exceptionally long" STRs (≥6-repeats) in their core promoter, which may be of selective advantage in this species. At the top of that list, SCGB2B2 (also known as SCGBL), contains one of the longest CA-repeat STRs identified in a human gene core promoter, at 25-repeats. In the study reported here, we analyzed the conservation status of this CA-STR across evolution. The functional implication of this STR to alter gene expression activity was also analyzed in the HEK-293 cell line. We report that the SCGB2B2 core promoter CA-repeat reaches exceptional lengths, ranging from 9- to 25-repeats, across Apes (Hominoids) and the Old World monkeys (CA>2-repeats were not detected in any other species). The longest CA-repeats and highest identity in the SCGB2B2 protein sequence were observed between human and bonobo. A trend for increased gene expression activity was observed from the shorter to the longer CA-repeats (p<0.009), and the CA-repeat increased gene expression activity, per se (p<0.02). We propose that the SCGB2B2 gene core promoter CA-repeat functions as an expression code for the evolution of Apes and the Old World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nikkhah
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Rezazadeh
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Biglarian
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Veisi K, Farajnia S, Zarghami N, Khorshid HRK, Samadi N, Safdari Y, Ahmadzadeh V. Development and Evaluation of a Cetuximab-based Humanized Single Chain Antibody Against EGFR-overexpressing Tumors. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 65:624-8. [PMID: 25333654 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of humanized single chain antibodies (hscFv) can potentially be a powerful solution to limitations imposed by large size and murine nature of cetuximab. The present study describes generation of a cetuximab-based hscFv using CDR-grafting method. Cetuximab CDRs were grafted on frameworks selected from human germline antibody sequence repertoire. The strategy employed in selecting human sequences was the highest sequence similarity of variable domains between human and parental antibodies as well as similarity in the CDRs canonical structures. To maintain the binding affinity, the parental vernier zone residues were retained murine in hscFv. Recombinant hscFv was expressed in E. coli and affinity purified by Ni-NTA column. The potency of hscFv in targeting EGFR was evaluated using A431, a cell line over-expressing EGFR. Dot blot and ELISA tests were used to assess the reactivity and MTT assay to evaluate the growth inhibition of hscFv on A431 cell line. The humanization of cetuximab variable regions resulted in 22.2% increase in humanness of hscFv. Reactivity analyses of hscFv on A431 cells showed better binding affinity and higher growth inhibition effect (2.6 times) comparing to murine counterpart. In conclusion, hscFv produced in this study displayed reduced potential immunogenicity as well as enhanced cytotoxic effect on EGFR- overexpressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Veisi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - N Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H R K Khorshid
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Samadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Y Safdari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - V Ahmadzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Khorram Khorshid HR, Gozalpour E, Kamali K, Ohadi M, Karimloo M, Shahhosseiny MH. The Association between Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease and the Human ABCA1 and APOE Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Population. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13:256-62. [PMID: 22737475 PMCID: PMC3371965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which its ε4 allele has been reported as a risk factor in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene on chromosome 9, which has been known by genome-wide AD linkage study, has an important role in cellular cholesterol efflux. This study determines the association between sporadic AD and the human ABCA1 and APOE gene polymorphisms in Iranian population. METHODS 154 AD cases and 162 control subjects from Iranian population were genotyped for APOE genotypes and ABCA1 polymorphism (R219K). RESULTS The frequency of ε2ε3 genotype was higher in control subjects comparing AD patients but was not significant (13% versus 5.8%) and ε3ε4 genotype frequency was significantly higher in AD cases comparing with control subjects. APOE-ε2 allele frequency in cases was lower than control subjects but this difference was not significant (4.5% versus 8%). Individuals carrying ε4 allele, developed AD 6.5 times more than non-carriers (OR=6.52, 95%CI=2.63-16.17). There was no significant association between ABCA1 polymorphism and AD. CONCLUSION Unlike other studies, R219K polymorphism was not dependent on gender and APOE-ε4 allele and there was no association between APOE and ABCA1 in AD patients compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Khorram Khorshid
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid, MD,PhD Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98-21-22180138, Fax: +98-21-22180138, E-mail:
| | - E Gozalpour
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimloo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Shahhosseiny
- Microbiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Farokhashtiani T, Mirabzadeh A, Olad Nabi M, Magham ZG, Khorshid HRK, Najmabadi H, Ohadi M. Reversion of the human calreticulin gene promoter to the ancestral type as a result of a novel psychosis-associated mutation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:541-4. [PMID: 21182888 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Development-dependent, tissue-specific expression of the calreticulin (CALR) gene in the gray matter coincides with the expression of psychoses phenotypes. We have recently reported instances of mutations within the core promoter sequence of the gene in schizoaffective disorder. In view of the mounting evidence on the genetic overlap in the psychiatric spectrum, we investigated this gene in a spectrum of patients afflicted with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and major affective disorder. We found that a unique mutation at nucleotide -220 from the transcription start site, located at a conserved genomic block in the promoter region of the gene, co-occurs with the spectrum of psychoses (p<0.005). This mutation reverts the human promoter sequence to the ancestral type observed in chimpanzee, mouse, and several other species, implying that the genomic block harboring nucleotide -220 may be involved in the evolution of human-specific higher-order functions of the brain (e.g. language, conceptual thinking, and judgment), that are ubiquitously impaired in psychoses. We propose that CALR is not only a promising candidate in the spectrum of psychoses, but also, a gene that may be important in the human-unique brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Farokhashtiani
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Olad Nabi M, Mirabzadeh A, Feizzadeh G, Khorram Khorshid HR, Karimlou M, Zarif Yeganeh M, Asgharian AM, Najmabadi H, Ohadi M. Novel mutations in the calreticulin gene core promoter and coding sequence in schizoaffective disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:706-709. [PMID: 19760677 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported the first case of mutation in the core promoter sequence of the human calreticulin gene in a family case of schizoaffective disorder. Remarkably, this gene coincides with a region of suggested linkage at 19p13.2, identified in a whole genome scan [Hamshere et al. (2005); Arch Gen Psychiatry 62;1081-1088]. The identified mutation was located at the conserved position -48 from the transcription start site, and was shown to be of functional effect, resulting in the aberrant expression of the gene. Following screening of the gene in 60 independent cases of schizoaffective disorder, we report novel germ-line mutations at positions -205 C > T and the conserved exon 5 (c: 682 C > T, pro228ser) in two unrelated cases of schizoaffective disorder. These mutations were disease-specific, and as for the -48 G > C mutation, neither was detected in a control population of 370 individuals, indicating a contribution of 3.17% in this sample series. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of disease-specific mutations in schizoaffective disorder, which warrants systematic screening of the regulatory and coding regions of the calreticulin gene in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olad Nabi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirabzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Feizzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H R Khorram Khorshid
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimlou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Zarif Yeganeh
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - A M Asgharian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Zarif Yeganeh M, Mirabzadeh A, Khorram Khorshid HR, Kamali K, Heshmati Y, Gozalpour E, Veissy K, Olad Nabi M, Najmabadi H, Ohadi M. Novel extreme homozygote haplotypes at the human caveolin 1 gene upstream purine complex in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:347-9. [PMID: 19475601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the caveolin-1 (CAV1) gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We have recently reported a polymorphic purine stretch located at between 1.8 and 1.5 kb flanking the CAV1 gene, whose alleles and genotypes are associated with late-onset AD. Extra-short homozygote haplotypes were observed that were present only in the AD cases. Following an independent case/control study, we report alleles at the other extreme of the allele range, haplotypes of which were observed to be homozygous across the region in the AD cases. We propose that there is a window for the length of motifs and haplotypes in the controls. Homozygosity for shorter and longer motifs and haplotypes was linked with AD in our study. Our findings elucidate novel predisposing haplotypes at the CAV1 gene purine complex, and confirm the role of this region in the etiopathophysiology of late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zarif Yeganeh
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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