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Choi Y, Kim HH. Social capital, food insecurity, and health outcomes in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:39-51. [PMID: 35836405 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was first, to investigate the harmful effects of food insufficiency on health outcomes - self-rated health (SRH) and self-assessed depressive symptoms - during the COVID-19 pandemic and, second, to test whether these effects fluctuated across the US in terms of state-level social capital. METHODS Data were drawn from the Census Household Pulse Survey (fielded between April 2020 and February 2021) consisting of community-dwelling American adults (N = 1.5M+). Social capital measures were taken from the 'Social Capital Project' sponsored by the US Congress. We estimated three-level mixed effects models to analyze multiple waves of repeated cross-sectional surveys. RESULTS Post-COVID-19 food insufficiency was significantly negatively associated with SRH and positively associated depression, adjusting for controls including food insufficiency prior to the onset of the pandemic. These relationships were also more pronounced in areas with higher aggregate social capital. CONCLUSIONS The health burdens of the new coronavirus disease have fallen disproportionately on the economically marginalized, as measured by food insufficiency. Contrary to the conventional literature, living in a state with a greater stock of social capital worsened its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Department of Sociology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Sociology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Lee SH, Kim HH, Shin SH, Park SH, Park JH, Park CK. An Alternative Serological Measure for Assessing Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Efficacy against Homologous and Heterologous Viral Challenges in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 38276669 PMCID: PMC10820997 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the relationship between homologous and heterologous serological titers of immunized pigs and their protection statuses against FMD virus challenges, in the present study, the correlation between the virus neutralization titers at 21 and 28 dpv and the protection statuses at 28 dpv against challenge with FMD virus was analyzed using data sets comprising five different combinations of homologous or heterologous challenge experiments in pigs vaccinated with type O (n = 96), A (n = 69), and Asia 1 (n = 74). As a result, the experiments were divided into three groups (21D-1, 21D-2, and 21D-3) in the 21-dpv model and two groups (28D-1 and 28D-2) in the 28-dpv model. Each response curve of groups 21D-1 and 21D-2 in the 21-dpv model was very similar to each curve of groups 28D-1 and 28D-2 in the 28-dpv model, respectively, even though there was an exceptional extra group (21D-3) in the 21-dpv model. The average titers estimating 0.75 probability of protection ranged from 1.06 to 1.62 log10 in the 21-dpv model and from 1.26 to 1.64 log10 in the 28-dpv model. In summary, we demonstrated that the serological method is useful for predicting the homologous and heterologous protection statuses of vaccinated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Sung-Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.H.L.); (H.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Popova E. Unifying principles of cryopreservation protocols for new plant materials based on alternative cryoprotective agents (cpas) and a systematic approach. Cryo Letters 2023; 44:1-12. [PMID: 36629836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses a frequently encountered problem of designing an effective cryopreservation procedure for new (not previously cryopreserved) or difficult plant materials. This problem hinders worldwide efforts of applying cryopreservation across a wide genetic base of wild and a number of cultivated plants. We review recent advances in modifications of routinely applied cryoprotective solutions (CPAs) and suggest a practical approach to protocol development which embraces the physiological complexity of plant tissues as well as a wide spectrum of behaviours under CPA treatment. We suggest that vegetative plant materials are classified into four categories based on their size, structure, and the response to osmotic and chemical stresses provoked by CPA mixtures of varied composition and concentration, including alternative osmoprotection and vitrification solutions. A number of up to 15 preset protocols designed specifically for each category is then applied to the material. The protocols resulting in the best regrowth are then combined into the optimized procedure. The main advantage of this system over a conventional "trial-and-error" search for working cryopreservation protocol is a minimal amount of starting materials required for the tests and a relatively accurate prediction of material behaviour under cryopreservation stress provided by the relatively few CPAs treatments. The unifying principles revealed by this approach could broaden a spectrum of wild species and materials which can be safely conserved by cryopreservation. Also anticipated is application of this approach to plant materials of biotechnological value as well as cultivars of agricultural and horticultural crops which do not respond well to standard protocols developed for their kind. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110112.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
| | - E Popova
- К А Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Lee SH, Kim HH, Moon SY, Kim MY, Kim SW, Park JH, Kim J. Establishment and validation of a liquid-phase blocking ELISA for the detection of antibodies elicited by the foot-and-mouth disease virus A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Moon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon City, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Popova E. Unifying principles of cryopreservation protocols for new plant materials based on alternative cryoprotective agents (cpas) and a systematic approach. Cryo Letters 2022; 44:1-12. [PMID: 36625870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses a frequently encountered problem of designing an effective cryopreservation procedure for new (not previously cryopreserved) or difficult plant materials. This problem hinders worldwide efforts of applying cryopreservation across a wide genetic base of wild and a number of cultivated plants. We review recent advances in modifications of routinely applied cryoprotective solutions (CPAs) and suggest a practical approach to protocol development which embraces the physiological complexity of plant tissues as well as a wide spectrum of behaviours under CPA treatment. We suggest that vegetative plant materials are classified into four categories based on their size, structure, and the response to osmotic and chemical stresses provoked by CPA mixtures of varied composition and concentration, including alternative osmoprotection and vitrification solutions. A number of up to 15 preset protocols designed specifically for each category is then applied to the material. The protocols resulting in the best regrowth are then combined into the optimized procedure. The main advantage of this system over a conventional "trial-and-error" search for working cryopreservation protocol is a minimal amount of starting materials required for the tests and a relatively accurate prediction of material behaviour under cryopreservation stress provided by the relatively few CPAs treatments. The unifying principles revealed by this approach could broaden a spectrum of wild species and materials which can be safely conserved by cryopreservation. Also anticipated is application of this approach to plant materials of biotechnological value as well as cultivars of agricultural and horticultural crops which do not respond well to standard protocols developed for their kind. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110112.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
| | - E Popova
- К А Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Lee H, Park H, Popova E, Lee YY, Park SU, Kim HH. Ammonium-free medium is critical for regeneration of shoot tips of the endangered species Pogostemon yatabeanus cryopreserved using droplet-vitrification. Cryo Letters 2021; 42:290-299. [PMID: 35363850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pogostemon yatabeanus, synonym Dysophylla yatabeana, (Labiatae) is an endangered wild species in Korea. It has has a limited natural habitat and requires urgent conservation measures. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient cryopreservation protocol using in vitro shoot tips to complement traditional conservation approaches in case seeds are unavailable, or insufficient in number for conservation programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Node-cutting induced shoot tips of in vitro plants were produced and cryopreserved using a droplet-vitrification method following improvements in preculture, osmoprotection, vitrification solution (VS) and regrowth treatments. The starting protocol included preculture with 10% sucrose for 31 h, followed by osmoprotection with C4-35% (17.5% glycerol + 17.5% sucrose) for 40 min, and cryoprotection with A3-80% (33.3% glycerol + 13.3% DMSO + 13.3% EG + 20.1% sucrose) for 60 min on ice, cooling and warming using aluminum foil strips, and regrowth in MS hormone-free medium. RESULTS Shoot tips of Pogostemon yatabeanus were sensitive to the osmotic stress evidenced by low survival after step-wise preculture with 17.5% sucrose and cryopreservation without osmoprotection. Among VS tested, including PVS2, PVS3 and their alternatives, A3-80% on ice for 60 min resulted in the highest post-cryopreservation survival (80%) and regeneration (20%). Post-cryopreservation regeneration significantly improved (up to 73%) by incubation of cryopreserved shoot tips on ammonium-free medium followed by GA X3-containing medium and medium without growth regulators. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips using droplet-vitrification was developed as a complementary conservation approach for D. yatabeana. Adjustment of medium composition during the recovery stage was important for regeneration of healthy plants from both cryoprotected-control and cryopreserved shoot tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - E Popova
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Y Y Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, NIAS, RDA, Suwon, 16613, Korea
| | - S U Park
- Division Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Park YR, Yoo JY, Park Y, An S, Hyun BH. Immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animals derived from the recombinant ERAGS strain. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:141-147. [PMID: 34222126 PMCID: PMC8217578 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of the present study were to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine based on the ERAGS strain Materials and Methods The ERAGS virus propagated in Vero cells was inactivated with 3 mM binary ethylenimine for 8 hours. Three types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared to determine the minimum vaccine virus titers. Four further types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated ERAGS with four different adjuvants; each vaccine was injected into mice, guinea pigs, and dogs to identify the optimal adjuvant. The immunogenicity of a Montanide (IMS) gel-adjuvanted vaccine was evaluated in cats, dogs, and cattle. Humoral immune responses were measured via a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization method and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The minimum virus titer of the inactivated rabies vaccine was over 107.0 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50 values)/mL. Of the four kinds of adjuvants, the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine induced the highest mean viral neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers of 6.24 and 2.36 IU/mL in guinea pigs and dogs, respectively, and was thus selected as the vaccine for the target animals. Cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine developed protective VNA titers ranging from 3.5 to 1.2 IU/mL at 4 weeks post-inoculation (WPI). Conclusion Our data indicate that cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with an inactivated rabies vaccine derived from the ERAGS strain developed protective immune responses that were maintained to 12 WPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Yeseul Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sungjun An
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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Choi J, Jo HJ, Jung SS, Choi J, Lee SH, Kim HH, Kim YJ, Kim B, Park JH, Kim J. Evaluation of swine protection with foot-and-mouth disease O 1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines against the O Mya-98 lineage virus from East Asia. Vaccine 2021; 39:1701-1707. [PMID: 33618945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two type O commercial vaccines, the O1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines, were studied to evaluate the in vivo efficacy in pigs against heterologous virus challenge with the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014 virus (O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage) isolated in Korea in 2014. The in vivo challenge results indicated that both vaccines induced a high heterologous virus neutralization test (VNT) titer by a single injection and successfully protected specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs from challenge infection. To determine the optimal vaccination age, a field trial with each vaccine was conducted with three one-shot-vaccinated groups that were injected at 8, 12, or 14 weeks of age and one two-shot-vaccinated group that was injected at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the pig farms. In these field trials, the improved serological performance at 20 and 24 weeks of age expected with vaccination at 12 or 14 weeks of age was not observed, although improved serological results were expected as the result of decreasing interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs), as MDAs waned with age. In addition, delayed vaccination resulted in MDA depletion at 14 weeks of age. Therefore, the optimal age for primary vaccination with two different formulated vaccines was 8 weeks old in pigs, considering that MDAs could provide a protective immunity against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection. Prolonged significantly higher VNT titers of immunized pigs were demonstrated in the two-shot-vaccinated groups. In total, the effectiveness of the two vaccines was demonstrated through efficacy tests and field trials in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Ji M, Lee SK, Hyun BH. Genotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers against Japanese encephalitis virus genotypes 1 and 3 in horses immunized with a genotype 3 vaccine. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:102-107. [PMID: 32864366 PMCID: PMC7445317 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important mosquito-borne and zoonotic diseases in Asia and the Pacific region. Although the dominant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype has shifted from G3 to G1 in Korea since 1990, a G3 strain (Anyang 300) has been used in vaccines for horses for almost 40 years. This study aimed to investigate the seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) against JEV G1 and G3 in horses immunized with the G3 vaccine. Materials and Methods Serum samples of 1,231 horses immunized with the Anyang 300 vaccine were collected in 2018. VNA titers against JEV KV1899 (G1) and Anyang 300 (G3) were measured in all serum samples using the virus neutralization test. Titers were analyzed according to blood sampling time (prior to and following annual revaccination), age, and region. Results Rates of VNA titer >10 were 45.1% and 77.8% for G1, and 49.1% and 82.9% for G3 in samples taken before and after revaccination, respectively. GMTs of genotype-specific VNAs against JEV G1 and G3 were 8.3 and 11.6 before revaccination and rose to 27.2 and 65.4 following revaccination. Overall sero-positivity did not significantly differ between genotypes, but GMTs significantly differed among genotypes and sampling times. No significant difference was found in GMTs among age groups or regions. Conclusion Genotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers against JEV G1 and G3 differed significantly in horses immunized with the G3 vaccine. Antigenic differences between genotypes could reduce the vaccine's efficacy, requiring the development of a new vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Miryeon Ji
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | | | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Wang JY, An DJ. The Presence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibody in Wild Boars ( Sus scrofa), a Non-Target Bait Vaccine Animal in Korea. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030090. [PMID: 32664240 PMCID: PMC7559989 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait vaccines have been distributed in Korea for 20 years; although wild raccoon dogs have been tested for antibodies, rabies antibodies have never been investigated in non-target wild animals. Therefore, this study investigated rabies antibody formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which is likely the main competitor for the bait vaccine in Korea. In bait areas, 20 of 109 wild boars (18.3%) were seropositive, and 39 of 470 wild boars (8.3%) in non-bait areas were also seropositive. These results provide insights regarding bait uptake or vaccination in non-target wild boars.
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Yoo JY, Ji M, Han BH, Oh S, Hyun BH. Immunogenicity of a new, inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 vaccine for dogs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:40-47. [PMID: 32095439 PMCID: PMC7024732 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We constructed a new canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vaccine candidate using the recently isolated Korean CAV-2 strain; we termed the vaccine APQA1701-40P and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To generate the anti-CAV-2 vaccine, APQA1701 was passaged 40 times in MDCK cells growing in medium containing 5 mM urea and the virus was inactivated using 0.05% (volume per volume) formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated APQA1701-40P with two different adjuvants; both were intramuscularly injected (twice) into guinea pigs. The safety and immunogenicity of the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine were evaluated in seronegative dogs. The humoral responses elicited were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and via a virus neutralization assay (VNA). RESULTS The new, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine strain, APQA1701-40P, lacked six amino acids of the E1b-19K protein. In guinea pigs, the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine afforded a slightly higher VNA titer and I-ELISA absorbance than an IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine 4 weeks post-vaccination (p>0.05). Dogs inoculated with the former vaccine developed a significantly higher immune titer than non-vaccinated dogs. CONCLUSION The Cabopol-adjuvanted, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine was safe and induced a high VNA titer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Miryeon Ji
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bok Hee Han
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee EJ, Yoo JY, Kim JT, Ahn S. Rabies immune status of raccoon dogs residing in areas where rabies bait vaccine has been distributed. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2019; 8:132-135. [PMID: 31406695 PMCID: PMC6689503 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2019.8.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, large amounts of rabies bait vaccine have been distributed in two provinces where raccoon dog-mediated rabies has occurred. A total of 146 raccoon dogs were caught in Gangwon and Gyeonggi Provinces from January 2017 to June 2018, and raccoon dog blood samples were collected. Of the 146 raccoon dogs, 13.7% (20/146) had rabies antibodies. In Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces, the rate of rabies antibody was 8.5% (5/59) and 17.2% (15/87), respectively. Considering these results, it would be desirable to improve the distribution method or use a new bait vaccine to prevent animal rabies in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Taek Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sangjin Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Yang DK, Cho IS, Kim HH. Strategies for controlling dog-mediated human rabies in Asia: using 'One Health' principles to assess control programmes for rabies. REV SCI TECH OIE 2019; 37:473-481. [PMID: 30747133 DOI: 10.20506/rst.37.2.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over 99% of human rabies cases in endemic areas are transmitted by dogs. Without the elimination of dog rabies, it is not easy to reduce human rabies infection. Controlling dog rabies, especially in ownerless or free-roaming dogs, is critical if we are to decrease the rate of human rabies infection. There are several components in a strategy to eliminate dog-mediated rabies in Asia. Each government must make sure that rabies is either a reportable disease or a notifiable disease and enforce the reporting requirements accordingly. They must also focus on organising and operating special rabies control committees that work with relevant agencies under the 'One Health' banner. They should also implement a national rabies control programme that includes mass dog vaccination, laboratory-based surveillance, stable budget allocation, a rapidreporting system, management of dog populations, international cooperation, prevention of animal introductions from other countries, and risk assessment to analyse the programme's weaknesses. As several developed countries have shown, an effective rabies control strategy leads to rabies-free status. In the Republic of Korea, human rabies has not occurred since 2004, and there have not been any confirmed cases of dog rabies or cases of rabies in wild animals, including raccoon dogs, since 2014. The successful implementation of the key strategies used to eliminate rabies in the Republic of Korea will enable other Asian countries to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies.
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Choi CH, Popova E, Lee H, Park SU, Ku J, Kang JH, Kim HH. Cryopreservation of Endangered Wild Species, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam, Using Droplet-Vitrification Procedure. Cryo Letters 2019; 40:113-122. [PMID: 31017611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam is an endemic and endangered species in urgent need of a comprehensive conservation strategy. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient cryopreservation protocol using in vitro shoot tips to complement traditional conservation approaches in case seeds are not available or insufficient for conservation programs. METHODS Shoot tips of in vitro plants were cryopreserved using a droplet-vitrification method following improvement of pre-culture, osmoprotection, vitrification solution (VS), unloading and post-culture treatments. The starting protocol included step-wise pre-culture with 10% and 17.5% sucrose for 55 h and 17 h, respectively, followed by osmoprotection with C4-35% (17.5% glycerol + 17.5% sucrose) for 30 min, and cryoprotection with B5-80% (40% glycerol + 40% sucrose) for 60 min. RESULTS Shoot tips of A. altaicus were found to be moderately sensitive to the osmotic stress. Pre-culture and osmoprotection were not critical for the regeneration of cryopreserved explants when either of these treatments was applied. Osmoprotection with C4-35% on ice for 60 min followed by cryoprotection with A3-80%, a modified and diluted PVS2, on ice for 60 min resulted in the highest (65.3%) regeneration of cryopreserved shoot tips. Among alternative VSs tested, A3-80% and B5-80% were superior to PVS2 and PVS3 used under the same conditions. Step-wise recovery of shoot tips on ammonium-free medium followed by GA3-containing medium and medium without growth regulators were critical for the normal regeneration of both VS-treated and cryopreserved shoot tips. CONCLUSIONS Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips using droplet-vitrification was developed as a complementary conservation approach for A. altaicus. Adjustment of the composition of regrowth media depending on recovery stage was important for the regeneration of healthy plants from cryopreserved shoot tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Choi
- Gyeonggi-do Forestry Environment Research Center, Osan-si, 52319, Korea
| | - E Popova
- National Cell Culture Collection, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Lee
- Dept. of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - S U Park
- Div. Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - J Ku
- Forest Policy Division, Korea Forest Service, 189 Cheongsa-ro, Daejeon 35208, Korea
| | - J H Kang
- Hantaek Botanical Garden Foundation, 2 Hantaek-ro, Yongin-si, 17183, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Dept. of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee EJ, Yoo JY, Yoon SS, Park J, Kim CH, Kim HR. Recharacterization of the Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Vaccine Strain based on the Biological and Molecular Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2019.49.3.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Hyun Kim
- KBNP Technology Institute, KBNP, Yesan-gun, 32417, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ryoung Kim
- KBNP Technology Institute, KBNP, Yesan-gun, 32417, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Seo BH, Cho IS. Serosurvey of rabies virus, canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and influenza virus in military working dogs in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 30068896 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18–0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), and canine influenza A virus (CIV) are important contagious pathogens in canine populations. To assess post-vaccination immunity against RABV, CDV and CPV-2, and serological evidence of exposure to influenza A virus in military working dogs (MWDs) in Korea, we tested blood samples of 78 MWDs by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) for RABV, and by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV, CPV-2, and CIV. Korean MWDs had high antibody-positive rates against RABV (97.4%, ≥0.5 IU/ml), CDV (94.8%), and CPV (100%). All dogs tested seronegative (0/78; 0%) for influenza A virus. Two 1-year-old dogs stationed in known rabies outbreak areas (Gangwon and Gyeonggi) exhibited VNA titers below the protective level (0.06 and 0.29 IU/ml, respectively). The breed and sex of MWDs were not significantly associated with antibody titers for RABV, CDV, or CPV; however, age was significantly associated with CPV antibody titers, while region of residence was associated with CDV antibody titer. Taken together, the data presented here provide important insights necessary for post-vaccination management and control of infectious diseases in MWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Seo
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24408, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee SH, Yoon SS, Park JW, Cho IS. Isolation and characterization of a new porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant that occurred in Korea in 2014. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:71-78. [PMID: 28693308 PMCID: PMC5799402 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) have resulted in significant economic losses in the swine industry, and another PED outbreak occurred in 2014 in Korea. Isolating and culturing PED virus (PEDV) allow investigations into its pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and diagnostic assays. In this study, we successfully isolated two PEDV isolates (QIAP1401 and QIAP1402) from naturally infected piglets at Jeju-do, Korea. Viral propagation was confirmed in Vero cells based on cytopathic effect, immunofluorescence assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopic analyses. The QIAP401 isolate propagated well in Vero cells for 70 passages, with titers of 106.5 to 107.0 50% tissue culture infectious dose/mL, which increased gradually with passaging. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the QIAP1401 isolate were determined and compared with those of other PEDV isolates. The QIAP1401 isolate was determined to be closely related to the USA/Minnesota271/2014 strain (> 99.9% nucleotide similarity) that was isolated in the USA in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on several PEDV genes suggested that a new PEDV variant is circulating in the Korean swine industry, with 93.08% similarity to the SM98 strain isolated in 1998. In addition, the QIAP1401 strain showed strong virulence in 3-day-old piglets and 11-week-old growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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18
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Seo BH, Cho IS. Serosurvey of rabies virus, canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and influenza virus in military working dogs in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1424-1430. [PMID: 30068896 PMCID: PMC6160881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), and canine influenza A virus (CIV) are important contagious pathogens in canine populations. To assess
post-vaccination immunity against RABV, CDV and CPV-2, and serological evidence of exposure to influenza A virus in military working dogs (MWDs) in Korea, we tested blood samples of 78 MWDs
by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) for RABV, and by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV, CPV-2, and CIV. Korean MWDs had high
antibody-positive rates against RABV (97.4%, ≥0.5 IU/ml), CDV (94.8%), and CPV (100%). All dogs tested seronegative (0/78; 0%) for influenza A virus. Two 1-year-old dogs
stationed in known rabies outbreak areas (Gangwon and Gyeonggi) exhibited VNA titers below the protective level (0.06 and 0.29 IU/ml, respectively). The breed and sex of
MWDs were not significantly associated with antibody titers for RABV, CDV, or CPV; however, age was significantly associated with CPV antibody titers, while region of residence was
associated with CDV antibody titer. Taken together, the data presented here provide important insights necessary for post-vaccination management and control of infectious diseases in
MWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Seo
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24408, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Cho IS. Strategies to maintain Korea's animal rabies non-occurrence status. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:87-92. [PMID: 30112347 PMCID: PMC6082677 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic animal rabies causes >99% of all human rabies cases; elimination of animal rabies reduces the rate of human infections. The most recent animal rabies cases in the Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces of Korea occurred in November 2012 and February 2013, respectively. Here we explore ways to ensure that Korea remains animal rabies non-occurrence. The government must prevent rabies recurrence by vaccinating dogs, distributing bait vaccine in regions with a high rabies risk, performing laboratory-based surveillance, preventing the flow of rabies-suspect animals from neighboring countries, and enhancing border quarantine. As has already been shown in several developed countries, careful and ongoing rabies control will allow Korea to remain animal rabies-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- OIE Reference Lab for Rabies, Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- OIE Reference Lab for Rabies, Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- OIE Reference Lab for Rabies, Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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20
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Lee SH, Yang DK, Kim HH, Cho IS. Efficacy of inactivated variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccines in growing pigs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:61-69. [PMID: 29399581 PMCID: PMC5795046 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The first aim of this study was to develop a novel inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine using the recently isolated Korean PEDV QIAP1401 strain and to evaluate its protective efficacy in growing pigs. The second was to determine the optimum adjuvant formulation of the inactivated PEDV vaccine that induces protection against viral challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS To generate high titers of infectious PEDV, the QIAP1401 isolate was passaged in Vero cells. The experimental vaccines were prepared from a binary ethyleneimine-inactivated QIAP1401 strain passaged sequentially 70 times (QIAP1401-p70), formulated with four commercial adjuvants, and administered twice intramuscularly to growing pigs. Challenge studies using a virulent homologous strain of PEDV QIAP1401-p11, which was passaged 11 times after isolation, were performed to assess protection against disease progression and viral shedding during the 15-day observation period. The vaccine-induced antibody responses were measured in serum samples collected at predetermined time points by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization test. RESULTS The QIAP1401-p70 strain had 42 amino acid (aa) mutations, including a 25 aa deletion, and was selected as the inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate. Although none of the pigs that received the experimental vaccines were completely protected against subsequent viral challenge, they exhibited a significantly higher immune response than did non-vaccinated control pigs. Among the vaccine groups, the highest antibody responses were observed in the pigs that received an oil-based multiphasic water/oil/water (W/O/W) emulsion adjuvanted vaccine, which delayed the onset of clinical symptoms and viral shedding. CONCLUSION A novel inactivated PEDV vaccine formulated with a W/O/W emulsion adjuvant was both immunogenic and protective against viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Heon Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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Kim SI, Kim HH, Seong BJ, Jee MG, Lee KS, Kim HG, Kweon KB. Influence of Soil Flooding with Organic Matters Amendment on Reducing the Root Rot Disease and Content of Ginsenosides in Ginseng Crops. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SI Kim
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, CNARES, Geumsan-gun, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - HH Kim
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, CNARES, Geumsan-gun, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - BJ Seong
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, CNARES, Geumsan-gun, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - MG Jee
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, CNARES, Geumsan-gun, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - KS Lee
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, CNARES, Geumsan-gun, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - HG Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - KB Kweon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee KK, Yoo JY, Seomun H, Cho IS. Mass vaccination has led to the elimination of rabies since 2014 in South Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2017; 6:111-119. [PMID: 28775975 PMCID: PMC5540959 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rabies is one of the most fatal diseases, but it is 100% preventable in animals by vaccination. In this study, we present the epidemiological features of, and national preventive measures against, rabies in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data related to rabies and the population density of raccoon dogs in Korea were collected from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Environmental Research. Rabies diagnosis was confirmed with a fluorescent antibody test using brain samples of animals in accordance with the procedures described by the World Organization for Animal Health. Serological assays for dogs and cattle were conducted using the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test. RESULTS From 1993 to 2016, a total of seven human rabies cases and 437 animal rabies cases in five different species were reported. An increase in the distribution of bait vaccine seemed to be related to a dramatic decrease in rabies prevalence in endemic rabies regions. Two Korean provinces and the capital city, Seoul, were involved in rabies outbreaks. Korean rabies strains are most closely related to the eastern Chinese strain belonging to the Arctic-like lineage. The yearly seropositive rates ranged from 50.4% to 81.2% in dogs and from 25% to 60.5% in cattle residing in endemic rabies regions. CONCLUSION This study indicates that national preventive measures, including mass vaccination and distribution of bait vaccines, have contributed to a substantial decrease in the number of rabies cases in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Hong Seomun
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee SH, Jeong WH, Tark D, Cho IS. A genetically modified rabies vaccine (ERAGS) induces protective immunity in dogs and cattle. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2017; 6:128-134. [PMID: 28775977 PMCID: PMC5540961 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current live attenuated rabies vaccine must be replaced with a safer vaccine based on the ERAGS strain to prevent rabies in South Korea. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a new strain in dogs and cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ERAGS strain, featuring two mutations altering two amino acids in a glycoprotein of rabies virus, was propagated in NG108-15 cells. We lyophilized the virus in the presence of two different stabilizers to evaluate the utilities of such preparations as novel rabies vaccines for animals. To explore safety and immunogenicity, dogs and cattle were inoculated with the vaccine at various doses via different routes and observed daily for 8 weeks post-inoculation (WPI). Immunogenicity was evaluated using a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The two different stabilizers did not differ greatly in terms of maintenance of virus viability in accelerated stability testing. No clinical signs of rabies developed in dogs or cattle inoculated with the vaccines (107.0 FAID50/mL). Dogs and cattle inoculated intramuscularly with 105.0 FAID50/mL exhibited virus neutralization assay titers of 4.6 IU/mL and 1.5 to 0.87 IU/mL at 4 WPI, respectively. All control animals remained rabies virus-seronegative throughout, confirming that no contact transmission occurred between vaccinated and control animals. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the new rabies vaccine is safe and immunogenic in dogs and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Woong-Ho Jeong
- Kangwondo Veterinary Service Laboratory, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Dongseop Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Kim HH, Yang DK, Nah JJ, Song JY, Cho IS. Comparison of the protective efficacy between single and combination of recombinant adenoviruses expressing complete and truncated glycoprotein, and nucleoprotein of the pathogenic street rabies virus in mice. Virol J 2017. [PMID: 28646885 PMCID: PMC5483267 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is an important viral zoonosis that causes acute encephalitis and death in mammals. To date, several recombinant vaccines have been developed based on G protein, which is considered to be the main antigen, and these vaccines are used for rabies control in many countries. Most recombinant viruses expressing RABV G protein retain the G gene from attenuated RABV. Not enough is currently known about the protective effect against RABV of a combination of recombinant adenoviruses expressing the G and N proteins of pathogenic street RABV. Methods We constructed a recombinant adenovirus (Ad-0910Gsped) expressing the signal peptide and ectodomain (sped) of G protein of the Korean street strain, and evaluated the immunological protection conferred by a single and combination of three kinds of recombinant adenoviruses (Ad-0910Gsped and Ad-0910G with or without Ad-0910 N) in mice. Results A combination of Ad-0910G and Ad-0910 N conferred improved immunity against intracranial challenge compared to single administration of Ad-0910G. The Ad-0910G virus, expressing the complete G protein, was more immunogenic than Ad-0910Gsped, which expressed a truncated G protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains removed. Additionally, oral vaccination using a combination of viruses led to complete protection. Conclusions Our results suggest that this combination of viruses is a viable new intramuscular and oral vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, MAFRA, Republic of Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Choi SS, Hyun BH, Song JY. An oral Aujeszky's disease vaccine (YS-400) induces neutralizing antibody in pigs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016; 5:132-7. [PMID: 27489803 PMCID: PMC4969277 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aujeszky's disease (AD) is an economically important disease affecting both wild and domestic pigs of the species Sus scrofa. A previous study yielded serological evidence of AD in Korean wild boars, which could spread AD to other animals. A new Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) bait vaccine is required to prevent AD outbreaks in swine. In the present study, we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a gE-deleted marker vaccine, strain YS-400, in young domestic pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The YS-400 strain was propagated in Vero cells, and the trial ADV bait vaccine (a vaccine blister in a matrix including an attractant) was prepared. Pigs were orally immunized with the vaccine (2 mL, 10(7.5) TCID50/mL) delivered using a syringe or in the bait vaccine. The animals were observed for 9 weeks after vaccination, and immunogenicity was assessed using a virus neutralization (VN) test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The YS-400 strain was non-pathogenic to pigs when given orally and induced high VN titers (1:32-1:128) 6 weeks post-administration. Of the pigs given the ADV bait vaccine twice or three times, 40% were seropositive by 2 weeks, and 100% were seropositive by 7 weeks after the first dose. Pigs that consumed the AD bait vaccine three times developed VN titers that were slightly higher than those of pigs given the vaccine twice. CONCLUSION Domestic pigs given the trial ADV bait vaccine exhibited no adverse effects and developed high VN titers against ADV, indicating that the YS-400 strain is safe and can prevent ADV infection in domestic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Choi SS, Lee SH, Cho IS. A recombinant rabies virus (ERAGS) for use in a bait vaccine for swine. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016; 5:169-74. [PMID: 27489807 PMCID: PMC4969281 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rabies viruses (RABV) circulating worldwide in various carnivores occasionally cause fatal encephalitis in swine. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant rabies virus, the ERAGS strain constructed with a reverse genetics system, was evaluated in domestic pigs. Materials and Methods Growing pigs were administered 1 mL (108.0 FAID50/mL) of the ERAGS strain via intramuscular (IM) or oral routes and were observed for 4 weeks' post-inoculation. Three sows were also inoculated with 1 mL of the ERAGS strain via the IM route. The safety and immunogenicity in swine were evaluated using daily observation and a virus-neutralizing assay (VNA). Fluorescent antibody tests (FAT) for the RABV antigen and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of RABV were conducted with brain tissues from the sows after necropsy. Results The growing pigs and sows administered the ERAGS strain did not exhibit any clinical sign of rabies during the test period test and did develop VNA titers. The growing pigs inoculated with the ERAGS strain via the IM route showed higher VNA titers than did those receiving oral administration. FAT and RT-PCR assays were unable to detect RABV in several tissues, including brain samples from the sows. Conclusion Our results suggest that the ERAGS strain was safe in growing pigs and sows and induced moderate VNA titers in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Choi SS, Kim JT, Lee KB, Lee SH, Cho IS. Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant rabies virus (ERAGS) in mice and raccoon dogs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016; 5:159-68. [PMID: 27489806 PMCID: PMC4969280 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The development of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine applicable to wild raccoon dogs is necessary for the eradication of rabies in Korea. Thus, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) called the ERAGS strain, using a reverse genetic system and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. Materials and Methods ERAGS, which has Asn194Ser and Arg333Glu substitutions in the glycoprotein, was constructed using site-directed mutagenesis. Mice were inoculated with the ERAGS strain (either 105.0 or 107.0 FAID50/mL) via intramuscular (IM) or intracranial injections and then challenged with a virulent RABV. Raccoon dogs were administered the ERAGS strain (108.0 FAID50/mL) either orally or via the IM route and the immunogenicity of the strain was evaluated using fluorescent antibody virus neutralization tests. Results The ERAGS strain inoculated into murine neuroblastoma cells reached 107.8 FAID50/mL at 96-hour post-inoculation. The virus was not pathogenic and induced complete protection from virulent RABV in immunized 4- and 6-week-old mice. Korean raccoon dogs immunized with the ERAGS strain via IM or oral route were also safe from the virus and developed high titer levels (26.4-32.8 IU/mL) of virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) at 4 weeks post-inoculation. Conclusion The ERAGS RABV strain was effectively protective against rabies in mice and produced a high VNA titer in raccoon dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Tack Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kang-Bok Lee
- Jeonnam Wildlife Management Center, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Gimcheon, Korea
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Han E, Popova E, Cho G, Park S, Lee S, Pritchard HW, Kim HH. POST-HARVEST EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN GINSENG SEEDS INCREASES DESICCATION SENSITIVITY AND NARROWS THE HYDRATION WINDOW FOR CRYOPRESERVATION. Cryo Letters 2016; 37:284-294. [PMID: 27925011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its self-pollinating characteristics, Korean ginseng germplasm is mainly maintained in clonal gene banks as there is no defined approach to the long-term conservation of its seed, including the most appropriate stage of embryo development for storage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of embryo development on desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation success in ginseng seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seeds of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at three post-harvest stages (immediately after harvesting and following treatments to enable internal growth of the embryo) were desiccated and cryopreserved. RESULTS The hydration window for the >80% dehiscence and germination of cryopreserved ginseng seeds varied with embryo developmental stage: 3-9% moisture content (MC) for both unpulped and undehisced seeds when the embryo was 0.1 the length of the endosperm, 7-10% MC for dehisced seeds (0.5 embryo:endosperm) and 9-11% MC for seeds with fully developed embryos (0.9 embryo:endosperm). Whilst dried (4-8% moisture content) and undehisced seeds within fruits (unpulped seeds) lost more than half their viability during 1 year's storage at room temperature, cryopreservation enabled germination levels of c. 90%. Overall, 432 accessions of Korean ginseng landraces have been cryopreserved using undehisced seeds with or without fruits. CONCLUSION Post-harvest treatment of Korean ginseng seeds to enable embryo development decreases tolerance of very low MCs, and thus narrows the hydration window for cryopreservation. Fresh-harvested and unpulped seeds that have been dried to c. 5% MC are recommended for long-term cryogenic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Han
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA-NAAS, Suwon, Korea
| | - E Popova
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, Univ. Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - G Cho
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA-NAAS, Suwon, Korea
| | - S Park
- Division of Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Dept. of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - H W Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - H H Kim
- Dept. of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Nah JJ, Song JY. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Variant Recombinant VP60 Protein Induces Protective Immunogenicity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1504.04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Sukegawa M, Chihara N, Suzuki H, Watanabe M, Nomura S, Uchida E, Napoliello D, Mykytiuk S, Vlasov V, Pidmurniak O, Prystupa M, Latynskyi E, Pidoprygora YU, Brytanchuk R, Demiryas S, Kucuk Y, Umman V, Ulualp K, Ertem M, Tasci I, Ahn S, Park DJ, Kim HH, Morgell A, Nilsson H, Nordin P, Angerås U, Sandblom G. Topic: Femoral Hernia - Approach, results. Hernia 2015; 19 Suppl 1:S220-2. [PMID: 26518808 DOI: 10.1007/bf03355357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sukegawa
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School - Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - N Chihara
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School - Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School - Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School - Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - S Nomura
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School - Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - E Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Napoliello
- Sarasota Memoral Healthcare System, Sarasota, USA
| | - S Mykytiuk
- Khmelnytskyi Basic Medical College, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - V Vlasov
- Vinnitsa National Medical University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - O Pidmurniak
- Surgical Department of Khmelnytskyi Regional Hospital, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - M Prystupa
- Surgical Department of Khmelnytskyi Regional Hospital, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - E Latynskyi
- Surgical Department of Khmelnytskyi Regional Hospital, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - Y U Pidoprygora
- Surgical Department of Khmelnytskyi Regional Hospital, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - R Brytanchuk
- Surgical Department of Khmelnytskyi Regional Hospital, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - S Demiryas
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Kucuk
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V Umman
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Ulualp
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Ertem
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Tasci
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - D J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - A Morgell
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - P Nordin
- Östersunds Sjukhus, Östersund, Sweden
| | - U Angerås
- Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Sandblom
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Park SU, Kim HH. CRYOPRESERVATION OF SWEET POTATO SHOOT TIPS USING A DROPLET-VITRIFICATION PROCEDURE. Cryo Letters 2015; 36:344-352. [PMID: 26574682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet potato is a staple food worldwide, but a problematic species in terms of long term storage, as it is not suitable for germplasm conservation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop cryopreservation protocols for sweet potato shoot tips based on a droplet-vitrification procedure. METHODS As a standard procedure, sweet potato shoot tips were precultured in a liquid MS medium supplemented with 10% sucrose (S-10%) and 17.5% sucrose (S-17.5%) for 31 and 17 h, respectively. They were then osmoprotected with C4-35% (17.5% glycerol + 17.5% sucrose) for 50 min and cryoprotected with PVS3 (50% glycerol + 50% sucrose) for 60 min. A set of experiments was designed to investigate critical factors, i.e. stepwise sucrose preculture, osmoprotection, cryoprotection with PVS2- and PVS3-based vitrification solutions, and their combinational effect, as well as temperature alteration through placement in a cooling/rewarming container. RESULTS Sucrose preculture was determined to be necessary for the adaptation of sweet potato shoot tips to cryoprotection with PVS3, and the highest post-thaw (LN) regeneration rate was observed in a preculture with S-10% for 31 h → S-17.5% for 17 h (19.0%). The effect of one-step or two-step osmoprotection was not significant on survival or regeneration of either the cryoprotected-control (LNC) or LN shoot tips. Responses of sweet potato shoot tips to osmoprotection and cryoprotection were linked to the level of sucrose preculture. The use of alumimium foil strips (droplet-vitrification) resulted in significantly higher LN survival (89.8%) and regeneration (19.0%), compared to those using cryovials (vitrification, 67.2% and 0%, respectively). LN regeneration increased by 67.5% when cryopreserved shoot tips were transferred to a new postculture medium. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the combination of stepwise sucrose preculture with a higher final concentration (up to 17.5%), cryoprotection with PVS3 and cooling with foil strip is crucial to the regeneration of LN sweet potato shoot tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Park
- Division of Plant Science and Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
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Nah JJ, Yang DK, Kim HH, Song JY. The present and future of veterinary vaccines for Japanese encephalitis in Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:130-6. [PMID: 26273571 PMCID: PMC4524897 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects approximately 50,000 people annually in Asia, causing 10,000 deaths. Considering the role of pigs as the virus-amplifying host and the economic loss in the swine industry, JE is an important disease for both public and animal health. A nationwide JE virus (JEV) vaccination program has been conducted annually for more than 30 years to prevent severe reproductive disorders in the Korean sow population. Remarkable progress in molecular biology has made it possible to analyze the genome of the vaccine strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. However, the scientific record of the current JEV veterinary vaccine has not been reported. Therefore, this article outlines the current JEV vaccine strain used in animals and discusses future directions for developing new veterinary JEV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Nah
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Choi J, Yang DK, Kim HH, Jo HY, Choi SS, Kim JT, Cho IS, Kim HW. Application of recombinant adenoviruses expressing glycoprotein or nucleoprotein of rabies virus to Korean raccoon dogs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:189-94. [PMID: 26273578 PMCID: PMC4524904 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A new rabies vaccine for animals, including raccoon dogs, in Korea is needed to eradicate rabies infection. In this study, we constructed two recombinant adenoviruses expressing the glycoprotein or nucleoprotein of the rabies virus (RABV). We then investigated the safety and immunogenicity of these strains in raccoon dogs, depending on inoculation route. Materials and Methods Recombinant adenoviruses expressing the glycoprotein (Ad-0910G) or nucleoprotein (Ad-0910N) of rabies were constructed in 293A cells using an adenoviral system. One-year-old raccoon dogs underwent intramuscular (IM) inoculation or oral administration of the recombinant Ad-0910G and Ad-0910N. Clinical symptoms were observed and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) against RABV were measured at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the immunization. Raccoons were considered positive if VNA titers were ≥ 0.1 IU/mL. Results Raccoon dogs inoculated with the combined Ad-0910G and Ad-0910N virus via the IM route did not exhibit any clinical sign of rabies during the observation period. All raccoon dogs (n = 7) immunized IM had high VNA titers, ranging from 0.17 to 41.6 IU/mL at 2 weeks after inoculation, but 70% (7/10) of raccoon dogs administered viruses via the oral route responded by 6 weeks after administration against RABV. Conclusion Raccoon dogs inoculated with Ad-0910G and Ad-0910N viruses showed no adverse effects. Immunization with the combined Ad-0910G and Ad-0910N strains may play an important role in inducing VNA against RABV in raccoon dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ye Jo
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Taek Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Kim
- Wild Life Center, Gyeonggi-do Veterinary Service Laboratory, Pyeongtack, Korea
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Jeon TY, Lee SY, Kim HH, Cho YH, Cho AR. Short-term effect of gastric resection on circulating levels of ghrelin, peptide YY3-36 and obestatin in patients with early gastric cancer. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:297-302. [PMID: 25719735 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The short-term responses of gut hormones and the compensative interaction during a one-week period after subtotal gastrectomy in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients were assessed. Previous studies have reported gut hormonal changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with EGC preoperatively, at 1 h after gastric resection, and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3, and 7. Levels of active ghrelin, total ghrelin, obestatin, and PYY3-36 were measured. Total ghrelin level rapidly reached a nadir of 69.1%, while active ghrelin level had increased to 135.5% at 1 h after resection. Then, both returned to preoperative level. On the contrary, active/total ghrelin reached its nadir quickly at 1 h after resection and had returned to the preoperative level by POD 3. The nadir PYY3-36 level was 71.4% on POD 1, followed by a gradual recovery, and had increased to 116.5% by POD 7. The same pattern was observed for obestatin. Active ghrelin/obestatin showed an increase on POD 1 while total ghrelin/obestatin showed a decrease on POD 3. Then, both returned to preoperative level. These results suggest that a rapid interactive compensatory mechanism of gut hormones does exist in the remnant gastrointestinal tract after abrupt changes in the production reservoir in nonobese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Medical Education Unit and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Y H Cho
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - A R Cho
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Choi SS, Kim JT, Jeong WH, Song JY. Oral immunization of mice with recombinant rabies vaccine strain (ERAG3G) induces complete protection. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:107-13. [PMID: 25648184 PMCID: PMC4313102 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE New rabies vaccine bait for both pets and raccoon dogs residing in Korea is needed to eradicate rabies infection among animals. In this study, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV), the ERAG3G strain, using a reverse genetics system. Then we investigated the efficacy of this strain in mice after oral administration and the safety of this strain in cats after intramuscular administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ERAG3G strain was rescued in BHK/T7-9 cells using the full-length genome mutated at the amino acid position 333 of the glycoprotein gene of RABV and helper plasmids. Four-week-old mice underwent one or two oral administrations of the ERAG3G strain and were challenged with the highly virulent RABV strain CVSN2c 14 days after the second administration. Clinical symptoms were observed and body weights were measured every day after the challenge. RESULTS All mice showed complete protection against virulent RABV. In addition, cats intramuscularly inoculated with the ERAG3G strain showed high antibody titers ranging from 2.62 to 23.9 IU/mL at 28-day postinoculation. CONCLUSION The oral immunization of the ERAG3G strain plays an important role in conferring complete protection in mice, and intramuscular inoculation of the ERAG3G strain induces the formation of anti-rabies neutralizing antibody in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Taek Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woong-Ho Jeong
- Gangwon-do Veterinary Service Laboratory, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Ku JH, Kang M, Kim HS, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim HH. The prognostic value of pretreatment of systemic inflammatory responses in patients with urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical cystectomy. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:461-7. [PMID: 25584490 PMCID: PMC4453653 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) is important in the relationship between the tumour, the host, and outcome in cancer patients. However, limited data exist regarding the prognostic significance of SIR in bladder cancer. We investigate the utility of pretreatment SIR in patients with urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 419 patients with a median follow-up of 37.7 months. The SIRs used for each described prognostic nomogram are consistent with previously published data: C-reactive protein, albumin, white cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count. Primary end point was disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) after surgery. Cox regression models were used to determine the time to disease-specific and overall mortality. Multivariate regression coefficients of the predictors were used to develop nomograms for predicting 5-year DSS and OS probability. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that albumin, lymphocyte count, and platelet count were significantly associated with a significantly increased risk for death from bladder cancer. The nomograms including each index were developed to predict the probability of 5-year DSS and OS after radical cystectomy. The C statistics were 77.8% and 77.3%, respectively, and exceeded the 2002 AJCC (72.0% and 70.3%, respectively). In the decision curve analyses, the nomograms including SIR demonstrated higher net benefit gains compared with the models without SIR. Conclusions: Cellular components of SIR have better prognostic values compared with acute-phase protein in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kang
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee KE, Choi HW, Kim HH, Song JY, Yang DK. Prevalence and Characterization ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeIsolated from Korean Pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | | | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Cao GP, Arooj M, Thangapandian S, Park C, Arulalapperumal V, Kim Y, Kwon YJ, Kim HH, Suh JK, Lee KW. A lazy learning-based QSAR classification study for screening potential histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitors. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2015; 26:397-420. [PMID: 25986171 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases 8 (HDAC8) is an enzyme repressing the transcription of various genes including tumour suppressor gene and has already become a target of human cancer treatment. In an effort to facilitate the discovery of HDAC8 inhibitors, two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) classification models were developed using K nearest neighbours (KNN) and neighbourhood classifier (NEC). Molecular descriptors were calculated for the data set and database compounds using ADRIANA.Code of Molecular Networks. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to select the descriptors. The developed models were validated by leave-one-out cross validation (LOO CV). The performances of the developed models were evaluated with an external test set. Highly predictive models were used for database virtual screening. Furthermore, hit compounds were subsequently subject to molecular docking. Five hits were obtained based on consensus scoring function and binding affinity as potential HDAC8 inhibitors. Finally, HDAC8 structures in complex with five hits were also subjected to 5 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the complex structure stability. To the best of our knowledge, the NEC classification model used in this study is the first application of NEC to virtual screening for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Cao
- a Department of Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program) , Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Centre (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Kim HH, Park JS, Shin HJ, Cha JH, Chae EY, Choi WJ. Prediction of pathological complete response of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: usefulness of breast MRI computer-aided detection. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140142. [PMID: 25162970 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of MR computer-aided detection (CAD) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for prediction of the pathological complete response of tumours. METHODS 148 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 47.3 years; range, 29-72 years) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in our study. They underwent MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and we reviewed the pathological result as the gold standard. The computer-generated kinetic features for each lesion were recorded, and the features analysed included "threshold enhancement" at 50% and 100% minimum thresholds; degree of initial peak enhancement; and enhancement profiles comprising lesion percentages of washout, plateau and persistent enhancement. The final pathological size and character of tumours were correlated with post-chemotherapy mammography, ultrasonography and MR CAD findings. Kruskal-Wallis test and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to analyse the findings. RESULTS We divided the 148 patients into complete pathological response and non-complete pathological response groups. A complete pathological response was defined as no histopathological evidence of any residual invasive cancer cells in the breast or axillary lymph nodes. 39 patients showed complete pathological response, and 109 patients showed non-complete pathological response. Between enhancement profiles of MR CAD, plateau proportion of tumours was significantly correlated with the pathological response of tumours (mean proportion of plateau on complete pathological response group was 27%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION When plateau proportion of tumours is high, we can predict non-complete pathological response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE MR CAD can be a useful tool for the assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prediction of pathological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang DK, Nakagawa K, Ito N, Kim HH, Hyun BH, Nah JJ, Sugiyama M, Song JY. A single immunization with recombinant rabies virus (ERAG3G) confers complete protection against rabies in mice. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2014; 3:176-84. [PMID: 25003091 PMCID: PMC4083070 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose New alternative bait rabies vaccines applicable to pet dogs and wild animals are needed to eradicate rabies in Korea. In this study, recombinant rabies virus, ERAG3G strain was constructed using reverse genetic system and the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of the ERAG3G strain was evaluated in mice and dogs. Materials and Methods Using the full-length genome mutated amino acid at position 333 of glycoprotein of rabies virus (RABV) and helper plasmids, the ERAG3G strain was rescued in BHK/T7-9 cells successfully. Mice were inoculated with the ERAG3G strain for safety and efficacy. Safety and immunogenicity of the dog inoculated with the ERAG3G strain (1 mL, 108.0 FAID50/mL) via intramuscular route was evaluated for 28 days after inoculation. Results The ERAG3G strain rescued by reverse genetic system was propagated well in the mouse neuroblastoma cells revealing titer of 108.5 FAID50/mL and was not pathogenic to 4- or 6-week-old mice that received by intramuscular or intracranical route. Immunization with the ERAG3G strain conferred complete protection from lethal RABV in mice. Dogs inoculated with the vaccine candidate via intramuscular route showed high neutralizing antibody titer ranging from 2.62 to 23.9 IU/mL at 28 days postinoculation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the ERAG3G strain plays an important role in inducing protective efficacy in mice and causes to arise anti-rabies neutralizing antibody in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- The United Graduated School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Yang DK, Nah JJ, Kim HH, Song JY. Inactivated genotype 1 Japanese encephalitis vaccine for swine. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2014; 3:212-9. [PMID: 25003095 PMCID: PMC4083074 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Japanese encephalitis is a reproductive disorder caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in swine. Recent genotype (G) shift phenomenon (G3 to G1) in the Asia-wide has posed a challenge for proper prevention by the current vaccine strain. Thus, new kinds of JEV G1 vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity have been required for pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant porcine granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (reporGM-CSF) protein was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells using baculovirus expression system. Two kinds of trials with inactivated JEV vaccines containing IMS1313 adjuvant (Seppic, France) were prepared with or without reporGM-CSF protein. Safety and immunogenicity of the pigs inoculated with the JEV vaccines via intramuscular route was evaluated for 28 days after inoculation. RESULTS Mice, guinea pigs, and fattening pigs inoculated with the inactivated vaccine showed no signs for 14 and 21 days. Both hemagglutination inhibition and plaque reduction neutralizing antibody titers were significantly higher in pigs immunized with the vaccine containing reporGM-CSF protein after boosting. However, on the side of vaccine efficacy, most mice (87%) immunized with the inactivated JEV vaccine survived after virulent JEV challenge. Whereas the group with the vaccine containing reporGM-CSF protein showed lower protective effects than the vaccine alone for the biological activity of the GM-CSF depending on species specific. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that animals inoculated with the JEV vaccines was safe and pigs inoculated with inactivated JEV vaccine containing reporGM-CSF protein showed higher humoral immune responses than that of inactivated JEV vaccine without reporGM-CSF protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Anyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Anyang, Korea
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Mun HS, Kim HH, Shin HJ, Cha JH, Ruppel PL, Oh HY, Chae EY. Assessment of extent of breast cancer: comparison between digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammography. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:1254-9. [PMID: 23969151 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in preoperative assessment of local extent of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lesion sizes of breast cancers on DBT and FFDM images were independently evaluated by breast radiologists. Each lesion was flagged as either mis-sized or not depending on whether the assessment of size at imaging was within 1 cm of the lesion size at surgery. Additional analyses were made by mammographic parenchymal density and by lesion size, using 2 cm as the boundary to separate the two subgroups. Statistical comparisons were performed using a repeated measures linear model on the percent mis-sized. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The dataset included 173 malignant breast lesions (mean size 23.8 mm, 43% of lesions were ≤2 cm in size) in 169 patients, two-thirds of which had heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts. Overall, the percentage of lesions mis-sized at DBT was significantly lower than at FFDM (19% versus 29%, p = 0.003). There was significantly less mis-sizing at DBT in both heterogeneously dense breasts (11.1% difference between DBT and FFDM, p = 0.016) and extremely dense breasts (15.8% difference, p = 0.024). DBT also had significantly less mis-sizing than FFDM in the subgroup of lesions that were ≤2 cm in size (14.7% difference, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION DBT was significantly superior to FFDM for the evaluation of lesion size overall, and specifically for small lesions and for lesions in dense breasts. The superiority of DBT versus FFDM increased with parenchymal density.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Mun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Check-up, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim HH, Park JG, Matthijnssens J, Kim HJ, Kwon HJ, Son KY, Ryu EH, Kim DS, Lee WS, Kang MI, Yang DK, Lee JH, Park SJ, Cho KO. Pathogenicity of porcine G9P[23] and G9P[7] rotaviruses in piglets. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:123-37. [PMID: 23827353 PMCID: PMC7117468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
G9 group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are considered important pathogens in pigs and humans, and pigs are hypothesized to be a potential host reservoir for human. However, intestinal and extra-intestinal pathogenicity and viremia of porcine G9 RVAs has remained largely unreported. In this study, colostrum-deprived piglets were orally infected with a porcine G9P[23] or G9P[7] strain. Histopathologically, both strains induced characteristic small intestinal lesions. Degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells were observed in the extra-intestinal tissues, but most predominantly in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). RVA antigen was continuously detected in the small intestinal mucosa and MLNs, but only transiently in cells of the liver, lung, and choroid plexus. Viral RNA levels were much higher in the feces and the MLNs compared to other tissues. The onset of viremia occurred at day post infection (DPI) 1 with the amount of viral RNA reaching its peak at DPI 3 or 5, before decreasing significantly at DPI 7 and remaining detectable until DPI 14. Our data suggest that porcine G9 RVAs have a strong small intestinal tropism, are highly virulent for piglets, have the ability to escape the small intestine, spread systemically via viremia, and replicate in extra-intestinal tissues. In addition, MLNs might act as a secondary site for viral amplification and the portal of systemic entry. These results add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of human G9 RVAs, and the validity of the pig model for use with both human and pig G9 RVAs in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Choi SR, Lee HW, Ahn DH, Kang EK, Kwak MH. Dynamic water gravity rotation for endoscopic submucosal dissection: changing the location of the lesion. Endoscopy 2013; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E283-4. [PMID: 22933257 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1310020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee KW, Song JY. The present and future of rabies vaccine in animals. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 2:19-25. [PMID: 23596586 PMCID: PMC3623496 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2013.2.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective strategy for preventing rabies consists of controlling rabies in the host reservoir with vaccination. Rabies vaccine has proven to be the most effective weapon for coping with this fatal viral zoonotic disease of warm-blooded animals, including human. Natural rabies infection of an individual is always associated with exposure to rabid animals, and the duration of clinical signs can vary from days to months. The incubation period for the disease depends on the site of the bite, severity of injury, and the amount of infecting virus at the time of exposure. The mortality of untreated cases in humans is 100%. Over the last 100 years, various rabies vaccines have been developed and used to prevent or control rabies in animals, such as modified live vaccine, inactivated rabies vaccine, and oral modified live vaccine. These have proved safe and efficacious worldwide. New-generation rabies vaccines, including recombinant rabies virus-based vaccines, vectored vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, and plant vaccines, have been explored to overcome the limitations of conventional rabies vaccines. This article discusses current and next-generation rabies vaccines in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
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Jo JC, Kang MJ, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Kim JE, Gong G, Kim HH, Ahn SD, Kim SS, Son BH, Ahn SH, Kim SB. Abstract P3-12-05: Clinical features and outcomes of leptomeningeal metastasis in patients with breast cancer: a single center experience. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p3-12-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is one of the major problems in managing metastatic breast cancer because of LM typically carries a devastating prognosis and often represents a terminal event. We analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of LM in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with LM from breast cancer between 2002 and 2012 at Asan Medical Center.
Results: Of the 95 LM patients by cytologically proven (n = 81) or radiologically diagnosed (n = 14), 57 (60%) had an ECOG performance status (PS) ≥ 3, and the median age was 47 years (range, 26–72 years). The patients were diagnosed with LM after a median of 10.3 months (95% CI, 5.5–15.0 months) from the time of diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. LM was present in 2 patients at the time of initial diagnosis. Twenty-three patients (24.2%) had isolated CNS metastasis, and 6 (6.3%) had only LM without any detectable metastasis sites. At the time of diagnosis of LM, 46 patients (48.4%) presented with coincidental failure of systemic disease control. Seventy-eight patients (82.1%) underwent intrathecal chemotherapy (methotrexate; n=78, thiotepa; n=11), resulting in one-third of cytologic negative conversion (n = 26), and 41 (43.2%) received systemic chemotherapy. The overall median survival time was 3.3 months (95% CI, 2.5–4.2 months) and 7.8% of the patients survived for more than 1 year. Overall survival tended to be better in patients who achieved cytologic negative conversion to intrathecal chemotherapy than those did not (median 4.5 months versus 3.2 months, P = 0.241). Overall survival was not different according to subtypes; hormone receptor (+), HER2 (+), and triple negative (median 3.6 months, 3.3 months, and 3.2 months, P = 0.937). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ECOG PS ≥ 3 (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.21–3.58, P = 0.007), coincidental failure of systemic disease control at LM (HR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.76–5.15, P < 0.001), and systemic chemotherapy after LM (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.68, P = 0.001) were independent factors associated with survival.
Conclusions: The prognosis for patients with LM from breast cancer was still poor. Systemic chemotherapy in addition to intrathecal chemotherapy might confer a survival benefit, even after the detection of LM.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Jo
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - MJ Kang
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Ahn
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - KH Jung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JE Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G Gong
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - HH Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SD Ahn
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SS Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - BH Son
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SH Ahn
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-B Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho JY, Ahn SH, Lee JW, Yu JH, Koh BS, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Son BH, Gong GY, Kim HH. Abstract P3-01-02: Correlation of Mammographic breast density and tumor characteristics in Korean breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p3-01-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Western studies have demonstrated high breast density as a strong risk factor for breast cancer, it is poorly understood whether breast density affects the diverse phenotypes of breast cancer. We examined the association between various tumor characteristics and mammographic breast density in women with breast cancer.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 910 Korean women diagnosed with breast cancer to evaluate the associations between breast density and tumor size, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, histologic grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2. Breast density was classified as fatty (percent density less than 50% by a computer-assisted thresholding program, named “Cumulus™”; n = 470) or dense (percent density 50% or more; n = 440) for the cancer-free breast at the time of operation. Logistic regression was used to examine whether the relationships were modified by adjustment for body mass index, age at diagnosis, age at first birth, menopausal status, history of breast-feeding, and breast cancer staging.
Results: Total 910 patients were involved, the mean age and median age at the operation was 48 years old (range 20–82), and the mean percent density was 48.09 (SD = 9.62 %: normally distributed, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test p = 0.32). Crude analysis shows that tumor size over than 0.5cm were more likely to have dense breasts compared with women with a tumor size <=0.5 cm (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.59–6.45, p = 0.001 for tumor sizes 0.6–1.0cm; OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.09–3.74, p = 0.03 for tumor sizes 1.1–1.5cm; OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.97–3.33, p = 0.06 for tumor sizes 1.6–2.0cm; and OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.92–2.94, p = 0.1 for tumor sizes 2.1cm or more). PD and histologic grade shows reverse association between histologic grade 1 and grade 2,3. Progesteron receptor positive patients tend to have more dense(OR = 1.27, 95% CI=0.97–1.66, p = 0.07) breast than receptor negative patients, although after adjustment of age the statistical significant disappeared. Percent density was not significantly associated with, ER (p = 0.74), HER2 (p = 0.72).
Conclusion: These results suggest that breast density is associated with tumor size and histologic grade and progesterone receptor positivity. Additional studies are needed to address whether these associations are due to just density masking the detection of some tumors, biological causation, or both.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- JY Cho
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Ahn
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JW Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Yu
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BS Koh
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HJ Kim
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JW Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BH Son
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-y Gong
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HH Kim
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Popova EV, Shin DJ, Bae CH, Baek HJ, Park SU, Engelmann F. Development of a droplet-vitrification protocol for cryopreservation of Rubia akane (Nakai) hairy roots using a systematic approach. Cryo Letters 2012; 33:506-517. [PMID: 23250410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic approach using a set of 13 treatments was applied to develop a droplet-vitrification protocol for Rubia akane hairy roots, based on their responses to preculture, loading, dehydration and cooling/rewarming steps. The roots were very sensitive to osmotic stress induced by both preculture in liquid sucrose-enriched medium (up to 0.5 M sucrose) and by dehydration with highly concentrated vitrification solutions (VSs). Loading was necessary before dehydration of explants with VS, and the composition of the loading solution (LS) significantly affected their post-cryopreservation regeneration. Due to high sensitivity of roots to both chemical cytotoxicity and osmotic stress produced by VSs, cryoprotection with alternative VSs, i.e. B5-80 percent (40 percent glycerol + 40 percent sucrose, w/v) at room temperature for 15 min or with A3-70 percent (29.2 percent glycerol + 11.7 percent DMSO + 11.7 percent EG + 17.4 percent sucrose, w/v) at 0 degree C for 20 min ensured the highest post-cryopreservation regeneration. However, when using these solutions, endothermic peaks (enthalpies) with -2.9 and -5.8 J per gram fresh weight, respectively, were recorded by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) during the rewarming phase. Droplet-vitrification using foil strips showed higher post-cryopreservation regeneration (86 percent) compared with vitrification in cryovials (59 percent), possibly due to the higher cooling and rewarming rates achieved with droplet-vitrification. The developed protocol was applied to hairy roots of five other species with minor modifications in explant type, the duration of the last subculture before explant excision, and the dehydration duration with VS B5-80 percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA-NAAS, Suwon, Korea
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Kim HH, Park SJ, Park MI, Moon W. Hyaluronic acid injection for sustained control of bleeding from a sclerotic ulcer base. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E169-70. [PMID: 22622726 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Shin DJ, Kong H, Popova EV, Moon HK, Park SY, Park SU, Lee SC, Kim HH. Cryopreservation of Kalopanax septemlobus embryogenic callus using vitrification and droplet-vitrification. Cryo Letters 2012; 33:402-410. [PMID: 23224373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cryopreservation protocol has been developed for embryogenic callus cultures of castor aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus), a deciduous tree which is widely used in oriental medicine and in landscape design. Three preculture treatments, four loading and six vitrification solutions were tested in a vitrification procedure. Preculture of embryogenic callus (EC) with high sucrose concentrations (up to 0.7 M) showed no effect on regrowth after cryopreservation. Loading for 20 min at ambient temperature improved regrowth of cryopreserved EC by 70-75 percent compared with non-loaded samples, regardless of the composition of the loading solution. Among vitrification solutions, the highest regrowth of 95-100 percent after cryopreservation was obtained after incubation of EC in a vitrification solution A3-80 percent comprising (w/v) 33.3 percent glycerol + 13.3 percent DMSO + 13.3 percent EG + 20.1 percent sucrose for 40 min at 0°C. Profiling of crystallization and recrystallization events using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that freezing injury was minimized in samples after loading and cryoprotection with this vitrification solution. Unlike many other papers, the droplet-vitrification protocol did not produce higher post-cryopreservation regrowth of Kalopanax EC, compared with the vitrification procedure. When samples are sufficiently cryoprotected during VS treatment, vitrification using cryovials may be preferred, since droplet-vitrification is more complex and requires skilled personnel. Cryopreserved callus grew rapidly and produced numerous somatic embryos, which developed similarly to embryos obtained from non-cryopreserved samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Shin
- Species Restoration Center, Korea National Park Service, Gurye, Korea
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