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Sultan H, Sultan A, Orfali R, Perveen S, Ali T, Ullah S, Anas HM, Ghaffar S, Al-Taweel A, Waqas M, Shahzad W, Kareem A, Liaqat A, Ashraf Z, Shahid A, Rauf A. Green Synthesis and Investigation of Surface Effects of α-Fe 2O 3@TiO 2 Nanocomposites by Impedance Spectroscopy. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15165768. [PMID: 36013904 PMCID: PMC9415421 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on iron oxide/titanium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by employing green synthesis, which involved phytochemical-mediated reduction using ginger extract. XRD confirmed the composite formation, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was employed to investigate the particle size, particle morphology, and elemental analysis. SEM indicated the formation of particles with non-uniform shape and size distribution, while EDX confirmed the presence of Fe, Ti and oxygen in their elemental state. The surface effects were investigated by Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) at room temperature. IS confirmed the co-existence of grains and grain boundaries. Thus, FTIR and IS analysis helped establish a correlation between enhanced surface activity and the synthesis route adopted. It was established that the surface activity was sensitive to the synthesis route adopted. The sample density, variation in grain size, and electrical resistivity were linked with surface defects, and these defects were related to temperature. The disorder and defects created trap centers at the sample's surface, leading to adsorption of CO2 from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Sultan
- MFMG, Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Box Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aeysha Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +92-3222520479 (A.S.); +1-(443)-6318222 (S.P.)
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Ryiadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +92-3222520479 (A.S.); +1-(443)-6318222 (S.P.)
| | - Tahir Ali
- MFMG, Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Box Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Anas
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Safina Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Ryiadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al-Taweel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Ryiadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Aftaab Kareem
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Liaqat
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
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