Comparative evaluation of condylar guidance obtained by three different interocclusal recording materials in a semi-adjustable articulator and digital panoramic radiographic images in dentate patients: An in vivo study

Aim:

The Aim of the study was to evaluate the reproducibility of condylar inclination values obtained using three different interocclusal recording materials in Hanau Wide-Vue semi-adjustable articulator and to compare those values of condylar inclination with panoramic radiographic images.

Settings and Design:

In Vivo Comparative study.

Materials and Methods:

The clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, M. R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru. A total of 30 dentulous subjects aged between 20 and 40 years were selected, without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. With the help of a custom-made protrusive guide, protrusive records for three materials were made. These records were used for programming the articulator and the respective horizontal condylar inclination (HCI) value, and panoramic radiographs were made. The values obtained were statistically analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Independent t-test, multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method followed by Analysis of variances (ANOVA) were used.

Results:

Among each pair of groups there exists a significant difference, i.e., the mean condylar inclination (degree) was found to be statistically significant between wax and polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.01) as well as between wax and polyether (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between polyvinyl siloxane and polyether (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

HCI values differed depending on the type of material employed. The study concluded that the protrusive condylar guidance angles obtained by panoramic radiograph can be used in programming the semi-adjustable articulator and among the materials polyether gave the highest Condylar Guidance values with less variability and wax gave lowest values with greater variation.

Antibacterial and Potential Antidiabetic Activities of Flavone C-glycosides Isolated from Beta vulgaris Subspecies cicla L. var. Flavescens (Amaranthaceae) Cultivated in Egypt

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease in Egypt. In this context, Beta vulgaris subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens is an edible plant that has been used in traditional medicine as a therapy for treating some diseases.

OBJECTIVES

The current study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and potential anti-diabetic activities of different extracts and isolated flavone C-glycoside compounds isolated from Beta vulgaris subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens leaves.

METHODS

Phytochemical investigation of n-butanol extract led to the isolation of five phytoconstituents. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic tools, including 1D-NMR (1H- & 13C-NMR) and 2D-NMR (HMQC & HMBC) besides the comparison of the data with the literature. The extracts and phytoconstituents were evaluated in vitro for their activity against some bacterial pathogens, which represent prominent human pathogens, particularly in hospital settings. The antibacterial activity was examined against three Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis & Enterococcus faecalis) and five Gram-negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis & Salmonella typhimurium) relative to Ciprofloxacin as a reference drug. Furthermore, the in vitro antidiabetic activity (Type II) was evaluated using the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay.

RESULTS

Five flavone C-glycosides namely; Apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 2''-Oxylopyranosylvitexin (2), acacetin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), acacetin 8-C-α-L-rhamnoside (4), and 6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranosylapigenin (vecinin-II) (5) were isolated from n-butanol extract of B. vulgaris subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens. Compound 1 showed a promising antibacterial activity against most of the test bacterial strains with respect to the minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) ranged from 1.95 to 15.63 µg ml-1. On the other hand, compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated superior antidiabetic activities with IC50 values of 35.7 and 42.64 µg ml-1, respectively, while an inferior potential antidiabetic activity was recorded for compound 4 (IC50 = 145.5 µg ml-1) in comparison with Acarbose as a reference drug.

CONCLUSION

B. vulgaris L. is an edible plant, which could be used as a natural source of antibiotic and hypoglycemic drugs.

Variations in amino acid neurotransmitters in some brain areas of adult and young male albino rats due to exposure to mobile phone radiation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised, especially following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephony throughout the world. The present study aims to investigate the effect of one hour daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with frequency of 900 Mz (SAR 1.165 w/kg, power density 0.02 mW/cm2) on the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the midbrain, cerebellum and medulla of adult and young male albino rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Adult and young rats were divided into two main groups (treated and control). The treated group of both adult and young rats was exposed to EMR for 1 hour daily. The other group of both adult and young animals was served as control. The determination of amino acid levels was carried out after 1 hour, 1 month, 2 months and 4 months of EMR exposure as well as after stopping radiation.

RESULTS

Data of the present study showed a significant increase in both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the cerebellum of adult and young rats and midbrain of adult animals after 1 hour of EMR exposure. In the midbrain of adult animals, there was a significant increase in glycine level after 1 month followed by significant increase in GABA after 4 months. Young rats showed significant decreases in the midbrain excitatory amino acids. In the medulla, the equilibrium ratio percent (ER%) calculations showed a state of neurochemical inhibition after 4 months in case of adult animals, whereas in young animals, the neurochemical inhibitory state was observed after 1 month of exposure due to significant decrease in glutamate and aspartate levels. This state was converted to excitation after 4 months due to the increase in glutamate level.

CONCLUSION

The present changes in amino acid concentrations may underlie the reported adverse effects of using mobile phones.

Complement-mediated cytolytic activity associated with cytomegalovirus complement-fixing IgM antibody

Cytomegalovirus-specific complement-fixing IgM (CMV CF-IgM) antibody was detected in 12/84 (14.3 percent) sera containing CMV-specific IgM. Higher titres were obtained by using a purified antigen preparation containing enveloped virus particles and membrane fragments when compared with a crude extract of infected cells, suggesting that the CF component of CMV IgM reacts predominantly with antigens on the surface of the infected cells. This also accounts for its complement-mediated cytolytic activity. Neither CMV-specific non-complement-fixing IgM nor CMV-specific IgG demonstrates cytolytic activity.