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Honecker H, Bertsch K, Spieß K, Krauch M, Kleindienst N, Herpertz SC, Neukel C. Impact of a Mechanism-Based Anti-Aggression Psychotherapy on Behavioral Mechanisms of Aggression in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:689267. [PMID: 34421676 PMCID: PMC8374952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.689267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aggressive behavior is highly prevalent in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and represents a major burden for patients and their environment. Previous studies have hypothesized threat hypersensitivity, among other mechanisms, as a biobehavioral mechanism underlying aggressive behavior in patients with BPD. The effects of a 6-week mechanism-based anti-aggression psychotherapy (MAAP) for the group setting were tested in comparison to the effects of a non-specific supportive psychotherapy (NSSP) on this hypothesized mechanism and their relation to the effects on aggressive behavior. Methods: To assess mechanisms of reactive aggression, 38 patients with BPD (20 in MAAP and 18 in NSSP) and 24 healthy controls participated in an emotion classification task before and after therapy or at a similar interval of 7 weeks for controls, respectively. In addition, current reactive aggressive behavior was assessed by the externally directed overt aggression score of the Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) at both time points. Mixed linear models were used to test for group differences and differential treatment effects. Results: Consistent with previous findings, patients showed longer response latencies and misclassified faces as angry more often than healthy controls. Comparing pre- and post-treatment measurements, the MAAP group showed an increase in response latency in classifying angry faces, whereas the NSSP group showed a decrease in latency. Furthermore, the difference between pre- and post-treatment response latencies in classifying emotional faces correlated with the reductions in reactive aggression in the MAAP group, but not in the NSSP group or healthy controls. Conclusion: The results suggest an impact of MAAP on threat sensitivity as well as cognitive control, which has also been previously hypothesized as a biobehavioral mechanism underlying reactive aggression in patients with BPD. In addition, our findings shed light on the importance of these two biobehavioral mechanisms underlying reactive aggression as mechanisms of change addressed by MAAP. Further studies are needed to determine whether the behavioral change is stable over time and to what extent this change is related to a stable reduction in reactive aggression in a larger group of patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Honecker
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Spieß
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Krauch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kleindienst
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinne Neukel
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Herpertz SC, Matzke B, Hillmann K, Neukel C, Mancke F, Jaentsch B, Schwenger U, Honecker H, Bullenkamp R, Steinmann S, Krauch M, Bauer S, Borzikowsky C, Bertsch K, Dempfle A. A mechanism-based group-psychotherapy approach to aggressive behaviour in borderline personality disorder: findings from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open 2020; 7:e17. [PMID: 33308363 PMCID: PMC7791567 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviour is a prevalent and harmful phenomenon in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, no short-term, low-cost programme exists that specifically focuses on aggression. AIMS Attuning therapy modules to pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie reactive aggression in BPD, we composed a 6 week mechanism-based anti-aggression psychotherapy (MAAP) approach for the group setting, which we tested against a non-specific supportive psychotherapy (NSSP). METHOD A cluster-randomised two-arm parallel-group phase II trial of N = 59 patients with BPD and overt aggressive behaviour was performed (German Registry for Clinical Trials, DRKS00009445). The primary outcome was the externally directed overt aggression score of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (M-OAS) post-treatment (adjusted for pre-treatment overt aggression). Secondary outcomes were M-OAS irritability, M-OAS response rate and ecological momentary assessment of anger post-treatment and at 6 month follow-up, as well as M-OAS overt aggression score at follow-up. RESULTS Although no significant difference in M-OAS overt aggression between treatments was found post-treatment (adjusted difference in mean 3.49 (95% CI -5.32 to 12.31, P = 0.22), the MAAP group showed a clinically relevant decrease in aggressive behaviour of 65% on average (versus 33% in the NSSP group), with particularly strong improvement among those with the highest baseline aggression. Most notably, significant differences in reduction in overt aggression between MAAP and NSSP were found at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD and aggressive behaviour benefited from a short group psychotherapy, with improvements particularly visible at 6 month follow-up. Further studies are required to show whether these effects are specific to MAAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - B Matzke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; and Sana HANSE-Klinikum Wismar GmbH, Germany
| | - K Hillmann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - C Neukel
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - F Mancke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - B Jaentsch
- Institute of Clinical Psychology at Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany
| | - U Schwenger
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - H Honecker
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - R Bullenkamp
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - S Steinmann
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krauch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - S Bauer
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany; and Center of Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Germany
| | - C Borzikowsky
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany; and Center of Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Germany
| | - K Bertsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU München, and Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - A Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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Baessler F, Zafar A, Schweizer S, Ciprianidis A, Sander A, Preussler S, Honecker H, Wolf M, Bartolovic M, Wagner FL, Klein SB, Weidlich J, Ditzen B, Roesch-Ely D, Nikendei C, Schultz JH. Are we preparing future doctors to deal with emotionally challenging situations? Analysis of a medical curriculum. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:1304-1312. [PMID: 30852116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skilful communication by doctors is necessary for healthcare delivery during emotionally challenging situations. This study analyses a medical curriculum for the frequency and intensity of teaching content on communication in emotionally challenging situations. METHODS A questionnaire with 31 questions ("EmotCog31") was used to evaluate teaching sessions at 17 departments of a medical school for one semester. RESULTS Teaching content on communication in emotionally challenging situations was observed in 62 of 724 (∼nine percent) teaching sessions. Fifty-six percent of these sessions were within psychosocial specialisations. Lecturers used mental diseases as teaching topics four times more than somatic diseases. Forty-two percent of the 62 sessions were large-group while fifty-eight percent were small-group, interactive sessions. Clinical examples were used in sixty-nine percent of these sessions. Eighty-one percent of the handouts provided and sixty-six percent of simulated patient scenarios used were rated as helpful. Two-thirds of teaching sessions were rated positively when they included practical context. CONCLUSION There was a considerable lack of teaching on communication skills in an emotional context. Teaching was limited to psychosocial specialties, reducing the impact of available knowledge for other medical specialties. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS More interactive, practically oriented teaching methods are useful for teaching emotional communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Baessler
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ali Zafar
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sophie Schweizer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.
| | - Anja Ciprianidis
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anja Sander
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stella Preussler
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hannah Honecker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marina Bartolovic
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Louise Wagner
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Bettina Klein
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joshua Weidlich
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bergfheimer Str. 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Roesch-Ely
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jobst-Hendrik Schultz
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bajwa NUH, Langer M, König CJ, Honecker H. What might get published in management and applied psychology? Experimentally manipulating implicit expectations of reviewers regarding hedges. Scientometrics 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-019-03164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Km and V of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine-oxidase (MAO) were determined in the depressive and manic state as well as after recovery in patients with affective psychoses and in the depressive state of patients with neurotic depression. DBH and MAO values were measured also in age- and sex-matched controls. The Km and V values of each enzyme failed to differ between patients and healthy controls or between patients during and after an episode of illness. The ratio of V of serum DBH (tyramine as substrate) tended to be lower in patients independent of their psychopathological state than in controls. The findings fail to support the notion that characteristics of the peripheral enzymes measured provides a reliable indicator of a biological disposition to depression, but are consistent with the notion that the balance of monoamine may play a role in certain psychopathological states.
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Honecker H, Coper H, Fähndrich C, Rommelspacher H. Identification of tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline) in human blood platelets. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1980; 18:133-5. [PMID: 7373238 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1980.18.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present paper shows that tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline) exists in human platelets. The concentration of tetrahydronorharmane in platelets from 10 ml platelet rich plasma was in the range of 9.3 to 25.6 pmol (n=8). Ingestion of tryptamine hydrochloride (n=4) three times daily for three consecutive days and of 19.6 mmol D,L-tryptophan (n=7) the evening (10 p.m.) before the blood collection did not lead to an increase of tetrahydronorharmane in platelets.
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Rommelspacher H, Honecker H, Barbey M, Meinke B. 6-Hydroxy-tetrahydronorharmane (6-hydroxy-tetrahydro-beta-carboline), a new active metabolite of indole-alkylamines in man and rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1979; 310:35-41. [PMID: 530312 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Coper H, Fähndrich E, Gebert A, Helmchen H, Honecker H, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Pietzcker A. Depression and monoamine oxidase. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol 1979; 3:441-63. [PMID: 401000 DOI: 10.1016/0364-7722(79)90000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. The first part of the paper is devoted to a critical review on the possible relationships between depression and monoamine oxidase. 2. This study describes the results of an investigation of MAO-activity in depression, using new approaches and methodology. This methodology was developed because the literature data indicated that a) previous results are difficult to compare because of varying methods and diverse target populations used; b) previous methodological deficiencies do not allow to draw definite conclusions about the relationship between MAO-activity and depression. 3. The present investigation selected 35 psychiatric patients according to clearly defined diagnostic criteria (20 endogenous depressive, 10 neurotic depressive, and 5 manic patients) matched to 25 healthy control-subjects. 4. The Michaelis-constant (Km), the maximum reaction speed (Vmax), and the 50% enzyme inhibition by tranylcypromine (IC50) of platelet-MAO were determined during and after recovery from the depressive or manic episode using 3 substrates (tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine). 5. The present investigation, in contrast to conventional methodology, utilized three different substrates at different concentrations. Significant correlations were demonstrated for the Vmax-values of each of the three substrates, whereas the Km and the IC50 (tranylcypromine)-values varied for each substrate. 6. The results show that there were no differences between the characteristics of the platelet-MAO in depressive or manic patients and those of normal subjects. Furthermore, treatment with tricyclic antidepressants had no effect on MAO-activity. A previous investigation indicated that the MAO-properties in human brain tissue were similar to that in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Coper
- Institute of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
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Honecker H, Rommelspacher H. Tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline), a physiologically occurring compound of indole metabolism. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1978; 305:135-41. [PMID: 732889 DOI: 10.1007/bf00508283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper a sensitive method is described to measure tetrahydronorharmane (THN) in the urine of man and rats as well as in the forebrain of rats. The compound is extracted into diethyl ether, separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), acetylated with radiolabelled acetic anhydride and further isolated by two-dimensional TLC development. The existence of THN in urine of man was proven by using chromatography with different solvent systems, cocristallisation, isotope dilution technique as well as mass-spectrometry. The amount of THN in the urine varied over a wide range. With the same method it was demonstrated that THN occurs also in the forebrain of rats. The concentration increases after loading with tryptamine. The findings are discussed in view of the hypothesis that THN acts as a compound modulating neuronal mechanism.
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Honecker H, Hill R. Does long term treatment with amitriptyline alter the monoamine oxidase of rat brain? Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol 1977; 10:32-5. [PMID: 887646 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1094516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline, at a concentration of 10(-5) M, inhibits the oxidative deamination of phenylethylamine, tyramine and tryptamine (by 40, 16, and 8 percent, respectively) by rat brain MAO. After the long term administration of amitryptyline, even at a dosage of 20 mg per kg body weight twice daily, there was no detectable influence on the biochemical properties of MAO. These findings indicate that the full antidepressive effect, which only appears after the first 3 weeks of long term treatment, cannot be caused by the inhibition of MAO.
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Honecker H, Christ W, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Coper H. Critical evaluation of measurement of platelet monoamine oxidase in man. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1976; 14:453-8. [PMID: 965902 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1976.14.1-12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Some biochemical characteristics such as substrate specificity, substrate affinity and inhibitor sensitivity of monoamine oxidase of human blood platelets were investigated. Tyramine, tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine were used as substrates. The apparent Michaelis constants, maximal velocity rates and I50 for the inhibitor tranylcypromine were determined. The data were analyzed according to Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon. The influence of amitriptyline, a prototype of tricyclic antidepressants, on the selected variables (Km, V, I50), was studied. The parameters investigated showed remarkably low interindividual differences when healthy volunteers were tested. The inhibitor activity of amitriptyline towards platelet monoamine oxidase depends on the substrate used. Amitriptyline concentrations which showed a pronounced effect on the enzyme characteristics are significantly higher than plasma levels of the drug found under therapeutic conditions.
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Fernandes M, Coper H, Honecker H. [Comparative pharmacological effects of dl-amphetaminil and dl-amphetamine in the rat]. Arzneimittelforschung 1976; 26:253-8. [PMID: 947209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation shows that amphetamine and amphetaminil produce identical pharmacological effects (increase in motility and body temperature, anorexia, stereotypic behaviour). There was neither a qualitative difference under "open field" conditions nor a difference in the capacity of modifying the reserpine induced syndrome. In isomolar doses amphetamine was somewhat more effective. Almost the same amounts of amphetamine were found in blood and brain following amphetamine or amphetaminil administration, with exception of somewhat higher peak levels after amphetamine. These results favor the hypothesis that amphetaminil effects are produced by the amphetamine molecule.
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Honecker H, Coper H. Kinetics and metabolism of amphetamine in the brain of rats of different ages. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1975; 291:111-21. [PMID: 1202363 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and tissue distribution of amphetamine and its metabolites p-hydroxyamphetamine (p-PH-A) and p-hydroxynorephedrine (p-OH-NE) were investigated in young adult (3-4 months) and old (20-25 months) male rats, after i.p. injection of 5 mg/kg tritium labelled D-amphetamine. The concentrations of these drugs were determined in plasma, cerebral cortex, brainstem and hypothalamus, by thin layer chromatography. 1. From 60 min up to 4 hrs after injection of amphetamine the concentration of amphetamine in plasma and brain tissue of old rats was significantly (P less than 0.05 higher than in young adult animals. In both age groups the levels of amphetamine in cerebral cortex greater than brain stem greater than hypothalamus. 2. The blood-brain barrier is permutle to p-OH-A; 10 to 20 min afer i.v. injection of 10 muCi/kg of p-OH-A (10 mCi/m mole) the ratio of brain/blood plasma was found to be 1:3. The half life of p-OH-A in blood plasma was almost identical after injection of amphetamine and p-OH-A (90 min and 98 min respectively). 3. The levels of p-OH-NE in different brain areas were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in old animals than in young adult rats 4 hrs after application of amphetamine. This metabolite of amphetamine shows a higher concentration in the hypothalamus earlier than in other brain regions.
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Rating D, Broermann I, Honecker H, Kluwe S, Coper H. Effect of subchronic treatment with (-) 8 -trans-tetrahydrocannabinol ( 8 -THC) on food intake, body temperature, hexobarbital sleeping time and hexobarbital elimination in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1972; 27:349-57. [PMID: 4648618 DOI: 10.1007/bf00429388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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