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Rozovsky R, Bertocci M, Iyengar S, Stiffler RS, Bebko G, Skeba AS, Brady T, Aslam H, Phillips ML. Identifying tripartite relationship among cortical thickness, neuroticism, and mood and anxiety disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8449. [PMID: 38600283 PMCID: PMC11006921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of young adults seeking help for emotional distress, subsyndromal-syndromal mood/anxiety symptoms, including those associated with neuroticism, is rising and can be an early manifestation of mood/anxiety disorders. Identification of gray matter (GM) thickness alterations and their relationship with neuroticism and mood/anxiety symptoms can aid in earlier diagnosis and prevention of risk for future mood and anxiety disorders. In a transdiagnostic sample of young adults (n = 252;177 females; age 21.7 ± 2), Hypothesis (H) 1:regularized regression followed by multiple regression examined relationships among GM cortical thickness and clinician-rated depression, anxiety, and mania/hypomania; H2:the neuroticism factor and its subfactors as measured by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were tested as mediators. Analyses revealed positive relationships between left parsopercularis thickness and depression (B = 4.87, p = 0.002), anxiety (B = 4.68, p = 0.002), mania/hypomania (B = 6.08, p ≤ 0.001); negative relationships between left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) thickness and depression (B = - 5.64, p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (B = - 6.77, p ≤ 0.001), mania/hypomania (B = - 6.47, p ≤ 0.001); and positive relationships between left isthmus cingulate thickness (B = 2.84, p = 0.011), and anxiety. NEO anger/hostility mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and mania/hypomania; NEO vulnerability mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and depression. Examining the interrelationships among cortical thickness, neuroticism and mood and anxiety symptoms enriches the potential for identifying markers conferring risk for mood and anxiety disorders and can provide targets for personalized intervention strategies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rozovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander S Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zhang Y, Banihashemi L, Versace A, Samolyk A, Taylor M, English G, Schmithorst VJ, Lee VK, Stiffler R, Aslam H, Panigrahy A, Hipwell AE, Phillips ML. Early Infant Prefrontal Cortical Microstructure Predicts Present and Future Emotionality. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01220-4. [PMID: 38604525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of infant negative emotionality (NE) and low positive emotionality (PE) predict future emotional and behavioral problems. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports emotional regulation, with each PFC subregion specializing in specific emotional processes. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) estimates microstructural integrity and myelination via the neurite density index (NDI) and dispersion via the orientation dispersion index (ODI), with potential to more accurately evaluate microstructural alterations in the developing brain. Yet, no study has used these indices to examine associations between PFC microstructure and concurrent or developing infant emotionality. METHODS We modeled PFC subregional NDI and ODI at 3 months with caregiver-reported infant NE and PE at 3 months (n=61) and at 9 months (n=50), using multivariable and subsequent bivariate regression models. RESULTS The most robust statistically-significant findings were positive associations among 3-month rACC ODI and cACC NDI and concurrent NE, and 3-month lOFC ODI and prospective NE; and a negative association between 3-month dlPFC ODI and concurrent PE. Multivariate models also revealed that other PFC subregional microstructure measures, and infant and caregiver sociodemographic and clinical factors, predicted infant 3- and 9-month NE and PE. CONCLUSIONS Greater NDI and ODI, reflecting greater microstructural complexity, in PFC regions supporting salience perception (rACC), decision-making (lOFC), action selection (cACC), and attentional processes (dlPFC) might result in greater integration of these subregions with other neural networks, greater attention to salient negative external cues, thus higher NE and/or lower PE. These findings provide potential infant cortical markers of future psychopathology risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Layla Banihashemi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amelia Versace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alyssa Samolyk
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Megan Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gabrielle English
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vanessa J Schmithorst
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vincent K Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA; UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haris Aslam
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
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Soehner AM, Wallace ML, Edmiston K, Chase HW, Lockovich J, Aslam H, Stiffler R, Graur S, Skeba A, Bebko G, Benjamin OE, Wang Y, Phillips ML. Neurobehavioral Reward and Sleep-Circadian Profiles Predict Present and Next-Year Mania/Hypomania Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023; 8:1251-1261. [PMID: 37230386 PMCID: PMC10665544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened reward sensitivity/impulsivity, related neural activity, and sleep-circadian disruption are important risk factors for bipolar spectrum disorders, the defining feature of which is mania/hypomania. Our goal was to identify neurobehavioral profiles based on reward and sleep-circadian features and examine their specificity to mania/hypomania versus depression vulnerability. METHODS At baseline, a transdiagnostic sample of 324 adults (18-25 years) completed trait measures of reward sensitivity (Behavioral Activation Scale), impulsivity (UPPS-P-Negative Urgency), and a functional magnetic resonance imaging card-guessing reward task (left ventrolateral prefrontal activity to reward expectancy, a neural correlate of reward motivation and impulsivity, was extracted). At baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up, the Mood Spectrum Self-Report Measure - Lifetime Version assessed lifetime predisposition to subthreshold-syndromal mania/hypomania, depression, and sleep-circadian disturbances (insomnia, sleepiness, reduced sleep need, rhythm disruption). Mixture models derived profiles from baseline reward, impulsivity, and sleep-circadian variables. RESULTS Three profiles were identified: 1) healthy (no reward or sleep-circadian disruption; n = 162); 2) moderate-risk (moderate reward and sleep-circadian disruption; n = 109); and 3) high-risk (high impulsivity and sleep-circadian disruption; n = 53). At baseline, the high-risk group had significantly higher mania/hypomania scores than the other groups but did not differ from the moderate-risk group in depression scores. Over the follow-up period, the high-risk and moderate-risk groups exhibited elevated mania/hypomania scores, whereas depression scores increased at a faster rate in the healthy group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional and next-year predisposition to mania/hypomania is associated with a combination of heightened reward sensitivity and impulsivity, related reward circuitry activity, and sleep-circadian disturbances. These measures can be used to detect mania/hypomania risk and provide targets to guide and monitor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Meredith L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeannette Lockovich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Osasumwen E Benjamin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Phillips M, Ghane M, Bertocci M, Chase H, Rozovsky R, Stiffler R, Bonar L, Graur S, Aslam H, Conrad T, Janssen S, Ferrarelli F. Neural Network Studies of Mood Disorder Risk: Prospective, Replication and Novel Neuromodulatory Approaches to Identify Causal Relationships. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:S2-S3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
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Zhang Y, Banihashemi L, Samolyk A, Taylor M, English G, Schmithorst VJ, Lee VK, Versace A, Stiffler R, Aslam H, Panigrahy A, Hipwell AE, Phillips ML. Early infant prefrontal gray matter volume is associated with concurrent and future infant emotionality. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:125. [PMID: 37069146 PMCID: PMC10110602 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of infant negative emotionality (NE) are associated with emotional and behavioral problems later in childhood. Identifying neural markers of high NE as well as low positive emotionality (PE) in infancy can provide neural markers to aid early identification of vulnerability, and inform interventions to help delay or even prevent psychiatric disorders before the manifestation of symptoms. Prefrontal cortical (PFC) subregions support the regulation of NE and PE, with each PFC subregion differentially specializing in distinct emotional regulation processes. Gray matter (GM) volume measures show good test-retest reliability, and thus have potential use as neural markers of NE and PE. Yet, while studies showed PFC GM structural abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with affective disorders, few studies examined how PFC subregional GM measures are associated with NE and PE in infancy. We aimed to identify relationships among GM in prefrontal cortical subregions at 3 months and caregiver report of infant NE and PE, covarying for infant age and gender and caregiver sociodemographic and clinical variables, in two independent samples at 3 months (Primary: n = 75; Replication sample: n = 40) and at 9 months (Primary: n = 44; Replication sample: n = 40). In the primary sample, greater 3-month medial superior frontal cortical volume was associated with higher infant 3-month NE (p < 0.05); greater 3-month ventrolateral prefrontal cortical volume predicted lower infant 9-month PE (p < 0.05), even after controlling for 3-month NE and PE. GM volume in other PFC subregions also predicted infant 3- and 9-month NE and PE, together with infant demographic factors, caregiver age, and/or caregiver affective instability and anxiety. These findings were replicated in the independent sample. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine in primary and replication samples associations among infant PFC GM volumes and concurrent and prospective NE and PE, and identify promising, early markers of future psychopathology risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Layla Banihashemi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Samolyk
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle English
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa J Schmithorst
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent K Lee
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia Versace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Banihashemi L, Schmithorst VJ, Bertocci MA, Samolyk A, Zhang Y, Lima Santos JP, Versace A, Taylor M, English G, Northrup JB, Lee VK, Stiffler R, Aslam H, Panigrahy A, Hipwell AE, Phillips ML. Neural Network Functional Interactions Mediate or Suppress WM-Emotional Behavior Relationships in Infants. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)01088-0. [PMID: 36918062 PMCID: PMC10365319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the neural basis of infant positive emotionality (PE) and negative emotionality (NE) can identify biomarkers of pathophysiological risk. Our goal was to determine how functional interactions among large-scale networks supporting emotional regulation influence WM microstructural-emotional behavior relationships in 3-month-old infants. We hypothesized that microstructural-emotional behavior relationships would be differentially mediated or suppressed by underlying resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), particularly between Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN) structures. METHODS The analytic sample comprised primary caregiver-infant dyads [52 infants (42% female, mean age at scan=15.10 weeks)], with infant neuroimaging and emotional behavior assessments at 3 months. Infant WM and rsFC were assessed by diffusion-weighted imaging/tractography and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during natural, non-sedated sleep. The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-R provided measures of infant PE and NE. RESULTS Following significant WM-emotional behavior relationships, multimodal analyses were performed using whole-brain voxelwise mediation. Results revealed that greater cingulum bundle volume was significantly associated with lower infant PE (ß = -0.263, p = 0.031); however, a pattern of lower rsFC between CEN and DMN structures suppressed this otherwise negative relationship. Greater uncinate fasciculus volume was significantly associated with lower infant NE (ß = -0.296, p = 0.022); however, lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-amygdala rsFC, suppressed this otherwise negative relationship, while greater OFC-CEN rsFC mediated this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Functional interactions among neural networks have an important influence on WM microstructural-emotional behavior relationships in infancy. These relationships can elucidate neural mechanisms contributing to future behavioral and emotional problems in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Banihashemi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Vanessa J Schmithorst
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alyssa Samolyk
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Amelia Versace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Megan Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gabrielle English
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jessie B Northrup
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vincent K Lee
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haris Aslam
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
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Aslam H, Waseem M, Muneeb D, Ali Z, Roubaud D, Grebinevych O. Customer integration in the supply chain: the role of market orientation and supply chain strategy in the age of digital revolution. Ann Oper Res 2023:1-25. [PMID: 36846244 PMCID: PMC9936943 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-023-05191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing demand for customization and product diversity from the customers has made it important for firms to predict changes in the customer demand patterns and adopt accordingly. Customer integration allows firms to understand customers and respond to their particular needs in a better way. This study investigates the mechanisms through which customer integration is developed and affects supply chain performance. We develop a structural model underlining the role of market orientation and supply chain strategy as factors affecting the degree of customer integration. We also investigate the contingency role of marketing - supply chain integration in these relationships. We test the hypothesized model using data from Pakistani manufacturing organizations using structural equation modelling. Our results provide support for the study hypotheses except that marketing-supply chain alignment does not moderate the relationship between supply chain strategy and customer integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Aslam
- Lahore Business School, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Waseem
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dilnaz Muneeb
- Department of Management, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zulqurnain Ali
- IRC for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM Business School, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Oksana Grebinevych
- Department of Strategy, Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to understand how competencies for supply chain professionals are developed and how they can affect the manager's performance, especially the manager's resilience in times of significant supply chain disruptions.
Design/methodology/approach
A research model was developed based on a comprehensive literature survey in the area of individual competencies grounded in the knowledge-based view of the firm. We tested our research model using a quantitative, survey-based study with a sample of 175 Pakistani supply chain managers. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM).
Findings
The analysis identified corporate training and knowledge sharing as the main antecedents of supply chain professional's competencies. It also showed that these competencies result in higher performance in the form manager's resilience and job performance.
Research limitations/implications
This study provides a valuable framework for organisations to focus on skill-developing training and promoting a knowledge-sharing culture among employees to achieve desired performance levels.
Originality/value
This study is unique as no prior research studied such a comprehensive model of antecedents and consequences of supply chain professionals' competencies.
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Steele JS, Bertocci M, Eckstrand K, Chase HW, Stiffler R, Aslam H, Lockovich J, Bebko G, Phillips ML. A specific neural substrate predicting current and future impulsivity in young adults. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4919-4930. [PMID: 33495543 PMCID: PMC8589683 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity (rash action with deleterious outcomes) is common to many psychiatric disorders. While some studies indicate altered amygdala and prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity associated with impulsivity, it remains unclear whether these patterns of neural activity are specific to impulsivity or common to a range of affective and anxiety symptoms. To elucidate neural markers specific to impulsivity, we aimed to differentiate patterns of amygdala-PFC activity and functional connectivity associated with impulsivity from those associated with affective and anxiety symptoms, and identify measures of this circuitry predicting future worsening of impulsivity. Using a face emotion processing task that reliably activates amygdala-PFC circuitry, neural activity and connectivity were assessed in a transdiagnostically-recruited sample of young adults, including healthy (N = 47) and treatment-seeking individuals (N = 67). Relationships were examined between neural measures and impulsivity, anhedonia, and affective and anxiety symptoms at baseline (N = 114), and at 6 months post scan (N = 30). Impulsivity, particularly negative urgency and lack of perseverance, was related to greater amygdala activity (beta = 0.82, p = 0.003; beta = 0.68, p = 0.004; respectively) and lower amygdala-medial PFC functional connectivity (voxels = 60, tpeak = 4.45, pFWE = 0.017; voxels = 335, tpeak = 5.26, pFWE = 0.001; respectively) to facial fear. Left vlPFC, but not amygdala, activity to facial anger was inversely associated with mania/hypomania (beta = -2.08, p = 0.018). Impulsivity 6 months later was predicted by amygdala activity to facial sadness (beta = 0.50, p = 0.017). There were no other significant relationships between neural activity and 6-month anhedonia, affective, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings are the first to associate amygdala-PFC activity and functional connectivity with impulsivity in a large, transdiagnostic sample, providing neural targets for future interventions to reduce predisposition to impulsivity and related future mental health problems in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Brain Imaging Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristen Eckstrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Bertocci MA, Bergman J, Santos JPL, Iyengar S, Bonar L, Gill MK, Abdul-waalee H, Bebko G, Stiffler R, Lockovich J, Aslam H, Ladouceur C, Merranko J, Diler R, Birmaher B, Versace A, Phillips ML. Emotional regulation neural circuitry abnormalities in adult bipolar disorder: dissociating effects of long-term depression history from relationships with present symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:374. [PMID: 33139703 PMCID: PMC7608654 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is common and debilitating and confounding effects of depression history on neural activity in BD are unknown. We aimed to dissociate neural activity reflecting past depression-load vs. present symptom severity using the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of pediatric-onset BD. In n = 54 COBY (18-32 years), we modeled depression scores over time (up to 17.5 years) using a standardized autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, followed by k-means cluster analysis. N = 36 healthy participants (HC, 20-36 years) were included. Using two factorial analyses, we parsed the impact of ARMA-defined past depression-load on neural activity from the impact of current symptoms on neural activity (p < 0.001, k > 30) and examined relationships with past and present symptoms (ps FDR-corrected). ARMA identified three COBY groups based on past depression-load. ARMA-defined COBY participants with the greatest past depression-load vs. other groups showed greater activity in right temporoparietal junction, thalamus, insula, premotor cortex, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral precuneus and cerebellum. In contrast, BD-COBY participants vs. HC showed greater activity in left hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right somatosensory cortex, plus the above thalamus, premotor cortex and cerebellum; activity positively correlated with present symptom severity in most regions. Past depression-load was related to social cognition and salience perception network activity, potentially reflecting heightened attention to socially relevant distracters, while present symptoms were associated with emotion processing and reappraisal network activity, potentially reflecting abnormal emotional experience and regulation. Differentiating aberrant neural activity related to long-term depression vs. present affective symptoms can help target interventions to networks associated with pathophysiological processes, rather than long-term illness effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Bertocci
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jeffrey Bergman
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joao Paulo Lima Santos
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa Bonar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Halimah Abdul-waalee
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Genna Bebko
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jeanette Lockovich
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Cecile Ladouceur
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John Merranko
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Rasim Diler
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Boris Birmaher
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Amelia Versace
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Greenberg T, Fournier J, Stiffler R, Chase HW, Almeida JR, Aslam H, Deckersbach T, Cooper C, Toups M, Carmody T, Kurian B, Peltier S, Adams P, McInnis MG, Oquendo MA, Fava M, Parsey R, McGrath PJ, Weissman M, Trivedi M, Phillips ML. Reward related ventral striatal activity and differential response to sertraline versus placebo in depressed individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1526-1536. [PMID: 31462766 PMCID: PMC7047617 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medications to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) are not equally effective across patients. Given that neural response to rewards is altered in MDD and given that reward-related circuitry is modulated by dopamine and serotonin, we examined, for the first time, whether reward-related neural activity moderated response to sertraline, an antidepressant medication that targets these neurotransmitters. A total of 222 unmedicated adults with MDD randomized to receive sertraline (n = 110) or placebo (n = 112) in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study completed demographic and clinical assessments, and pretreatment functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a reward task. We tested whether an index of reward system function in the ventral striatum (VS), a key reward circuitry region, moderated differential response to sertraline versus placebo, assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HSRD) over 8 weeks. We observed a significant moderation effect of the reward index, reflecting the temporal dynamics of VS activity, on week-8 depression levels (Fs ≥ 9.67, ps ≤ 0.002). Specifically, VS responses that were abnormal with respect to predictions from reinforcement learning theory were associated with lower week-8 depression symptoms in the sertraline versus placebo arms. Thus, a more abnormal pattern of pretreatment VS dynamic response to reward expectancy (expected outcome value) and prediction error (difference between expected and actual outcome), likely reflecting serotonergic and dopaminergic deficits, was associated with better response to sertraline than placebo. Pretreatment measures of reward-related VS activity may serve as objective neural markers to advance efforts to personalize interventions by guiding individual-level choice of antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jay Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Henry W. Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Jorge R. Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Crystal Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Marisa Toups
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School
| | - Tom Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Benji Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Phillip Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Ramin Parsey
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science & Radiology, Stony Brook University
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Myrna Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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12
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de Oliveira L, Portugal LCL, Pereira M, Chase HW, Bertocci M, Stiffler R, Greenberg T, Bebko G, Lockovich J, Aslam H, Mourao-Miranda J, Phillips ML. Predicting Bipolar Disorder Risk Factors in Distressed Young Adults From Patterns of Brain Activation to Reward: A Machine Learning Approach. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2019; 4:726-733. [PMID: 31201147 PMCID: PMC6682607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to apply multivariate pattern recognition to predict the severity of behavioral traits and symptoms associated with risk for bipolar spectrum disorder from patterns of whole-brain activation during reward expectancy to facilitate the identification of individual-level neural biomarkers of bipolar disorder risk. Methods We acquired functional neuroimaging data from two independent samples of transdiagnostically recruited adults (18–25 years of age; n = 56, mean age 21.9 ± 2.2 years, 42 women; n = 36, mean age 21.2 ± 2.2 years, 24 women) during reward expectancy task performance. Pattern recognition model performance in each sample was measured using correlation and mean squared error between actual and whole-brain activation–predicted scores on behavioral traits and symptoms. Results In the first sample, the model significantly predicted severity of a specific hypo/mania-related symptom, heightened energy, measured by the energy manic subdomain of the Mood Spectrum Structured Interviews (r = .42, p = .001; mean squared error = 9.93, p = .001). The region with the highest contribution to the model was the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Results were confirmed in the second sample (r = .33, p = .01; mean squared error = 8.61, p = .01), in which the severity of this symptom was predicted using a bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortical mask (r = .33, p = .009, mean squared error = 9.37, p = .04). Conclusions The severity of a specific hypo/mania-related symptom was predicted from patterns of whole-brain activation in two independent samples. Given that emerging manic symptoms predispose to bipolar disorders, these findings could provide neural biomarkers to aid early identification of individual-level bipolar disorder risk in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia de Oliveira
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Liana C L Portugal
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanette Lockovich
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janaina Mourao-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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Portugal LCL, Schrouff J, Stiffler R, Bertocci M, Bebko G, Chase H, Lockovitch J, Aslam H, Graur S, Greenberg T, Pereira M, Oliveira L, Phillips M, Mourão-Miranda J. Predicting anxiety from wholebrain activity patterns to emotional faces in young adults: a machine learning approach. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101813. [PMID: 31082774 PMCID: PMC6517640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background It is becoming increasingly clear that pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatric disorders categories are heterogeneous on many levels, including symptoms, disease course, comorbidity and biological underpinnings. This heterogeneity poses challenges for identifying biological markers associated with dimensions of symptoms and behaviour that could provide targets to guide treatment choice and novel treatment. In response, the research domain criteria (RDoC) (Insel et al., 2010) was developed to advocate a dimensional approach which omits any disease definitions, disorder thresholds, or cut-points for various levels of psychopathology to understanding the pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatry disorders. In the present study we aimed to apply pattern regression analysis to identify brain signatures during dynamic emotional face processing that are predictive of anxiety and depression symptoms in a continuum that ranges from normal to pathological levels, cutting across categorically-defined diagnoses. Methods The sample was composed of one-hundred and fifty-four young adults (mean age=21.6 and s.d.=2.0, 103 females) consisting of eighty-two young adults seeking treatment for psychological distress that cut across categorically-defined diagnoses and 72 matched healthy young adults. Participants performed a dynamic face task involving fearful, angry and happy faces (and geometric shapes) while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Pattern regression analyses consisted of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) implemented in the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging toolbox (PRoNTo). Predicted and actual clinical scores were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and normalized mean squared error (MSE) to evaluate the models' performance. Permutation test was applied to estimate significance levels. Results GPR identified patterns of neural activity to dynamic emotional face processing predictive of self-report anxiety in the whole sample, which covered a continuum that ranged from healthy to different levels of distress, including subthreshold to fully-syndromal psychiatric diagnoses. Results were significant using two different cross validation strategies (two-fold: r=0.28 (p-value=0.001), MSE=4.47 (p-value=0.001) and five fold r=0.28 (p-value=0.002), MSE=4.62 (p-value=0.003). The contributions of individual regions to the predictive model were very small, demonstrating that predictions were based on the overall pattern rather than on a small combination of regions. Conclusions These findings represent early evidence that neuroimaging techniques may inform clinical assessment of young adults irrespective of diagnoses by allowing accurate and objective quantitative estimation of psychopathology. The RDoC advocate a dimensional approach which omits any disorder thresholds. Combine fMRI and pattern regression to predict dimensional psychiatry symptoms. Patterns of neural activity predict anxiety which covered a continuum. Neuroimaging inform clinical assessment of adults from healthy to different levels of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana C L Portugal
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Schrouff
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricki Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Henry Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jeanette Lockovitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mirtes Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Mary Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janaina Mourão-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom
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14
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Chase HW, Graur S, Fournier JC, Bertocci M, Greenberg T, Aslam H, Stiffler R, Lockovich J, Bebko G, Iyengar S, Phillips ML. WITHDRAWN: Relationship between functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and individual differences in goal-engagement dimensions of impulsive sensation seeking. Cortex 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper positions market sensing, supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability as a coherent cluster of dynamic supply chain capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to understand how dynamic supply chain capabilities interrelate and their effect on supply chain ambidexterity.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a survey of Pakistani manufacturing firms, a theoretically-derived model was tested in a structural equation model.
Findings
The results of the study show that a market-sensing capability is an antecedent of supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability. Furthermore, supply chain agility, directly, and supply chain adaptability, indirectly, affect supply chain ambidexterity. Supply chain agility, therefore, mediates the relationship between supply chain adaptability and supply chain ambidexterity.
Originality/value
The contribution of this study lies in: first, identifying dynamic capability clusters relevant for achieving supply chain ambidexterity; second, evaluating performance implications of dynamic capabilities in the supply chain, specifically supply chain agility and adaptability; and third, proposing a unique measurement of supply chain ambidexterity in the light supply chain theory, and empirically evaluating the relationship between dynamic capabilities and supply chain ambidexterity.
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16
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Chase HW, Fournier JC, Aslam H, Stiffler R, Almeida JR, Sahakian BJ, Phillips ML. Haste or Speed? Alterations in the Impact of Incentive Cues on Task Performance in Remitted and Depressed Patients With Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 30233423 PMCID: PMC6129608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of evidence suggests that bipolar disorder is associated with disruptions of reward related processes, although the properties, and scope of these changes are not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to address this question by examining performance of patients with bipolar disorder (30 depressed bipolar; 35 euthymic bipolar) on a motivated choice reaction time task. We compared performance with a group of healthy control individuals (n = 44) and a group of patients with unipolar depression (n = 41), who were matched on several demographic variables. The task consists of an "odd-one-out" discrimination, in the presence of a cue signaling the probability of reward on a given trial (10, 50, or 90%) given a sufficiently fast response. All groups showed similar reaction time (RT) performance, and similar shortening of RT following the presentation of a reward predictive cue. However, compared to healthy individuals, the euthymic bipolar group showed a relative increase in commission errors during the high reward compared to low condition. Further correlational analysis revealed that in the healthy control and unipolar depression groups, participants tended either to shorten RTs for the high rather than low reward cue a relatively large amount with an increase in error rate, or to shorten RTs to a lesser extent but without increasing errors to the same degree. By contrast, reward-related speeding and reward-related increase in errors were less well coupled in the bipolar groups, significantly so in the BPD group. These findings suggest that although RT performance on the present task is relatively well matched, there may be a specific failure of individuals with bipolar disorder to calibrate RT speed and accuracy in a strategic way in the presence of reward-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jay C Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jorge R Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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17
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Ramish A, Aslam H. Measuring supply chain knowledge management (SCKM) performance based on double/triple loop learning principle. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ijppm-01-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose performance measures for supply chain knowledge management (SCKM) performance.
Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual study. State of performance measurement has been analyzed on the basis of a comprehensive review of literature in field of SCKM. Based on principles of double and triple loop learning, performance measures have been identified for measuring the success of KM practices in SCs.
Findings
– Principles of double and triple loop learning have been utilized to suggest KPI’s for SCKM performance, i.e. supply chain identity and knowledge supply chain stratum. The relevance and justification of these KPI’s is also discussed.
Research limitations/implications
– This study is limited to conceptualized measures for SCKM only. Further research is required to test the benefits of these performance measures based on industry applications.
Practical implications
– These proposed KPI’s will facilitate the development of the new processes through re-engineering, i.e. problem identification and then rectification. Further, these KPI’s will provide some essential insights as to how supply chains can develop their performance evaluation systems to become more effective and learning oriented.
Originality/value
– This study aims to not only identify the gaps present in the SCKM performance measurement literature but also aims to fill the knowledge gap by suggesting suitable performance metrics.
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18
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Chase HW, Fournier JC, Greenberg T, Almeida JR, Stiffler R, Zevallos CR, Aslam H, Cooper C, Deckersbach T, Weyandt S, Adams P, Toups M, Carmody T, Oquendo MA, Peltier S, Fava M, McGrath PJ, Weissman M, Parsey R, McInnis MG, Kurian B, Trivedi MH, Phillips ML. Accounting for Dynamic Fluctuations across Time when Examining fMRI Test-Retest Reliability: Analysis of a Reward Paradigm in the EMBARC Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126326. [PMID: 25961712 PMCID: PMC4427400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal investigation of the neural correlates of reward processing in depression may represent an important step in defining effective biomarkers for antidepressant treatment outcome prediction, but the reliability of reward-related activation is not well understood. Thirty-seven healthy control participants were scanned using fMRI while performing a reward-related guessing task on two occasions, approximately one week apart. Two main contrasts were examined: right ventral striatum (VS) activation fMRI BOLD signal related to signed prediction errors (PE) and reward expectancy (RE). We also examined bilateral visual cortex activation coupled to outcome anticipation. Significant VS PE-related activity was observed at the first testing session, but at the second testing session, VS PE-related activation was significantly reduced. Conversely, significant VS RE-related activity was observed at time 2 but not time 1. Increases in VS RE-related activity from time 1 to time 2 were significantly associated with decreases in VS PE-related activity from time 1 to time 2 across participants. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) in VS were very low. By contrast, visual cortex activation had much larger ICCs, particularly in individuals with high quality data. Dynamic changes in brain activation are widely predicted, and failure to account for these changes could lead to inaccurate evaluations of the reliability of functional MRI signals. Conventional measures of reliability cannot distinguish between changes specified by algorithmic models of neural function and noisy signal. Here, we provide evidence for the former possibility: reward-related VS activations follow the pattern predicted by temporal difference models of reward learning but have low ICCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W. Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jay C. Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jorge R. Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carlos R. Zevallos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Crystal Cooper
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Weyandt
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillip Adams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Marisa Toups
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tom Carmody
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- NY State Psychiatric Institute, Therapeutics Depression Evaluation Service, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- NY State Psychiatric Institute, Therapeutics Depression Evaluation Service, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Myrna Weissman
- NY State Psychiatric Institute, Therapeutics Depression Evaluation Service, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramin Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benji Kurian
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Madhukar H. Trivedi
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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19
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Versace A, Acuff H, Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Leemans A, Schirda C, Aslam H, Dwojak A, Bonar L, Travis M, Gill MK, Demeter C, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Holland SK, Kowatch RA, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Horwitz SM, Frazier TW, Arnold LE, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML. White matter structure in youth with behavioral and emotional dysregulation disorders: a probabilistic tractographic study. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:367-76. [PMID: 25715064 PMCID: PMC4415624 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Psychiatric disorders in youth characterized by behavioral and emotional dysregulation are often comorbid and difficult to distinguish. An alternative approach to conceptualizing these disorders is to move toward a diagnostic system based on underlying pathophysiologic processes that may cut across conventionally defined diagnoses. Neuroimaging techniques have potentials for the identification of these processes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether diffusion imaging, a neuroimaging technique examining white matter (WM) structure, can identify neural correlates of emotional dysregulation in a sample of youth with different psychiatric disorders characterized by behavioral and emotional dysregulation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using global probabilistic tractography, we examined relationships between WM structure in key tracts in emotional regulation circuitry (ie, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and forceps minor) and (1) broader diagnostic categories of behavioral and emotional dysregulation disorders (DDs) and (2) symptom dimensions cutting across conventional diagnoses in 120 youth with behavioral and/or emotional DDs, a referred sample of the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAM) study. Thirty age- and sex-matched typically developing youth (control participants) were included. Multivariate multiple regression models were used. The study was conducted from July 1, 2010, to February 28, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Fractional anisotropy as well as axial and radial diffusivity were estimated and imported into a well-established statistical package. We hypothesized that (1) youth with emotional DDs and those with both behavioral and emotional DDs would show significantly lower fractional anisotropy compared with youth with behavioral DDs in these WM tracts and (2) that there would be significant inverse relationships between dimensional measures of affective symptom severity and fractional anisotropy in these tracts across all participants. RESULTS Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed decreased fractional anisotropy and decreased axial diffusivity within the uncinate fasciculus in youth with emotional DDs vs those with behavioral DDs, those with both DDs, and the controls (F6,160 = 2.4; P = .032; all pairwise comparisons, P < .002). In the same model, greater severity of manic symptoms was positively associated with higher fractional anisotropy across all affected youth (F3,85 = 2.8; P = .044). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that abnormal uncinate fasciculus and cingulum WM structure may underlie emotional, but not behavioral, dysregulation in pediatric psychiatric disorders and that a different neural mechanism may exist for comorbid emotional and behavioral DDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Heather Acuff
- Medical Science Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Michele A. Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jorge R. C. Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amanda Dwojak
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Michael Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Christine Demeter
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | | | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Sarah M. Horwitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert L. Findling
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
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Abstract
Studies on the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Centella asiatica have led to the isolation of three new compounds, named centellin (1), asiaticin (2), and centellicin (3). Their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2D NMR experiments (HMQC, HMBC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY and J resolved).
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Aslam H, Schneiders A, Perret M, Weinbauer GF, Hodges JK. Quantitative assessment of testicular germ cell production and kinematic and morphometric parameters of ejaculated spermatozoa in the grey mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus. Reproduction 2002; 123:323-32. [PMID: 11866700 DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1230323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell production and organization of the testicular epithelium in a prosimian species, the grey mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, was investigated to extend knowledge of comparative primate spermatogenesis. In addition, semen samples collected from adult male lemurs (body weight 53-92 g; n = 16) by rectal probe electroejaculation were evaluated using computer-assisted morphometric and kinematic analysis of spermatozoa. Epididymidal spermatozoa were collected from six animals after hemicastration; the testes were weighed and prepared for stereological analysis and flow cytometry. The relative testis mass (as a percentage of body weight) ranged between 1.17 and 5.6%. Twelve stages of testicular seminiferous epithelium as described for macaques were applied and only a single stage was observed in most of the seminiferous tubule cross-sections. On average (mean SD), a single testis contained 1870 +/- 829 x 10(6) germ cells and 35 +/- 12 x 10(6) Sertoli cells. Germ cell ratios (preleptotene:type B spermatogonia = 2, round spermatid:pachytene = 3; elongated spermatid:round spermatids = 1) indicated high spermatogenic efficacy. Sperm head dimensions and tail lengths of the ejaculated and epididymidal spermatozoa were similar. Percentages of defects (neck/mid-piece and tail) were low ( 10%) and similar for ejaculated and epididymidal spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were highly motile, characterized by extensive lateral head displacement, but relatively low progressive motility. In conclusion, the grey mouse lemur has unusually large testes with a highly efficient spermatogenic process and large sperm output. These features, together with the high proportion of morphologically normal and highly motile spermatozoa in the ejaculates, indicate that Microcebus murinus is a species in which sperm competition after ejaculation is likely to occur. The predominantly single spermatogenic stage system seems to be an ancestral feature among primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aslam
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, University of Muenster, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
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Abstract
Notch is a vitally important signalling receptor controlling cell fate determination and pattern formation in numerous ways during development of both invertebrate and vertebrate species. An intriguing pathway for the Notch signal has emerged where, after ligand-dependent proteolysis, an intracellular fragment of the receptor itself translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. The nuclear activity of the Notch intracellular domain is linked to complexes regulating chromatin organization through histone deacetylation and acetylation. To allow the Notch signal to be deployed in numerous contexts, many different mechanisms have evolved to regulate the level, duration and spatial distribution of Notch activity. Regulation occurs at multiple levels including patterns of ligand and receptor expression, Notch-ligand interactions, trafficking of the receptor and ligands, and covalent modifications including glycosylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Several Notch regulatory proteins have conserved domains that link them to the ubiquitination pathway, and ubiquitination of the Notch intracellular domain has recently been linked to its degradation. Different proteolytically derived isoforms of Notch have also been identified that may be involved in alternative Notch-dependent signals or regulatory mechanisms, and differences between the four mammalian Notch homologues are beginning to be appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baron
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, UK.
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Weinbauer GF, Aslam H, Krishnamurthy H, Brinkworth MH, Einspanier A, Hodges JK. Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis and apoptosis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) reveals high rates of spermatogonial turnover and high spermatogenic efficiency. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:120-6. [PMID: 11133666 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is characterized by the succession in time and space of specific germ cell associations (stages). There can be a single stage (e.g., rodents and some macaques) or more than one stage (e.g., chimpanzee and human) per tubular cross section. We analyzed the organization of the seminiferous epithelium and quantified testicular germ cell production and apoptosis in a New World primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Tubule cross sections contained more than one stage, and the human six-stage system could be applied to marmoset spermatogenesis. Stereological (optical disector) analysis (n = 5) revealed high spermatogenic efficiency during meiosis and no loss of spermatids during spermiogenesis. The conversion of type A to type B spermatogonia was several-fold higher than that reported for other primates. Highest apoptotic rates were found for S-phase cells (20%) and 4C cells (15%) by flow cytometric analysis (n = 6 animals); histological analysis confirmed spermatogonial apoptosis. Haploid germ cell apoptosis was <2%. Marmoset spermatogenesis is very efficient and involves substantial spermatogonial proliferation. The prime determinants of germ cell production in primates appear to be proliferation and survival of spermatogonia rather than the efficiency of meiotic divisions. Based on the organizational similarities, common marmosets could provide a new animal model for experimental studies of human spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Weinbauer
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
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Raghavan S, Williams I, Aslam H, Thomas D, Szöor B, Morgan G, Gross S, Turner J, Fernandes J, VijayRaghavan K, Alphey L. Protein phosphatase 1beta is required for the maintenance of muscle attachments. Curr Biol 2000; 10:269-72. [PMID: 10712908 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP1) are important regulators of many cellular and developmental processes, including glycogen metabolism, muscle contraction, and the cell cycle [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Drosophila and humans both have multiple genes encoding PP1 isoforms [3] [6] [7]; each has one beta and several alpha isoform genes (alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3) in flies, alpha and gamma in humans; mammalian PP1beta is also known as PP1delta). The alpha/beta subtype differences are highly conserved between flies and mammals [6]. Though all these proteins are >85% identical to each other and have indistinguishable activities in vitro, we show here that the Drosophila beta isoform has a distinct biological role. We show that PP1beta9C corresponds to flapwing (flw), previously identified mutants of which are viable but flightless because of defects in indirect flight muscles (IFMs) [8]. We have isolated a new, semi-lethal flw allele that shows a range of defects, especially in muscles, which break away from their attachment sites and degenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raghavan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS/GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Aslam H, Rosiepen G, Krishnamurthy H, Arslan M, Clemen G, Nieschlag E, Weinbauer GF. The cycle duration of the seminiferous epithelium remains unaltered during GnRH antagonist-induced testicular involution in rats and monkeys. J Endocrinol 1999; 161:281-8. [PMID: 10320826 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1610281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the gonadotropic control of the spermatogenic process is well established, the endocrine regulation of the timing and kinetics of germ cell development has received little attention. We found previously that the administration of a GnRH antagonist (ANT) over a period of 25 days could retard spermatid development and slightly prolong cycle length in intact adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extended exposure to ANT on the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the monkey. Additionally, the duration of spermatogenesis was studied in the ANT-exposed rat model. In experiment 1, monkeys were given either saline or ANT (n=6/group) and on day 30 all animals received a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label S-phase germ cells. Testicular biopsies were taken on days 39, 43, 47 and 51 (end of treatment) for BrdU localization and flow cytometric analysis. ANT treatment suppressed hormone levels, reduced testis size by >70% and severely impaired germ cell production. Despite these alterations, cycle duration remained unchanged at all time-points compared with controls (10.12+/-0.15 days vs 10.16+/- 0.44 days). In experiment 2, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=15/group) received either vehicle (VEH) or ANT for 14 days and received BrdU injection on day 2. Cycle duration was found to be shorter in the ANT-treated group (12.45+/-0.09 days) than in the control group (12.75+/-0.08, P<0.05). As spermatogenic cycle length in this control group was longer than that of our historical controls (range: 12.37-12.53 days), experiment 2 was repeated (n=10/group). In experiment 3, cycle duration was 12.51+/-0.02 for VEH and 12.46+/-0.05 for the ANT-treated group (P>0.05) in both species. We concluded that the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in monkeys and rats is independent of gonadotropins but is rather regulated by the spermatogenic tissue itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aslam
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany
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Krishnamurthy H, Weinbauer GF, Aslam H, Yeung CH, Nieschlag E. Quantification of apoptotic testicular germ cells in normal and methoxyacetic acid-treated mice as determined by flow cytometry. J Androl 1998; 19:710-7. [PMID: 9876022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the occurrence and significance of programmed cell death (apoptosis) of testicular germ cells in mammals. In those studies, apoptotic germ cells were identified by morphological criteria or by in situ end labeling (TUNEL) and were enumerated from histological sections by semi-quantitative and time-consuming techniques. In the present study, we have established a flow cytometric technique for quantification of TUNEL-positive cells in the mouse testis. Groups of five adult mice each received 0, 650, or 1300 mg/kg (IP) of methoxyacetic acid (MAA), and testes were collected 24 hours later. MAA is known to induce germ cell apoptosis in rodent testes. MAA induced a significant (P < 0.01) dose-dependent decline in the percentage of pachytene spermatocytes (4C cells). DNA strand breaks generated by the activation of endogenous endonuclease in the apoptotic germ cells were detected by the in situ labeling of the 3'-OH termini with biotinylated dUTP in the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL technique). Histologically, TUNEL-positive germ cells were observed in control testes, and the number of these cells was visibly increased following MAA exposure. As determined by flow cytometry, four cell populations contained TUNEL-positive cells: 1C cells (round spermatids), 2C cells (mainly spermatogonia), S-ph cells (spermatogonial cells and preleptotene spermatocytes synthesizing DNA [the S-phase]), and 4C cells (primary spermatocytes). Analysis of the percentages of TUNEL-positive cells within each population yielded values of 1.57+/-0.23% for 1C cells, 1.65+/-0.27% for 2C cells, 6.26+/-1.03% for S-ph cells, and 3.24+/-0.39% for 4C cells. Hence, a substantial proportion of proliferating cells are undergoing apoptosis during normal spermatogenesis. The overall incidence of apoptotic cells among all testicular cells was around 2%. At 650 mg per kilogram of body weight, MAA induced a fourfold to eightfold increase (P < 0.001) in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, compared with saline-treated controls, and, overall, 17% of testicular cells were apoptotic. This effect of MAA was most pronounced for S-ph and 4C cells, with 25-30% of cells being affected in each of those populations. At 1300 mg per kilogram of body weight, MAA had no further effect. These quantitative data demonstrate that 1) in the normal testis, it is mainly proliferating cells that undergo apoptosis, and 2) MAA induces primary spermatocyte loss by germ cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Krishnamurthy
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Münster, Germany
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