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Khan MKA, Abdulhameed AS, Alshahrani H, Algburi S. Chitosan/functionalized fruit stones as a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial for adsorption of brilliant green dye: Comprehensive characterization and statistical optimization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130465. [PMID: 38423427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a highly efficient adsorbent biomaterial (hereinafter, CTS/PPS-HS) of chitosan/functionalized fruit stones (peach and plum) with H2SO4 was produced for the adsorption of brilliant green (BG) dye from aquatic systems. The developed biomaterial was characterized by several techniques like SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, and pHpzc. To systematically optimize the adsorption performance of CTS/PPS-HS, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was attained. The factors considered for optimization included A: CTS/PPS-HS dosage (0.02-0.08 g), B: pH (4-10), and C: removal time (10-60 min). The pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm models exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental results of BG adsorption by CTS/PPS-HS. The outstanding adsorption capacity (409.63 mg/g) of CTS/PPS-HS was obtained. The remarkable adsorption of BG onto CTS/PPS-HS can be primarily attributed to electrostatic forces between the acidic sites of CTS/PPS-HS and the BG cations, accompanied by interactions such as π-π, Yoshida H-bonding, n-π, and H-bond interactions. The current data underscores the significant potential inherent in combining biomass with CTS polymer to create an exceptionally effective adsorbent biomaterial tailored for the elimination of cationic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Algburi
- College of Engineering Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk 36015, Iraq
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Khan MKA, Abdulhameed AS, Alshahrani H, Algburi S. Development of chitosan biopolymer by chemically modified orange peel for safranin O dye removal: A sustainable adsorbent and adsorption modeling using RSM-BBD. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129964. [PMID: 38316327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a biocomposite (hereinafter, CHI/OP-H2SO4) via the functionalization of chitosan (CHI) biopolymer by chemically modified orange peel (OP-H2SO4). The physicochemical characteristics of CHI/OP-H2SO4 were studied using methods such as pHpzc, XRD, FTIR, BET, and FESEM-EDX. The efficacy of the CHI/OP-H2SO4 biocomposite in removing cationic dye (safranin O, SAF-O) from aqueous solutions was assessed. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the adsorption performance of CHI/OP-H2SO4, considering factors such as A: CHI/OP-H2SO4 dose (0.02-0.08 g), B: pH (4-10), and C: time (10-60 min). The pseudo-first-order and Freundlich isotherm models align well with the experimental data of SAF-O adsorption by CHI/OP-H2SO4. The excellent adsorption capacity for CHI/OP-H2SO4 was recorded (321.2 mg/g). The notable adsorption of SAF-O onto CHI/OP-H2SO4 is attributed primarily to electrostatic forces between the acidic groups of CHI/OP-H2SO4 and the SAF-O cation, along with H-bonding, and n-π interactions. By transforming waste materials into valuable resources, this approach not only mitigates environmental impact but also produces a promising and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes, exemplified here by the effective removal of SAF-O dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Algburi
- College of Engineering Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk 36015, Iraq
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Prakash VRA, Bourchak M, Alshahrani H, Juhany KA. Development of cashew nut shell lignin-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 3D printed core and industrial hemp/aluminized glass fiber epoxy biocomposite for morphing wing and unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127068. [PMID: 37758105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a lightweight epoxy based biocomposite for morphing wing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. The proposed composite was developed using a 3D printed high stiffness lignin-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) core and industrial hemp with aluminized glass fiber epoxy skin. The ABS was reinforced using lignin macromolecule derived from cashew nut shells via twin screw extruder and the core was printed using an industrial grade 3D printer. Furthermore, the composites were prepared by compression moulding with an ABS-lignin core and hemp/aluminized GF surface and characterized according to respective American society of testing and materials (ASTM) standards. The findings indicate that the addition of 30 vol% Al-glass and hemp fiber with lignin strengthened ABS core improved the mechanical properties. The composite material designated as "E2" exhibits the maximum mechanical properties, providing tensile strength, flexural strength, Izod impact, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and compression values of, 136 MPa, 168 MPa, 4.82 kJ/m2, 21 MPa, and 155 MPa respectively. The maximal energy absorbed by composite designation "E2," during drop load impact test is 20.6 J. Similarly, the composite designation "E2"gives fatigue life cycles of 33,709, 25,781 and 19,633 for 50 %, 70 % and 90 % of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 32.5 (K1c) MPa⋅m and 0.76 (G1c) MJ/m2 in fracture toughness and energy release rate respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Arun Prakash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.N.N Institute of Engineering, Chennai, India; Polymer Composite Research Lab, Metro Composites, Chennai, India.
| | - Mostefa Bourchak
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Juhany
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alshahrani H, Al-Matrafi N, Al-qahtani N, Taliby R, Hassanein M, Al-Rowilly I. Mapping the Private Healthcare Sector in Riyadh Region: Size, Services, and Alignment with the Saudi Ministry of Health Priorities. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:172-177. [PMID: 37795166 PMCID: PMC10545926 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.172-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mapping exercises are important to inform development of interventions aiming to enhance private sector's contribution towards achieving health systems objectives. Objective To map size, types, and distribution of private health institutions, and to identify the services they offer, and their alignment with Ministry of Health priorities. Methods A cross-sectional study targeted licensed, for-profit private health institutions in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Secondary data were collected from Department of Private Health Institutions in Riyadh and the Ministry of Health Year Statistical Book. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the collected data. Results Private hospitals increased from 40 (2017) to 46 (2021), with private sector hospital beds rising from 5,426 (2017) to 6,339 (2021). Pharmaceutical institutions comprised 55.4% of private health institutions, followed by polyclinics (23%) and supportive health services centers (17.1%). Laboratories, hospitals, and clinics represented 2%, 1%, and 0.5% of private health institutions respectively. Ambulance and radiology service centers were least available private health institutions at 0.1%. Home healthcare, remote care, telemedicine, family medicine, and long-term care were offered by 1.3%, 0.5%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of private health institutions respectively. Private hospitals accounted for 41.4% of total hospitals and private hospitals beds constituted 30.9% of Riyadh's total, with an average of 137.8 beds per hospital. Around 82% of private health institutions were in Riyadh city, with around 18% in peripheral provinces. Conclusion Private healthcare sector has witnessed substantial growth, primarily influenced by supply rather than demand dynamics. Incentives are essential to promote investment in Ministry of Health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naif Al-Matrafi
- General Directorate of Health Affairs, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Al-qahtani
- General Directorate of Health Affairs, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Taliby
- General Directorate of Health Affairs, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muna Hassanein
- General Directorate of Health Affairs, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
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Khan T, Alshahrani H, Abd‐Elaziem W, Umarfarooq MA, Sebaey TA. Quasi‐static axial crushing of multi‐tubular foam‐filled carbon fiber reinforced composite structures. Polymer Composites 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pc.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn automotive design, a key aspect in limiting injuries in the event of collision is the ability of vehicle's structures to absorb high quantities of energy. Recently, automobiles have been designed with materials such as carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers to replace the conventional metallic materials, to boost structural safety and fuel efficiency. In this study, various combinations of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic and Kevlar‐reinforced polymer composite tubes were assembled to form multi‐tubular composites and their crushing properties were investigated under quasi‐static axial compression. A total of five different combinations were designed and tested. The results showed that the addition of intermediate tubing system in the hollow composite tubes significantly improved the load‐bearing and energy absorption capabilities of the composite tubes. In addition, these configurations were also filled with polyurethane (PU) foam. It was shown that, apart from specific energy absorption (SEA), all the other parameters, such as peak load, mean load, crushing force efficiency, and overall energy absorption ability, were enhanced with the addition of foam. The SEA parameter showed inconsistent behavior, and this was attributed to the weight addition caused by the addition of foam in the composite tubes.Highlights
This study examined the crashworthiness properties of multi‐tubular structures.
Placing of intermediate tubing showed great improvement in absorption capacity.
The system with carbon‐based intermediate tubes performed the best.
Filling PU foam within the structures also improved the load‐bearing properties.
The SEA was seen to reduce with the addition of PU foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabrej Khan
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Abd‐Elaziem
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production, Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Sharkia Egypt
| | - M. A. Umarfarooq
- Centre of Excellence in Material Science, School of Mechanical Engineering KLE Technological University Hubballi India
| | - Tamer A. Sebaey
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production, Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Sharkia Egypt
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Allah MMA, Hegazy DA, Alshahrani H, Sebaey TA, El-baky MAA. Fiber Metal Laminates Based on Natural/Synthesis Fiber Composite for Vehicles Industry: an Experimental Comparative Study. Fibers Polym 2023; 24:2877-2889. [DOI: 10.1007/s12221-023-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Awd Allah MM, Hegazy DA, Alshahrani H, Sebaey TA, Abd El‐baky MA. Exploring the effect of nanoclay addition on energy absorption capability of laterally loaded glass/epoxy composite tubes. Polymer Composites 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pc.27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe energy absorption capability of laterally loaded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubular components containing montmorillonite clay (MC) was explored in this article. GFRP components filled with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of MC were created using wet‐wrapping by hand lay‐up techniques. For the laterally loaded tubes, the crushing load and the energy absorption versus displacement responses were presented. In addition, deformation histories were tracked. The energy absorption analysis was carried out by evaluating the initial peak load (), total energy absorption, and specific absorbed energy. Also, a mathematical regression models were built to predict the energy absorption indicators. Furthermore, the optimal MC wt% is determined using a multi‐attribute decision making method called complex proportional assessment. Overall results demonstrated that the suggested GFRP tubes containing 4 wt% of MC exhibited unique energy absorption capability.Highlights
The designed tubes, that is, GFRP tubes filled with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of montmorillonite clay (MC) were created using wet‐wrapping by hand lay‐up techniques.
The fabricated tubes were subjected to lateral compression loads to investigate their energy absorption capability.
The crushing load and energy absorption versus displacement curves were accessible. Furthermore, the deformation histories were traced.
Regression models were built to predict the energy absorption indicators. In addition, complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) is used to find the optimum MC wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Awd Allah
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Hegazy
- Bilbeis Higher Institute of Engineering (BHIE) Bilbeis Egypt
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer A. Sebaey
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A. Abd El‐baky
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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Bahlouli S, Belaadi A, Makhlouf A, Alshahrani H, Khan MKA, Jawaid M. Effect of Fiber Loading on Thermal Properties of Cellulosic Washingtonia Reinforced HDPE Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2910. [PMID: 37447555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research work, we aim to study the effect of the incorporation of vegetable fiber reinforcement on the thermo-mechanical and dynamic properties of a composite formed by a polymeric matrix reinforced with cellulosic fibers with the various Washingtonia fiber (WF) loadings (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by wt%) as reinforced material in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Biocomposites to evaluate the optimum fiber loading of biocomposites. In addition, several characterization techniques (i.e., thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA)) were used to better understand the characteristics of the new composites prepared. With these techniques, we managed to verify the rigidity and thermal stability of the composites so elaborated, as well as the success of the polymer and the structural homogeneity of the obtained biocomposites. Hence, the biocomposite with the best ratio (HDPE/20WF) showed a loss modulus (E″) of 224 MPa, a storage modulus (E') of 2079 MPa, and a damping factor (Tanδ) of 0.270 to the glass transition (Tg) of 145 °C. In addition, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the biocomposite samples exhibited marginally higher Ts compared to the HDPE matrix. The best results were recorded with biocomposites with 20% WF, which showed better thermal properties. This composite material can be used as insulation in construction materials (buildings, false ceilings, walls, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Belaadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 Août 1955-Skikda, El-Hadaiek Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | | | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific and Engineering Research Centre, Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific and Engineering Research Centre, Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gahgah M, Belaadi A, Boumaaza M, Alshahrani H, Khan MKA. Effect of Number of Tests on the Mechanical Characteristics of Agave sisalana Yarns for Composites Structures: Statistical Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2885. [PMID: 37447529 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A designer of sustainable biocomposite structures and natural ropes needs to have a high confidence interval (95% CI) for mechanical characteristics data of performance materials, yet qualities for plant-based fibers are very diverse. A comprehensive study of the elements that enhance the performance of biocomposites or sustainable ropes created from vegetable fibers is necessary. The current study included five groups with varying numbers (N) of tests of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 on the mechanical characteristics at room temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine how changing N affects the mechanical properties of sisal yarn. These properties include its strength, Young's modulus, and deformation at rupture. A significance testing program including more than 100 tests was performed. Owing to the heterogeneity of the plant yarn, each group received more than 20 samples at a gauge length (GL) of 100 mm. The tensile strength characteristics of sisal yarns produced a wide range of findings, as is common for natural fibers, necessitating a statistical analysis. Its dispersion was explored and measured using the statistical methods. The Weibull distribution with two parameters and a prediction model with a 95% confidence level for maximum likelihood (ML) and least squares (LS) were used to investigate and quantify its dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Gahgah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 Août 1955-Skikda, El-Hadaiek Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Belaadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 Août 1955-Skikda, El-Hadaiek Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Messaouda Boumaaza
- Laboratory of Civil and Engineering Hydraulic (LGCH), University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific and Engineering Research Centre, Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific and Engineering Research Centre, Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
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Khan MKA, Junaedi H, Alshahrani H, Wagih A, Lubineau G, Sebaey TA. Enhanced Open-Hole Strength and Toughness of Sandwich Carbon-Kevlar Woven Composite Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102276. [PMID: 37242850 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced plastic composites are sensitive to holes, as they cut the main load-carrying member in the composite (fibers) and they induce out-of-plane stresses. In this study, we demonstrated notch sensitivity enhancement in a hybrid carbon/epoxy (CFRP) composite with a Kevlar core sandwich compared to monotonic CFRP and Kevlar composites. Open-hole tensile samples were cut using waterjet cutting at different width to diameter ratios and tested under tensile loading. We performed an open-hole tension (OHT) test to characterize the notch sensitivity of the composites via the comparison of the open-hole tensile strength and strain as well as the damage propagation (as monitored via CT scan). The results showed that hybrid laminate has lower notch sensitivity than CFRP and KFRP laminates because the strength reduction rate with hole size was lower. Moreover, this laminate showed no reduction in the failure strain by increasing the hole size up to 12 mm. At w/d = 6, the lowest drop in strength showed by the hybrid laminate was 65.4%, followed by the CFRP and KFRP laminates with 63.5% and 56.1%, respectively. For the specific strength, the hybrid laminate showed a 7% and 9% higher value as compared with CFRP and KFRP laminates, respectively. The enhancement in notch sensitivity was due to its progressive damage mode, which was initiated via delamination at the Kevlar-carbon interface, followed by matrix cracking and fiber breakage in the core layers. Finally, matrix cracking and fiber breakage occurred in the CFRP face sheet layers. The specific strength (normalized strength and strain to density) and strain were larger for the hybrid than the CFRP and KFRP laminates due to the lower density of Kevlar fibers and the progressive damage modes which delayed the final failure of the hybrid composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K A Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harri Junaedi
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Wagih
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer A Sebaey
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Alshahrani H, Almeshari B, Abd El-baky MA, Sebaey TA. Crashworthiness assessment of foam-filled internally strengthened carbon fibre-reinforced composite tubes under axial compression. International Journal of Crashworthiness 2023:1-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13588265.2023.2198832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Almeshari
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A. Abd El-baky
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Tamer A. Sebaey
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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Alshahrani H, Arun Prakash VR. Mechanical, thermal, viscoelastic and hydrophobicity behavior of complex grape stalk lignin and bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:851-859. [PMID: 36343836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the degradation stability of bamboo fiber-reinforced polyester composite toughened with complex lignin biopolymer derived from the waste grape stalks. The properties like mechanical, wear, thermal, DMA, and hydrophobic were studied after the addition of lignin and analyzed how the lignin addition influenced these properties. Prior to composite making the fiber and lignin was treated with silane. According to the results obtained incorporating 40 vol% of bamboo fiber into the polyester resin, the mechanical and wear properties enhanced. Further, the composite containing 2.0 vol% of lignin has maximum tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and ILSS. Similarly, the composite designation having 4 vol% lignin revealed the improved wear loss stability of 0.007 mm3/Nm (sp. wear rate). The highest degradation temperature reported for composite designation UBL4 it was 520 °C, with a relatively lesser weight loss of 19 %. Likewise, the highest storage modulus was about 4.5 GPa, and the lowest loss factor was up to 0.3 for the composite designation UBL4. The contact angle investigation revealed that all composite designations are not fall below 70°, indicating their hydrophobic stability. These composites with enhanced stability against load, heat and water could be utilized in the industrial, automotive and defense sectors where high performance outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - V R Arun Prakash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, J.N.N Institute of Engineering, Chennai, India; Polymer Composite Research Lab, Metro Composites, Chennai, India.
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Alshahrani H, Ahmed A. Study on Flexural Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Sandwich Composites Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194045. [PMID: 36235992 PMCID: PMC9570787 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and numerical studies of composite sandwich structures are warranted to reap the benefits of these materials when they are well designed. In the current research, new liquid thermoplastic and epoxy resins were used to fabricate four composite sandwich panels with two additional foam types and different densities in the wind turbine industry. A comprehensive comparison of three-point bending test results was made. Finite-element-based simulations using the ABAQUS program with Hashin’s damage criterion were conducted to examine the failure behavior of the GFRP sandwich composites. The flexural behavior of the glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) sandwich panels was investigated and compared with the experiments. The results show that the GF/PVC/Elium composite panel gives the highest load absorption, flexural strength, flexural modulus, core shear ultimate strength, and facing stress due to effect of the core foam and resin types. For the PVC foam core sandwich panel, using thermoplastic resin increased the flexural strength by 18% compared to that of the epoxy resin. The simulation results show excellent agreement between the finite-element-predicted failure loads and the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Azzam Ahmed
- Department of the Textile Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology of Industries, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum P.O. Box 407, Sudan
- Safat College of Science and Technology, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
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Alshahrani H, Sebaey TA, Hegazy DA, El‐baky MAA. Development of efficient energy absorption components for crashworthiness applications: An experimental study. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer A. Sebaey
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Hegazy
- Bilbeis Higher Institute of Engineering (BHIE) Bilbeis Sharqia Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Abd El‐baky
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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Alshahrani H, Sebaey TA. Bearing Properties of CFRP Composite Laminates Containing Spread-Tow Thin-Plies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102076. [PMID: 35631958 PMCID: PMC9143917 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of spread-tow, thin-ply technology, ultra-thin composite laminates could be produced. Composite bolted joints are commonly used on aircraft’s load-bearing structures and are considered the main cause of stress concentration. The aim of this research is to investigate the bolted joint behavior of composite laminates that combine thin-plies and conventional thick-plies in a predetermined stacking sequence. The impact of thin-ply placement within the stack on bearing strength, including the onset of damages, is examined. The work involves mechanical tests and fractographic activities to understand the damage mechanisms of the plies and their interactions, and its reflections on the bearing load capacity of the joint for double-lap bolted joints. The results showed an improvement in the bearing strength of up to 19% by inserting the thin-plies inside the laminate. The visual examination of the specimens showed a bearing damage mode for all the tested specimens. The computed tomography scans showed damage mechanisms that mostly occurred with the normal plies, rather than breaking the thin-plies. For the specimens of traditional plies, delaminations were noticed at most of the interfaces. For the one with a block of thin-plies in the middle, all the delaminations were forced to the surface layers with an extra large size. Forspecimens with distributed thin-plies, a higher number of smaller delaminations was recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.A.); or (T.A.S.); Tel.: +966-(0)-11-494-8644 (T.A.S.)
| | - Tamer A. Sebaey
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.); or (T.A.S.); Tel.: +966-(0)-11-494-8644 (T.A.S.)
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Alshahrani H, Ahmed A. Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193404. [PMID: 34641219 PMCID: PMC8512381 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the high demand for light automotive, manufacturers are showing a vital interest in replacing heavy metallic components with composite materials that exhibit unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios and excellent properties. Unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg was suitable for automotive applications such as the front part of the vehicle (hood) due to its excellent crash performance. In this study, UD carbon/epoxy prepreg with 70% and 30% volume fraction of reinforcement and resin, respectively, was used to fabricate the composite laminates. The responses of different three stacking sequences of automotive composite laminates to low-velocity impact damage and flexural and crash performance properties were investigated. Three-point bending and drop-weight impact tests were carried out to determine the flexural modulus, strength, and impact damage behavior of selected materials. Optical microscopy analysis was used to identify the failure modes in the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C-scan non-destructive methods were utilized to explore the fractures in the composites after impact tests. Moreover, the performance index and absorbed energy of the tested structures were studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and modulus of automotive composite laminates strongly depended on the stacking sequence. The highest crash resistance was noticed in the laminate with a stacking sequence of [[0, 90, 45, -45]2, 0, 90]S. Therefore, the fabrication of a composite laminate structure enhanced by selected stacking sequences is an excellent way to improve the crash performance properties of automotive composite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Azzam Ahmed
- Department of the Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology Industries, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan;
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Alsubaie S, Alshahrani H, Alshahrani A, Asiri A, Alfaifi A, Ibrahim RA, Alqahtani W. Denial attitude towards COVID-19 among general population in Saudi Arabia. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471480 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the current crisis of COVID 19, recent studies evident that it has a huge impact on public mental health and individuals’ behavior. Objectives Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of high denial attitude towards the emerging pandemic of COVID 19 among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 3, 2020 to May 5, 2020. All participants (N= 1817) were asked to complete an online questionnaire survey that included socio-demographic and other variables, and Denial Attitude Questionnaire towards COVID-19 pandemic (DAQ-COVID-19). Results High denial attitude was prevalent among 728 (40.1 %) of the participants. It was associated with old age, being married, having low educational level, working in a non-medical professions, do not have a past history of infectious diseases, spending less than one hour following COVID-19 news, satisfied with the government procedures for COVID-19, and highly depressed and anxious respondents, where p-values were 0.001, 0.019, <0.001, 0.027, <0.001, <0.001, 0.004, 0.008, and 0.026; respectively. Conclusions About two out of five participants had high denial attitude. To our knowledge, the current study is the first study that tries to evaluate a high denial attitude during the initial COVID 19 outbreaks, especially in Saudi Arabia. However, further exploration in this field is needed. We suggest conducting such a study at the end of the current pandemic or in the second wave of the outbreak
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Alshahrani H, McConkey R, Wilson J, Youssef M, Fitzsimons D. Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2013; 13:399-407. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515113507159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshahrani
- Institute of Nursing & Health Research & School of Nursing, University Of Ulster, Belfast, UK
- King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roy McConkey
- Institute of Nursing & Health Research & School of Nursing, University Of Ulster, Belfast, UK
| | - Julie Wilson
- Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland
| | - Mostafa Youssef
- King Fahad Medical City, Prince Salman Heart Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna Fitzsimons
- Institute of Nursing & Health Research & School of Nursing, University Of Ulster, Belfast, UK
- Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland
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Alshahrani H, Fitzsimons D, Mcconkey R, Wilson J, Youssef M. The impact of patient’s gender and cultural factors in prehospital delay in patients presenting with myocardial infarction in KSA. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2013.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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