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Rahman MU, Ullah MW, Shah JA, Sethupathy S, Bilal H, Abdikakharovich SA, Khan AU, Khan KA, Elboughdiri N, Zhu D. Harnessing the power of bacterial laccases for xenobiotic degradation in water: A 10-year overview. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170498. [PMID: 38307266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Industrialization and population growth are leading to the production of significant amounts of sewage containing hazardous xenobiotic compounds. These compounds pose a threat to human and animal health, as well as the overall ecosystem. To combat this issue, chemical, physical, and biological techniques have been used to remove these contaminants from water bodies affected by human activity. Biotechnological methods have proven effective in utilizing microorganisms and enzymes, particularly laccases, to address this problem. Laccases possess versatile enzymatic characteristics and have shown promise in degrading different xenobiotic compounds found in municipal, industrial, and medical wastewater. Both free enzymes and crude enzyme extracts have demonstrated success in the biotransformation of these compounds. Despite these advancements, the widespread use of laccases for bioremediation and wastewater treatment faces challenges due to the complex composition, high salt concentration, and extreme pH often present in contaminated media. These factors negatively impact protein stability, recovery, and recycling processes, hindering their large-scale application. These issues can be addressed by focusing on large-scale production, resolving operation problems, and utilizing cutting-edge genetic and protein engineering techniques. Additionally, finding novel sources of laccases, understanding their biochemical properties, enhancing their catalytic activity and thermostability, and improving their production processes are crucial steps towards overcoming these limitations. By doing so, enzyme-based biological degradation processes can be improved, resulting in more efficient removal of xenobiotics from water systems. This review summarizes the latest research on bacterial laccases over the past decade. It covers the advancements in identifying their structures, characterizing their biochemical properties, exploring their modes of action, and discovering their potential applications in the biotransformation and bioremediation of xenobiotic pollutants commonly present in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health Uzbekistan, Fergana 150110, Uzbekistan
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Hazart Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | | | - Afaq Ullah Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Khan RU, Khan M, Sohail A, Ullah R, Iqbal A, Ahmad B, Khan IU, Tariq A, Ahmad M, Said A, Ullah S, Ali A, Rahman MU, Zaman A, Bilal H. Efficacy of pentamidine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for Leishmania tropica. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:511-517. [PMID: 36602209 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the in vitro effects of nanoparticles loaded pentamidine drug and conventional pentamidine on Leishmania tropica. Herein, pentamidine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PTN-CNPs) have been synthesized through an ionic gelation method with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Next, the physical characteristics of PTN-CNPs were determined through the surface texture, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, drug loading content (DLC), and encapsulation efficacy (EE) and compared its efficacy with free pentamidine (PTN) drug against promastigotes and axenic amastigotes forms of L. tropica in vitro. The PTN-CNPs displayed a spherical shape having a size of 88 nm, an almost negative surface charge (-3.09 mV), EE for PTN entrapment of 86%, and in vitro drug release of 92% after 36 h. In vitro antileishmanial activity of PTN-CNPs and free PTN was performed against Leishmania tropica KWH23 promastigote and axenic amastigote using 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyletetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was observed that the effect of PTN-CNPs and free PTN on both forms of the parasite was dose and time dependent. Free PTN presented low efficacy even at higher dose (40 µg/ml) with 25.6 ± 1.3 and 26.5 ±1.4 mean viability rate of the promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, respectively after 72 hrs incubation. While PTN-CNPs showed strong antileishmanial effects on both forms of parasite with 16 ± 0.4 and 19 ± 0.7 mean viability rate at the same higher concentration (40 µg/ml) after 72 hrs incubation. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PTN-CNPs toward promastigotes and amastigotes were obtained as 0.1375 µg/ml and 0.1910 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, PTN-CNPs effectively inhibited both forms of the L. tropica; however, its effect was more salient on promastigotes. This data indicates that the PTN-CNPs act as a target drug delivery system. However, further research is needed to support its efficacy in animal and human CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Sohail
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - R Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - B Ahmad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Punjab, 25000, Pakistan
| | - I U Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - A Tariq
- Directorate of Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-E Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Said
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M U Rahman
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Zaman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - H Bilal
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Argyriou A, Hasan R, Abunasra H, McLaughlin K, Bilal H, Sogliani F, Datta S. 1097 17 Years of Treating Deep Sternal Wound Infections at A Single Institution: Outcomes and Lessons Learned. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) are a serious complication following cardiac surgery that comprise of any infection penetrating the subcutaneous tissue of the sternum. DSWI have been found to increase mortality and worsen prognostic outcomes following surgery.
Method
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using hospital e-records from 2000 to 2017 of all adult patients operated on with a median sternotomy at our institution. Univariate and multivariate analysis along with mortality and Kaplan-Meier survival curves compared the DSWI population against the remaining study population, using SPSS-25 software.
Results
Of 15521 total patients in the study, 145 (0.9%) suffered a DSWI. Variables that were associated with DSWI included age at operation (p = 0.019), gender (p = 0.007), BMI (p = 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.0001), renal disease (p = 0.008), operative urgency (p = 0.007), type of operation (p = 0.02), Euroscore (p = <0.0001), bypass-time (p = 0.038) and crossclamp-time (p = 0.008). A logistic regression encompassing significant variables revealed that gender (p = 0.031 CI 1.45-1.96), BMI (p < 0.0001 CI 1.03-1.10), diabetes (p = 0.007 CI 1.20-3.67) and type of operation (p = 0.018 CI 1.23-1.87) remained significant when covariate contribution was eliminated. DSWI subgroup mortality was insignificant at 30 days (3.4%vs2.9%, p = 0.68) but significantly worse at 90 days (8.3%vs3.7%, p = 0.004) and at 1 year (17.2%vs5.4%, p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis depicted a significantly worse survival distribution for the DSWI population compared to rest of study (Log-Rank<0.05).
Conclusions
At our centre, DSWI are attributable to certain modifiable and set demographics and contribute heavily to medium-term mortality. A better understanding of DSWI risk factors may pinpoint those at risk and benefit the multidisciplinary team to ultimately reduce the rate of DSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Argyriou
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Hasan
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - H Abunasra
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K McLaughlin
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - H Bilal
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - F Sogliani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Datta
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Argyriou A, Hasan R, Abunasra H, McLaughlin K, Bilal H, Sogliani F, Datta S. 302 Is Age Just A Number in Cardiac Surgery? Evaluating Outcomes of An Octogenarian Cohort at A Single Cardiac Centre. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab135.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac surgery in octogenarians contains many age-specific perioperative risk factors and outcomes yet to be fully understood.
Method
All adults (N = 4957) undergoing cardiac surgery between 2011-2017 at our institution were retrospectively studied, encompassing 312 octogenarians. Data was evaluated with univariate and multivariate testing and mortality with Kaplan-Meier and cox-regression analyses.
Results
Compared to septuagenarians, octogenarians revealed more patients having previous surgery (p = 0.016), less diabetic patients (p = 0.034), lower BMI (0.002), and longer hospital stay (p < 0.000). Compared to rest of study, octogenarians contained more females (p = 0.012), a greater Euroscore (p < 0.000), spent longer in ITU (p = 0.001) and contained more ITU readmissions (p = 0.023). The octogenarians did not contain significant 30- and 90-day mortality but revealed significant mortality at 1-year versus septuagenarians (p = 0.039) and rest of study (p = 0.001). Variables testing significant in a multivariate regression were inserted into a cox-regression that found octogenarian group-membership to be insignificant (p = 0.051) in a 12-covariate model. Independent risk factors for mortality included emergency surgery (p = 0.04), reoperation (p < 0.000), cardiac procedure (p = 0.007), ITU time (p = 0.041) and diabetes (p = 0.023).
Conclusions
We report specific differences for octogenarians in perioperative characteristics along with promising short- and medium-term survival. Such outcomes must constantly be monitored so that cardiac surgery can be further tailored to this elderly cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Argyriou
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Hasan
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - H Abunasra
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K McLaughlin
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - H Bilal
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - F Sogliani
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Datta
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Dogar A, Ullah K, Uddin S, Memon Y, Zafar M, Bilal H, Shoaib A, Ghaffar A, Hasnain S, Soomro Q. Per-Cutaneous Trans-splenic Vein Thrombolysis of Acute Major Portal Vein Thrombosis in Post-Liver Transplant Recipient: A Unique Experience. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2021; 12:32-36. [PMID: 35509724 PMCID: PMC9013494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal venous thrombosis (PVT) is an uncommon complication in post-liver transplant recipients. The reported incidence is 1-4%. It may occur within a month, called early or after one month of transplantation, known as late PVT. Early PVT has a poor prognosis, leading to graft failure in most cases. Treatment of such cases is quite challenging because of difficult alternative portal inflow establishment. We performed successful thrombolysis of acute major PVT with a unique technique using ultrasound-guided percutaneous trans-splenic vein access in a post-liver transplant recipient. The per-cutaneous trans- splenic vein approach-based thrombolysis described here in this report might be very helpful in similar cases. This technique minimizes the potential risk of graft loss, avoids re-exploration, has a low risk of bleeding, and is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dogar
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - K. Ullah
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Sh. Uddin
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Y. Memon
- Radiology Unit, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Zafar
- Radiology Unit, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Bilal
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Shoaib
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Ghaffar
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Hasnain
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Q. Soomro
- Liver Transplant and HBP Department, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
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Khan Z, Ghafoor D, Khan A, Ualiyeva D, Khan S, Bilal H, Khan B, Khan A, Sajjad W. Diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100770. [PMID: 33014380 PMCID: PMC7525249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city of China in late December 2019 and identified as a novel coronavirus. Due to its contagious nature, the virus spreads rapidly and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The global tally of COVID-19 was 28 million in early September 2020. The fears and stress associated with SARS-CoV-2 has demolished the socio-economic status worldwide. Researchers are trying to identify treatments, especially antiviral drugs and/or vaccines, that could potentially control the viral spread and manage the ongoing unprecedented global crisis. To date, more than 300 clinical trials have been conducted on various antiviral drugs, and immunomodulators are being evaluated at various stages of COVID-19. This review aims to collect and summarize a list of drugs used to treat COVID-19, including dexamethasone, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, remdesivir, tociluzimab, nitazoxanide and ivermectin. However, some of these drugs are not effective and their use has been suspended by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D. Ghafoor
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiao Hong Shan No.44, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - A. Khan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - D. Ualiyeva
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Evolution, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - S.A. Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - H. Bilal
- Centre for Management and Commerce, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - B. Khan
- Department of Optometry, Isra University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. Khan
- Department of Computer and Software Technology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
| | - W. Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Farooq M, Saeed MA, Imran M, Uddin GM, Asim M, Bilal H, Younas MR, Andresen JM. CO 2 capture through electro-conductive adsorbent using physical adsorption system for sustainable development. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:1507-1515. [PMID: 31069597 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The most critical energy and environmental challenge that our planet is facing today is to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide may be of utmost significance as a solution of this issue through realization of carbon neutral energy cycle. Potentially, this could be achieved through the carbon dioxide capture as the urgent response to ongoing climate change. Activated carbon (AC) adsorption is one the most effective, environment friendly and techno-economic process for the carbon capture. In the current research, an electro-conductive-activated carbon was prepared by mixing powdered activated carbon (PAC) with an electro-conductive polymer (ECP). Different ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt% of ECP with PAC were used for the different analyses of activated carbons in a gas mixture of CO2/N2 using a physical adsorption system. Adsorption and desorption analyses, capacities of the process and desorption effects were examined. Electro-conductive polymers (ECP) were mixed with AC samples, where breakthrough time was increased up to 400% when mixed with the PAC for CO2 adsorption. Following adsorption analysis, desorption of activated carbons was conducted with different potentials. It was revealed that mixing could help the PAC sample to overcome the packing issue to increase the breakthrough capacity and the volumes before and after the breakthrough adsorption in the packed bed systems. The desorption rates of the PAC sample were also enhanced, and fast desorption was observed when mixed with ECP. It is envisioned that this method is very much promising carbon capture method for the techno-economic feasibility and sustainable development of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farooq
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - M A Saeed
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Imran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Engineering (SEN), University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - G M Uddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Asim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Bilal
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M R Younas
- School of Engineering (SEN), University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J M Andresen
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Nawaz R, Rathor HR, Bilal H, Hassan SA, Khan IA. Adulticidal Activity of Olea vera, Linum usitatissimum and Piper nigera against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti under Laboratory Conditions. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2011; 5:2-9. [PMID: 22808413 PMCID: PMC3385576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several plant extractions which are being used for mosquito control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Olea vera, Linum usitatissimum and Piper nigera against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. METHODS These tests were carried out using WHO recommended bioassay method for adult mosquitoes. RESULTS The extracts from black pepper was more effective as adulticide with lowest LC(50) values (2.26% and 8.4%) against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi after 24 h of exposure while after 48h (1.56% and 5.11%) respectively. In terms of LC(90) value black pepper was best with (8.66% and 30.1%) against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi after 24 h of exposure while after 48h (4.59% and 17.3%) respectively. In terms of LT(50) black pepper took 15 h to kill 50% tested population of Ae. aegypti while against An. stephensi it took more than 2 days. In terms of percentage mortality black pepper kill 84% of the population of Ae. aegypti and 44.75% of the An. stephensi population. CONCLUSION Black pepper showed best results in term of LC(50), LC(90), LT(50) and percentage mortality against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. Our study suggested that the plant extracts have potential to kill adult mosquitoes, are environment friendly and can be used for the control of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H Bilal
- Corresponding author: Mr Hazrat Bilal, E-mail:
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