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McAuley JL, Linden SK, Png CW, King RM, Pennington HL, Gendler SJ, Florin TH, Hill GR, Korolik V, McGuckin MA. MUC1 cell surface mucin is a critical element of the mucosal barrier to infection. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2313-24. [PMID: 17641781 PMCID: PMC1913485 DOI: 10.1172/jci26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface mucin glycoproteins are highly expressed by all mucosal tissues, yet their physiological role is currently unknown. We hypothesized that cell surface mucins protect mucosal cells from infection. A rapid progressive increase in gastrointestinal expression of mucin 1 (Muc1) cell surface mucin followed infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the first week following oral infection, C. jejuni was detected in the systemic organs of the vast majority of Muc1(-/-) mice but never in Muc1(+/+) mice. Although C. jejuni entered gastrointestinal epithelial cells of both Muc1(-/-) and Muc1(+/+) mice, small intestinal damage as manifested by increased apoptosis and enucleated and shed villous epithelium was more common in Muc1(-/-) mice. Using radiation chimeras, we determined that prevention of systemic infection in wild-type mice was due exclusively to epithelial Muc1 rather than Muc1 on hematopoietic cells. Expression of MUC1-enhanced resistance to C. jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) in vitro and CDT null C. jejuni showed lower gastric colonization in Muc1(-/-) mice in vivo. We believe this is the first in vivo experimental study to demonstrate that cell surface mucins are a critical component of mucosal defence and that the study provides the foundation for exploration of their contribution to epithelial infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. McAuley
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara K. Linden
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca M. King
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen L. Pennington
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra J. Gendler
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy H. Florin
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoff R. Hill
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Pennington HL, Wilce PA, Worrall S. Chemokine and cell adhesion molecule mRNA expression and neutrophil infiltration in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in ethanol-fed rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999. [PMID: 9835285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration is a feature of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and although the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear, it may involve a chemotactic gradient. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce, in ethanol-fed rats, liver damage similar to that seen in AH. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of ethanol on LPS-stimulated chemokine mRNA expression in this model. Hepatic cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, MIP-2, and eotaxin mRNA levels were elevated 1 to 3 hr post-LPS in both groups. Maximal expression of MIP-2 and MCP-1 mRNA was higher in ethanol-fed rats 1 hr post-LPS, whereas CINC-2 mRNA expression was elevated above controls at 12 to 24 hr. Hepatic intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mRNA levels were elevated in both groups at 1 hr, whereas L-selectin expression in ethanol-fed rats was elevated above controls at 12 to 24 hr. Hepatic neutrophil infiltration was highest during maximal hepatocyte necrosis. These data suggest that cell adhesion molecules, in conjunction with elevated cytokines and the subsequently induced chemokines, may assist in the formation of a chemotactic gradient within the liver, causing the neutrophil infiltration seen both in this model and possibly in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Pennington HL, Wilce PA, Worrall S. A comparison of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in ethanol-fed Wistar and Lewis rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22:1525-30. [PMID: 9802538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines have been detected in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in ethanol-fed Wistar rats. These cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the liver damage. Considering the likely involvement of the immune system in AH, and the frequent use of Lewis rats in autoimmune disease models, Lewis rats were examined in the model to determine whether they would more closely mimic the immune status of a chronic alcoholic and be a preferable strain for use in future experiments. Lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 mRNA expression was examined in both rat strains. The overall pattern of histological (panlobular piecemeal necrosis) and biochemical liver damage (plasma ALT levels), and cytokine expression was similar in both strains. Thus, it would appear that, despite the known susceptibility of Lewis rats to autoimmune phenomena, they do not respond to the experimental regime significantly better than Wistar rats. This study confirms that unknown mediators are contributing to the liver damage seen in this model and possibly in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Elevated concentrations of plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 have been detected in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocyte necrosis. The present study used a rat model to conduct a detailed histological and biochemical examination of the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated liver pathology in ethanol-potentiated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Male Wistar rats were pair-fed either the control or ethanol-containing (36% of caloric intake as ethanol) form of the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 6 weeks. Liver injury was induced by the i.v. injection of LPS (1 microgram/g bodyweight), with animals being killed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after injection. At the later time points, plasma transaminase and transpeptidase activities were significantly elevated in ethanol-fed LPS-treated rats compared with control-fed LPS-treated animals. At these times after LPS treatment, hepatocytes in ethanol-fed animals displayed fatty change and necrosis with an associated neutrophil polymorph infiltrate. Time course analysis revealed that plasma TNF-alpha (1-3 h post-LPS) and IL-6 (3 h post-LPS) bioactivity was significantly elevated in ethanol-fed compared with control-fed animals. No difference was seen in plasma IL-1 alpha concentration (maximal in both groups 6 h post-LPS). The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA were elevated between 1 and 6 h post-LPS in the livers of both control and ethanol-fed rats. However, ethanol-fed LPS-treated animals exhibited significantly higher maximal expression of IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA. Comparison of the appearance of cytokine mRNA and plasma bioactivity indicated an effect of ethanol feeding on post-transcriptional processing and/or the kinetics of the circulating cytokines. Elevated levels of both hepatic cytokine mRNA expression and the preceding plasma cytokines are presumably a necessary prerequisite for hepatic injury seen in this model and, therefore, possibly for the damage seen in human alcoholics. Further studies using this model may lead to significant advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Queensland, Australia
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