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Narayan NJC, Requena D, Lalazar G, Ramos-Espiritu L, Ng D, Levin S, Shebl B, Wang R, Hammond WJ, Saltsman JA, Gehart H, Torbenson MS, Clevers H, LaQuaglia MP, Simon SM. Human liver organoids for disease modeling of fibrolamellar carcinoma. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1874-1888. [PMID: 35803261 PMCID: PMC9391427 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare, often lethal, liver cancer affecting adolescents and young adults, for which there are no approved therapeutics. The development of therapeutics is hampered by a lack of in vitro models. Organoids have shown utility as a model system for studying many diseases. In this study, tumor tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver were obtained at the time of surgery. The tissue was dissociated and grown as organoids. We developed 21 patient-derived organoid lines: 12 from metastases, three from the liver tumor and six from adjacent non-tumor liver. These patient-derived FLC organoids recapitulate the histologic morphology, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome of the patient tumor. Patient-derived FLC organoids were used in a preliminary high-throughput drug screen to show proof of concept for the identification of therapeutics. This model system has the potential to improve our understanding of this rare cancer and holds significant promise for drug testing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J C Narayan
- Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Requena
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lavoisier Ramos-Espiritu
- High Throughput and Spectroscopy Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Denise Ng
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Solomon Levin
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bassem Shebl
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruisi Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William J Hammond
- Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James A Saltsman
- Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael P LaQuaglia
- Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanford M Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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De Crignis E, Hossain T, Romal S, Carofiglio F, Moulos P, Khalid MM, Rao S, Bazrafshan A, Verstegen MM, Pourfarzad F, Koutsothanassis C, Gehart H, Kan TW, Palstra RJ, Boucher C, IJzermans JN, Huch M, Boj SF, Vries R, Clevers H, van der Laan LJ, Hatzis P, Mahmoudi T. Application of human liver organoids as a patient-derived primary model for HBV infection and related hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2021; 10:e60747. [PMID: 34328417 PMCID: PMC8384419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular events that drive hepatitis B virus (HBV)-mediated transformation and tumorigenesis have remained largely unclear, due to the absence of a relevant primary model system. Here we propose the use of human liver organoids as a platform for modeling HBV infection and related tumorigenesis. We first describe a primary ex vivo HBV-infection model derived from healthy donor liver organoids after challenge with recombinant virus or HBV-infected patient serum. HBV-infected organoids produced covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV early antigen (HBeAg), expressed intracellular HBV RNA and proteins, and produced infectious HBV. This ex vivo HBV-infected primary differentiated hepatocyte organoid platform was amenable to drug screening for both anti-HBV activity and drug-induced toxicity. We also studied HBV replication in transgenically modified organoids; liver organoids exogenously overexpressing the HBV receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) after lentiviral transduction were not more susceptible to HBV, suggesting the necessity for additional host factors for efficient infection. We also generated transgenic organoids harboring integrated HBV, representing a long-term culture system also suitable for viral production and the study of HBV transcription. Finally, we generated HBV-infected patient-derived liver organoids from non-tumor cirrhotic tissue of explants from liver transplant patients. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived liver organoids indicated the presence of an aberrant early cancer gene signature, which clustered with the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort on The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma dataset and away from healthy liver tissue, and may provide invaluable novel biomarkers for the development of HCC and surveillance in HBV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shahla Romal
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Mir Mubashir Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ameneh Bazrafshan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique Ma Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles Boucher
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nm IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luc Jw van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Bonis V, Rossell C, Gehart H. The Intestinal Epithelium - Fluid Fate and Rigid Structure From Crypt Bottom to Villus Tip. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661931. [PMID: 34095127 PMCID: PMC8172987 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-layered, simple epithelium of the gastro-intestinal tract controls nutrient uptake, coordinates our metabolism and shields us from pathogens. Despite its seemingly simple architecture, the intestinal lining consists of highly distinct cell populations that are continuously renewed by the same stem cell population. The need to maintain balanced diversity of cell types in an unceasingly regenerating tissue demands intricate mechanisms of spatial or temporal cell fate control. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing, spatio-temporal profiling and organoid technology have shed new light on the intricate micro-structure of the intestinal epithelium and on the mechanisms that maintain it. This led to the discovery of unexpected plasticity, zonation along the crypt-villus axis and new mechanism of self-organization. However, not only the epithelium, but also the underlying mesenchyme is distinctly structured. Several new studies have explored the intestinal stroma with single cell resolution and unveiled important interactions with the epithelium that are crucial for intestinal function and regeneration. In this review, we will discuss these recent findings and highlight the technologies that lead to their discovery. We will examine strengths and limitations of each approach and consider the wider impact of these results on our understanding of the intestine in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Bonis
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rossell
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Marsee A, Roos FJM, Verstegen MMA, Gehart H, de Koning E, Lemaigre F, Forbes SJ, Peng WC, Huch M, Takebe T, Vallier L, Clevers H, van der Laan LJW, Spee B. Building consensus on definition and nomenclature of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:816-832. [PMID: 33961769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (HPB) organoids are powerful tools for studying development, disease, and regeneration. As organoid research expands, the need for clear definitions and nomenclature describing these systems also grows. To facilitate scientific communication and consistent interpretation, we revisit the concept of an organoid and introduce an intuitive classification system and nomenclature for describing these 3D structures through the consensus of experts in the field. To promote the standardization and validation of HPB organoids, we propose guidelines for establishing, characterizing, and benchmarking future systems. Finally, we address some of the major challenges to the clinical application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Marsee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eelco de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Lemaigre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, and Center for Stem Cell, and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Bannier-Hélaouët M, Post Y, Korving J, Trani Bustos M, Gehart H, Begthel H, Bar-Ephraim YE, van der Vaart J, Kalmann R, Imhoff SM, Clevers H. Exploring the human lacrimal gland using organoids and single-cell sequencing. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1221-1232.e7. [PMID: 33730555 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is essential for lubrication and protection of the eye. Disruption of lacrimal fluid production, composition, or release results in dry eye, causing discomfort and damage to the ocular surface. Here, we describe the establishment of long-term 3D organoid culture conditions for mouse and human lacrimal gland. Organoids can be expanded over multiple months and recapitulate morphological and transcriptional features of lacrimal ducts. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals the master regulator for eye development Pax6 to be required for differentiation of adult lacrimal gland cells. We address cellular heterogeneity of the lacrimal gland by providing a single-cell atlas of human lacrimal gland tissue and organoids. Finally, human lacrimal gland organoids phenocopy the process of tear secretion in response to neurotransmitters and can engraft and produce mature tear products upon orthotopic transplantation in mouse. Together, this study provides an experimental platform to study the (patho-)physiology of the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bannier-Hélaouët
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yorick Post
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Trani Bustos
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Verstegen MMA, Roos FJM, Burka K, Gehart H, Jager M, de Wolf M, Bijvelds MJC, de Jonge HR, Ardisasmita AI, van Huizen NA, Roest HP, de Jonge J, Koch M, Pampaloni F, Fuchs SA, Schene IF, Luider TM, van der Doef HPJ, Bodewes FAJA, de Kleine RHJ, Spee B, Kremers GJ, Clevers H, IJzermans JNM, Cuppen E, van der Laan LJW. Human extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids show region-specific differentiation potential and model cystic fibrosis-related bile duct disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21900. [PMID: 33318612 PMCID: PMC7736890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development, homeostasis, and repair of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts are thought to involve distinct mechanisms including proliferation and maturation of cholangiocyte and progenitor cells. This study aimed to characterize human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECO) using canonical Wnt-stimulated culture medium previously developed for intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICO). Paired ECO and ICO were derived from common bile duct and liver tissue, respectively. Characterization showed both organoid types were highly similar, though some differences in size and gene expression were observed. Both ECO and ICO have cholangiocyte fate differentiation capacity. However, unlike ICO, ECO lack the potential for differentiation towards a hepatocyte-like fate. Importantly, ECO derived from a cystic fibrosis patient showed no CFTR channel activity but normal chloride channel and MDR1 transporter activity. In conclusion, this study shows that ECO and ICO have distinct lineage fate and that ECO provide a competent model to study extrahepatic bile duct diseases like cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ksenia Burka
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Jager
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arif I Ardisasmita
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick A van Huizen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Koch
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imre F Schene
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert P J van der Doef
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A J A Bodewes
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben H J de Kleine
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Takayama K, Weaver LN, Lummertz da Rocha E, Lo Sardo V, Gehart H, Vu LP. Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:853-855. [PMID: 33275897 PMCID: PMC7713542 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has unfortunately halted lab work, conferences, and in-person networking, which is especially detrimental to researchers just starting their labs. Through social media and our reviewer networks, we met some early-career stem cell investigators impacted by the closures. Here, they introduce themselves and their research to our readers.
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8
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Abstract
The recent intersection of enteroendocrine cell biology with single-cell technologies and novel in vitro model systems has generated a tremendous amount of new data. Here we highlight these recent developments and explore how these findings contribute to the understanding of endocrine lineages in the gut. In particular, the concept of hormonal plasticity, the ability of endocrine cells to produce different hormones over the course of their lifetime, challenges the classic notion of cell types. Enteroendocrine cells travel in the course of their life through different signaling environments that directly influence their hormonal repertoire. In this context, we examine how enteroendocrine cell fate is determined and modulated by signaling molecules such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or location along the gastrointestinal tract. We analyze advantages and disadvantages of novel in vitro tools, adult stem cell or iPS-derived intestinal organoids, that have been crucial for recent findings on enteroendocrine development and plasticity. Finally, we illuminate the future perspectives of the field and discuss how understanding enteroendocrine plasticity can lead to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Saltsman JA, Hammond WJ, Narayan NJC, Requena D, Gehart H, Lalazar G, LaQuaglia MP, Clevers H, Simon S. A Human Organoid Model of Aggressive Hepatoblastoma for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2668. [PMID: 32962010 PMCID: PMC7563272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common childhood liver cancer. Although survival has improved significantly over the past few decades, there remains a group of children with aggressive disease who do not respond to current treatment regimens. There is a critical need for novel models to study aggressive hepatoblastoma as research to find new treatments is hampered by the small number of laboratory models of the disease. Organoids have emerged as robust models for many diseases, including cancer. We have generated and characterized a novel organoid model of aggressive hepatoblastoma directly from freshly resected patient tumors as a proof of concept for this approach. Hepatoblastoma tumor organoids recapitulate the key elements of patient tumors, including tumor architecture, mutational profile, gene expression patterns, and features of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that are hallmarks of hepatoblastoma pathophysiology. Tumor organoids were successfully used alongside non-tumor liver organoids from the same patient to perform a drug screen using twelve candidate compounds. One drug, JQ1, demonstrated increased destruction of liver organoids from hepatoblastoma tumor tissue relative to organoids from the adjacent non-tumor liver. Our findings suggest that hepatoblastoma organoids could be used for a variety of applications and have the potential to improve treatment options for the subset of hepatoblastoma patients who do not respond to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Saltsman
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - William J. Hammond
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nicole J. C. Narayan
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David Requena
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Michael P. LaQuaglia
- Pediatric Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanford Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.A.S.); (W.J.H.); (N.J.C.N.); (D.R.); (G.L.)
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Croteau NJ, Requena D, Lalazar G, Ng D, Levin S, Shebl B, Wang R, Hammond WJ, Saltsman JA, Gehart H, Clevers H, LaQuaglia MP, Simon S. Abstract 3905: Human liver organoids for disease modeling of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FLC) is a usually lethal liver cancer affecting adolescents and young adults without previous liver disease. FLC is characterized by a ~400kb nucleotide deletion resulting in a fusion of a heatshock protein cofactor, DNAJB1, with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA). One limitation to the study of this disease is the lack of in vitro models. Organoids have shown utility as a model system for studying many diseases, including cancer. This study describes the development and characterization of FLC tumor organoids. With IRB approval, normal liver and FLC tumor tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection. Liver cells were isolated from the tissue samples and placed into a 3D basement membrane matrix and the media supplemented with growth factors specific to promote liver organoid expansion. Normal and tumor organoids were analyzed by microscopy for morphology, by PCR for presence of the DNAJB1-PRKACA chimeric transcript, by Western blot for chimeric protein expression, and by RNA sequencing for transcriptomic changes. Eight organoid lines have been developed from normal liver and eight from FLC tumor tissue, including multiple independent organoids developed from different metastases from the same patient. A distinct morphological difference between normal liver organoids and FLC tumor organoids can be seen with either brightfield microscopy or with H&E. The DNAJB1-PRKACA chimeric transcript was detected in all of the tumor tissue and tumor organoids by RT-PCR and not detected in any of the normal tissue or organoids. The presence of the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein was verified by Western blot in tumor organoids and tissue but not detectable in the normal tissue. The RNA sequencing analysis shows clustering of tumor organoids with tumor tissue. Tumor organoids injected subcutaneously in mice grew as tumors. Now that the normal and tumor organoids have been developed and validated, they are being used for screening for potential therapeutics.
Citation Format: Nicole J. Croteau, David Requena, Gadi Lalazar, Denise Ng, Solomon Levin, Bassem Shebl, Ruisi Wang, William J. Hammond, James A. Saltsman, Helmuth Gehart, Hans Clevers, Michael P. LaQuaglia, Sanford Simon. Human liver organoids for disease modeling of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3905.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise Ng
- 2The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Ruisi Wang
- 2The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Chen C, Nantasanti Assawarachan S, Schneeberger K, Kummeling A, van Straten G, Akkerdaas IC, Vinke CR, van Steenbeek FG, van Bruggen LW, Wolfswinkel J, Grinwis GC, Fuchs SA, Gehart H, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Autologous Canine Liver Organoids in a COMMD1-Deficient Dog Model of Metabolic Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020410. [PMID: 32053895 PMCID: PMC7072637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of liver organ donors is increasing and the need for viable alternatives is urgent. Liver cell (hepatocyte) transplantation may be a less invasive treatment compared with liver transplantation. Unfortunately, hepatocytes cannot be expanded in vitro, and allogenic cell transplantation requires long-term immunosuppression. Organoid-derived adult liver stem cells can be cultured indefinitely to create sufficient cell numbers for transplantation, and they are amenable to gene correction. This study provides preclinical proof of concept of the potential of cell transplantation in a large animal model of inherited copper toxicosis, such as Wilson’s disease, a Mendelian disorder that causes toxic copper accumulation in the liver. Hepatic progenitors from five COMMD1-deficient dogs were isolated and cultured using the 3D organoid culture system. After genetic restoration of COMMD1 expression, the organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells were safely delivered as repeated autologous transplantations via the portal vein. Although engraftment and repopulation percentages were low, the cells survived in the liver for up to two years post-transplantation. The low engraftment was in line with a lack of functional recovery regarding copper excretion. This preclinical study confirms the survival of genetically corrected autologous organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells in vivo and warrants further optimization of organoid engraftment and functional recovery in a large animal model of human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S. Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Giora van Straten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Ies C. Akkerdaas
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Christel R. Vinke
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Leonie W.L. van Bruggen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Jeannette Wolfswinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Guy C.M. Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Sabine A. Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Robert G. Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Baukje A. Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
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Novellasdemunt L, Kucharska A, Jamieson C, Prange-Barczynska M, Baulies A, Antas P, van der Vaart J, Gehart H, Maurice MM, Li VS. NEDD4 and NEDD4L regulate Wnt signalling and intestinal stem cell priming by degrading LGR5 receptor. EMBO J 2019; 39:e102771. [PMID: 31867777 PMCID: PMC6996568 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker LGR5 is a receptor for R‐spondin (RSPO) that functions to potentiate Wnt signalling in the proliferating crypt. It has been recently shown that Wnt plays a priming role for ISC self‐renewal by inducing RSPO receptor LGR5 expression. Despite its pivotal role in homeostasis, regeneration and cancer, little is known about the post‐translational regulation of LGR5. Here, we show that the HECT‐domain E3 ligases NEDD4 and NEDD4L are expressed in the crypt stem cell regions and regulate ISC priming by degrading LGR receptors. Loss of Nedd4 and Nedd4l enhances ISC proliferation, increases sensitivity to RSPO stimulation and accelerates tumour development in Apcmin mice with increased numbers of high‐grade adenomas. Mechanistically, we find that both NEDD4 and NEDD4L negatively regulate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling by targeting LGR5 receptor and DVL2 for proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. Our findings unveil the previously unreported post‐translational control of LGR receptors via NEDD4/NEDD4L to regulate ISC priming. Inactivation of NEDD4 and NEDD4L increases Wnt activation and ISC numbers, which subsequently enhances tumour predisposition and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Novellasdemunt
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Cara Jamieson
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Baulies
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pedro Antas
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Sw Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Hu H, Gehart H, Artegiani B, LÖpez-Iglesias C, Dekkers F, Basak O, van Es J, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Begthel H, Korving J, van den Born M, Zou C, Quirk C, Chiriboga L, Rice CM, Ma S, Rios A, Peters PJ, de Jong YP, Clevers H. Long-Term Expansion of Functional Mouse and Human Hepatocytes as 3D Organoids. Cell 2018; 175:1591-1606.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gehart H, Clevers H. Repairing organs: lessons from intestine and liver. Trends Genet 2015; 31:344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Secretory granule biogenesis is a pivotal process for regulated release of hormones and neurotransmitters. A prominent example is the pancreatic β cell that secretes insulin, a major anabolic hormone controlling cellular metabolism upon nutrient availability. We recently described a checkpoint mechanism that halts scission of nascent secretory granules at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) until complete loading of insulin is achieved. We demonstrated that the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing protein Arfaptin-1 prevents granule scission until it is phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD). Arfaptin-1 phosphorylation releases its binding to ADP-rybosylation factor (ARF) allowing scission to occur. Lack of this control mechanism in β cells resulted in premature scission, generation of dysfunctional insulin granules and impaired regulated insulin secretion without affecting constitutive release of other transport carriers. Here we discuss two important questions related to this work: How might completion of granule loading be sensed by PKD, and how does Arfaptin-1 specifically regulate insulin granule formation in beta cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Gehart
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire); INSERM; CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; Illkirch, France ; Institute of Cell Biology; ETH Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
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Morvan J, Gehart H, Ricci R. [Arfaptine-1 controls secretory granule biogenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:247-9. [PMID: 23544374 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013293006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gehart H. An insulin granule biogenesis checkpoint. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ittner A, Block H, Reichel CA, Varjosalo M, Gehart H, Sumara G, Gstaiger M, Krombach F, Zarbock A, Ricci R. Regulation of PTEN activity by p38d-PKD1 signaling in neutrophils confers inflammatory responses in the lung. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2012. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1994oia6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ittner A, Block H, Reichel CA, Varjosalo M, Gehart H, Sumara G, Gstaiger M, Krombach F, Zarbock A, Ricci R. Regulation of PTEN activity by p38δ-PKD1 signaling in neutrophils confers inflammatory responses in the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2229-46. [PMID: 23129748 PMCID: PMC3501357 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of p38 MAP kinase p38 d results in decreased alveolar neutrophil accumulation and attenuation of acute lung injury through activation of protein kinase D1 and PTEN. Despite their role in resolving inflammatory insults, neutrophils trigger inflammation-induced acute lung injury (ALI), culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a frequent complication with high mortality in humans. Molecular mechanisms underlying recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that p38 MAP kinase p38δ is required for recruitment of neutrophils into inflammatory sites. Global and myeloid-restricted deletion of p38δ in mice results in decreased alveolar neutrophil accumulation and attenuation of ALI. p38δ counteracts the activity of its downstream target protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in neutrophils and myeloid-restricted inactivation of PKD1 leads to exacerbated lung inflammation. Importantly, p38δ and PKD1 conversely regulate PTEN activity in neutrophils, thereby controlling their extravasation and chemotaxis. PKD1 phosphorylates p85α to enhance its interaction with PTEN, leading to polarized PTEN activity, thereby regulating neutrophil migration. Thus, aberrant p38δ–PKD1 signaling in neutrophils may underlie development of ALI and life-threatening ARDS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ittner
- Institute of Cell Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gehart H, Goginashvili A, Beck R, Morvan J, Erbs E, Formentini I, De Matteis M, Schwab Y, Wieland F, Ricci R. The BAR Domain Protein Arfaptin-1 Controls Secretory Granule Biogenesis at the trans-Golgi Network. Dev Cell 2012; 23:756-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gehart H, Kumpf S, Ittner A, Ricci R. MAPK signalling in cellular metabolism: stress or wellness? EMBO Rep 2010; 11:834-40. [PMID: 20930846 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2010.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling occurs in response to almost any change in the extracellular or intracellular milieu that affects the metabolism of the cell, organ or the entire organism. MAPK-dependent signal transduction is required for physiological metabolic adaptation, but inappropriate MAPK signalling contributes to the development of several interdependent pathological traits, collectively known as metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome leads to life-threatening clinical consequences, such as type 2 diabetes. This Review provides an overview of the MAPK-signalling mechanisms that underly basic cellular metabolism, discussing their link to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Gehart
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg Campus, Switzerland
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