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Camp J, Morris A, Wilde H, Smith P, Rimes KA. Gender- and Sexuality-Minoritised Adolescents in DBT: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis of Minority-Specific Treatment Targets and Experience. Cogn Behav Therap 2023; 16:s1754470x23000326. [PMID: 38125010 PMCID: PMC7615396 DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x23000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gender- and sexuality-minoritised (GSM) adolescents are at increased risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviours compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers. This increased risk is thought to be explained in part by exposure to stigma and societal oppression. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based intervention for self-harm and suicidal behaviour that may have advantages for supporting GSM young people in distress. No study has yet sought to understand what GSM-associated difficulties may be important to consider in DBT for adolescents, or the experiences of GSM young people in a standard DBT programme. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the experiences of GSM young people in DBT and what difficulties and dilemmas associated with their gender and sexuality diversity were thought by them to be important to target in DBT. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 GSM young people in a comprehensive DBT programme and were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The analysis was supported by two further GSM young people who had finished DBT. The findings were split into three overarching themes (Identity, Impact of Others, and Space for Sexual and Gender Identity in DBT), each with themes within. The identity-based theme included "identity confusion and acceptance"; the relationship-based themes included "cis-Heterosexism" and "community connectedness"; and the space within DBT themes included "negotiating focus and targeting in DBT" and "creating safety in DBT". Findings are discussed in relation to implications and recommendations for therapists working with GSM young people within and outside of DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Camp
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB
- National & Specialist CAMHS, DBT Service, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ
| | - A Morris
- National & Specialist CAMHS, DBT Service, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ
| | - H Wilde
- National & Specialist CAMHS, DBT Service, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ
| | - P Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB
| | - K A Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB
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Hunsaker J, Scoville J, Joyce E, Reese JC, Wilde H, Arain A, Bollo RJ, Rolston JD. 496 Stereotactic Electroencephalography is Associated with Reduced Opioid and NSAID Use When Compared to Subdural Grids: A Pediatric Case Series. Neurosurgery 2022. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001880_496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Scoville JP, Joyce E, Hunsaker J, Reese J, Wilde H, Arain A, Bollo RL, Rolston JD. Stereotactic Electroencephalography Is Associated With Reduced Pain and Opioid Use When Compared with Subdural Grids: A Case Series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:6-13. [PMID: 33733680 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been shown to decrease length of hospital stay and opioid use. OBJECTIVE To identify whether surgery for epilepsy mapping via MIS stereotactically placed electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes decreased overall opioid use when compared with craniotomy for EEG grid placement (ECoG). METHODS Patients who underwent surgery for epilepsy mapping, either SEEG or ECoG, were identified through retrospective chart review from 2015 through 2018. The hospital stay was separated into specific time periods to distinguish opioid use immediately postoperatively, throughout the rest of the stay and at discharge. The total amount of opioids consumed during each period was calculated by transforming all types of opioids into their morphine equivalents (ME). Pain scores were also collected using a modification of the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) scale. The 2 surgical groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS The study identified 43 patients who met the inclusion criteria: 36 underwent SEEG placement and 17 underwent craniotomy grid placement. There was a statistically significant difference in median opioid consumption per hospital stay between the ECoG and the SEEG placement groups, 307.8 vs 71.5 ME, respectively (P = .0011). There was also a significant difference in CAPA scales between the 2 groups (P = .0117). CONCLUSION Opioid use is significantly lower in patients who undergo MIS epilepsy mapping via SEEG compared with those who undergo the more invasive ECoG procedure. As part of efforts to decrease the overall opioid burden, these results should be considered by patients and surgeons when deciding on surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Scoville
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Evan Joyce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Joshua Hunsaker
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jared Reese
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Herschel Wilde
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amir Arain
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert L Bollo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Utah, USA
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Wilde H, Gamblin AS, Reese J, Garry JG, Guan J, Mortenson J, Flis A, Rosenbluth JP, Karsy M, Bisson EF, Dailey AT. The Effect of Hospital Transfer on Patient Outcomes After Rehabilitation for Spinal Injury. World Neurosurg 2020; 133:e76-e83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wilde H, Twitchell S, Reese J, Guan J, Eli IM, Karsy M, Taussky P, Grandhi R, Schmidt RH, Couldwell WT. Evaluation of disease severity and treatment intensity as cost drivers for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:157-167. [PMID: 31811467 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have not evaluated the impact of illness severity and postrupture procedures in the cost of care for intracranial aneurysms. We hypothesize that the severity of aneurysm rupture and the aggressiveness of postrupture interventions play a role in cost. METHODS The Value Driven Outcomes database was used to assess direct patient cost during the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm with clipping, coiling, and Pipeline flow diverters. RESULTS One hundred ninety-eight patients (mean age 52.8 ± 14.1 years; 40.0% male) underwent craniotomy (64.6%), coiling (26.7%), or flow diversion (8.6%). Coiling was 1.4× more expensive than clipping (p = .005) and flow diversion was 1.7× more expensive than clipping (p < .001). More severe illness as measured by American Society of Anesthesia, Hunt/Hess, and Fisher scales incurred higher costs than less severe illness (p < .05). Use of a lumbar drain protocol to reduce subarachnoid hemorrhage and use of an external ventricular drain to manage intracranial pressure were associated with reduced (p = .05) and increased (p < .001) total costs, respectively. Patients with severe vasospasm (p < .005), those that received shunts (p < .001), and those who had complications (p < .001) had higher costs. Multivariate analysis showed that procedure type, length of stay, number of angiograms, vasospasm severity, disposition, and year of treatment were independent predictors of cost. CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that disease and vasospasm severity and intensity of treatment directly impact the cost of care for patients with aneurysms in the USA. Strategies to alter these variables may prove important for cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herschel Wilde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Spencer Twitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jared Reese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ilyas M Eli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Philipp Taussky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Richard H Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - William T Couldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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Karsy M, Wilde H, Rolston JD. In Reply: Evaluating the Landscape of Clinical Research in Neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2019; 85:E795. [PMID: 31384948 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Neurosciences Center University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Herschel Wilde
- Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Neurosciences Center University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Neurosciences Center University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
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Wilde H, Twitchell S, Karsy M, Taussky P, Grandhi R. Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Initial Treatment and Follow-up Cost Analysis: Pipeline Flow Diverters vs Coiling. Neurosurgery 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz310_659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sherrod BA, Gamboa NT, Wilkerson C, Wilde H, Azab MA, Karsy M, Jensen RL, Menacho ST. Effect of patient age on glioblastoma perioperative treatment costs: a value driven outcome database analysis. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:465-473. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wilde H, Azab MA, Abunimer AM, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Karsy M, Guan J, Menacho ST, Jensen RL. Evaluation of cost and survival in intracranial gliomas using the Value Driven Outcomes database: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Neurosurg 2019; 132:1006-1016. [PMID: 30925470 DOI: 10.3171/2018.12.jns183109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gliomas occur in 3-4 individuals per 100,000 individuals and are one of the most common primary brain tumors. Treatment options are limited for gliomas despite the progressive nature of the disease. The authors used the Value Driven Outcomes (VDO) database to identify cost drivers and subgroups that are involved in the surgical treatment of gliomas. METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients with gliomas treated at the authors' institution from August 2011 to February 2018 was evaluated using medical records and the VDO database. RESULTS A total of 263 patients with intracranial gliomas met the authors' inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (WHO grade I: 2.0%; grade II: 18.5%; grade III: 18.1%; and grade IV: 61.4%). Facility costs were the major (64.4%) cost driver followed by supplies (16.2%), pharmacy (10.1%), imaging (4.5%), and laboratory (4.7%). Univariate analysis of cost contributors demonstrated that American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (p = 0.002), tumor recurrence (p = 0.06), Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.002), length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.0001), and maximal tumor size (p = 0.03) contributed significantly to the total costs. However, on multivariate analysis, only LOS (p = 0.0001) contributed significantly to total costs. More extensive tumor resection in WHO grade III and IV tumors was associated with significant improvement in survival (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Understanding care costs is challenging because of the highly complex, fragmented, and variable nature of healthcare delivery. Adopting effective strategies that would reduce facility costs and limit LOS is likely the most important aspect in reducing intracranial glioma treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herschel Wilde
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mohammed A Azab
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Abdullah M Abunimer
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
| | - Michael Karsy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jian Guan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sarah T Menacho
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Randy L Jensen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Reese JC, Twitchell S, Wilde H, Azab MA, Guan J, Karsy M, Couldwell WT. Analysis of Treatment Cost Variation Among Multiple Neurosurgical Procedures Using the Value-Driven Outcomes Database. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e914-e920. [PMID: 30872202 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care costs comprise a substantial portion of total national expenditure. Although interest in cost-effectiveness analysis in neurosurgery has increased, there has been little cross-comparison of neurosurgical procedures. The aim of this study was to compare costs across elective neurosurgical procedures to understand whether drivers of cost differ. METHODS The Value Driven Outcomes database was used to evaluate treatment costs for resection of vestibular schwannoma, intracranial meningioma, gliomas, and pituitary adenoma; anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and lumbar spinal fusion; and aneurysm treatment. RESULTS A total of 1997 patients (mean age 54.6 ± 14.5 years; 45.2% male) were evaluated. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 4.0 ± 4.4 days. For cases involving hardware implantation, including spine fusion or aneurysm treatment, supplies and implants (49.1%) accounted for the largest fraction of costs followed by facility costs (37.9%). For cases that did not involve hardware, including tumor cases, facility costs (63.9%) were the largest fraction, followed by supplies and implants (16.2%). Aneurysm treatment and lumbar fusion were 1.5-3 times more costly than cranial tumor resection and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion per patient. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that LOS (β = 0.7, P = 0.0001) and patient treatment type (β = 0.2, P = 0.0001) had the greatest effect on costs. LOS correlated with cost differently depending on case type; its effect was largest for patients with meningioma and smallest for patients with vestibular schwannoma. Costs across time increased similarly for all case types. CONCLUSIONS Costs for neurosurgical procedures vary widely depending on treatment type and correlated directly with LOS. Strategies to reduce cost may require different approaches depending on procedure type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Reese
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Spencer Twitchell
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Herschel Wilde
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William T Couldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Mahavihakanont A, Saraya A, Shuangshoti S, Sittidetboripat N, Wacharapluesadee S, Wilde H, Hemachudha T. Encephalitis syndrome: Look for autoimmune causes. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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12
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Saraya A, Wilde H, Hemachudha T. CSF pleocytosis is not always present in herpes simplex virus infection of the nervous system. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Khawplod P, Wilde H, Sriaroon C, Chomchey P, Kamolthum T, Sitprija V. One or three intradermal injections within one week for rabies pre-exposure immunization. Dev Biol (Basel) 2008; 131:393-401. [PMID: 18634501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pre-exposure rabies vaccination is recommended fortravellers to endemic countries and forselected populations in highly endemic regions. It consists of three injections administered over 3-4 weeks. Travellers often ignore or do not have enough time to receive a complete course prior to departure or leave with only one or two injections. In this study, the secondary antibody response in volunteers who received one or three injections within one week is evaluated. Results are compared to the recommended three injection regimen when administered with two booster vaccinations on days 0 and 3 one year later. Long-lasting immune memory in volunteers who received only one time vaccination of 0.1 ml (1 site) intradermally and then received two booster vaccinations of 0.1 ml (1 site) intradermally on days 0 and 3, one or three years later is also reported. All volunteers developed an accelerated and adequate neutralizing antibody response within seven days after they received two boosters. These data suggest that three injections within one week are as immunogenic as three injections within four weeks. One clinic visit with two-site 0.1 ml ID injections or a one-site single 0.1 ml pre-exposure rabies vaccination is enough to prime the host immune memory for at least one to three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khawplod
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Tepsumethanon V, Wilde H, Sitprija V. Ten-day observation of live rabies suspected dogs. Dev Biol (Basel) 2008; 131:543-546. [PMID: 18634517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing a ten-day observation period of rabies suspected dogs and cats according to six criteria. Dogs and cats suspected of being rabid were brought for observation when they had either bitten a person or another animal or when abnormal behaviour or unusual illness was observed. Between 1985 and 2005, retrospective and prospective data from 1,222 dogs and 303 cats was collected during the ten-day observation period. If an animal had died, brain examination using fluorescent antibody testing was routinely performed. If an animal had survived for > or =10 days, it was released to its owner or transferred to the municipal dog shelter. A total of 644 dogs and 58 cats found rabid died within 10 days of observation. In addition, for 208 dogs confirmed rabid with laboratory tests between 1997 and 2005, six criteria were analysed from the day of submission. This experience with the implemented 10-day observation period confirms the WHO recommendation on identifying suspected rabid dogs or cats under veterinary supervision following a human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tepsumethanon
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Suwansrinon K, Jaijareonsup W, Wilde H, Benjavongkulchai M, Sriaroon C, Sitprija V. Sex- and age-related differences in rabies immunoglobulin hypersensitivity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:206-8. [PMID: 16806332 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed 72132 patients who had received rabies immunoglobulin between 1987 and 2005 at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Bangkok. Purified equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG) was given to 42965 (59.56%) patients and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) to 29167 (40.44%) patients. A total of 812 patients from both groups (1.13%) reported adverse reactions; among those who had received ERIG, 43.13% were male and 56.87% were female, and among those who had received HRIG, 34.62% were male and 65.38% were female. Females were at higher risk of exhibiting ERIG or HRIG hypersensitivity than males (P<0.01). None of the reactions was life-threatening. Serum sickness-like reactions to ERIG and HRIG were rare under the age of 10 years (0.05 and 0.01% among recipients in that age group).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suwansrinon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies and Venomous Snake Research, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 1871 Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Suwansrinon K, Wilde H, Benjavongkulchai M, Banjongkasaena U, Lertjarutorn S, Boonchang S, Suttisri R, Khowplod P, Daviratanasilpa S, Sitprija V. Survival of neutralizing antibody in previously rabies vaccinated subjects: A prospective study showing long lasting immunity. Vaccine 2006; 24:3878-80. [PMID: 16530893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physicians dealing with potential rabies exposures and travel medicine are frequently asked how long previous pre- or post-exposure rabies vaccination induced immunity persists. We therefore carried out a prospective study on 118 rabies vaccine recipients who had received pre- or post-exposure regimens with tissue culture rabies vaccines by intramuscular or intradermal schedules 5-21 years previously. Rabies neutralizing antibody was detectable in the sera of all subjects on day 0. They then received one intradermal 0.1 mL booster injection on days 0 and 3. Neutralizing antibody determination was carried out on days 5, 7 and 14. All except one subject showed an accelerated antibody response following the two booster injections. Vaccination with a WHO recognized tissue culture rabies vaccine evokes long lasting immunity. This study supports current recommendations that immunity is long lasting and that boosters without immunoglobulin are sufficient even when prior vaccination was longer than 5 years previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suwansrinon
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society (WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Rabies), 1871 Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Stottmeister U, Aurich A, Wilde H, Andersch J, Schmidt S, Sicker D. White biotechnology for green chemistry: fermentative 2-oxocarboxylic acids as novel building blocks for subsequent chemical syntheses. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 32:651-64. [PMID: 15995855 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized compounds, which are difficult to produce by classical chemical synthesis, are of special interest as biotechnologically available targets. They represent useful building blocks for subsequent organic syntheses, wherein they can undergo stereoselective or regioselective reactions. "White Biotechnology" (as defined by the European Chemical Industry [ http://www.europabio.org/white_biotech.htm ], as part of a sustainable "Green Chemistry,") supports new applications of chemicals produced via biotechnology. Environmental aspects of this interdisciplinary combination include: Use of renewable feedstock Optimization of biotechnological processes by means of: New "high performance" microorganisms On-line measurement of substrates and products in bioreactors Alternative product isolation, resulting in higher yields, and lower energy demand In this overview we describe biotechnologically produced pyruvic, 2-oxopentaric and 2-oxohexaric acids as promising new building blocks for synthetic chemistry. In the first part, the microbial formation of 2-oxocarboxylic acids (2-OCAs) in general, and optimization of the fermentation steps required to form pyruvic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and 2-oxo-D-gluconic acid are described, highlighting the fundamental advantages in comparison to chemical syntheses. In the second part, a set of chemical formula schemes demonstrate that 2-OCAs are applicable as building blocks in the chemical synthesis of, e.g., hydrophilic triazines, spiro-connected heterocycles, benzotriazines, and pyranoic amino acids. Finally, some perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Stottmeister
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ Center for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Wilde H, Mann G, Burkhardt U, Weber G, Labus D, Schindler W. Oxidative Kupplung CH-acider Verbindungen mit p-Phenylendiaminen. III [1]. Reaktivität 4-substituierter 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-one gegenüber N,N-Diethylchinondiimin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19793210319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Böhme F, Kunert C, Komber H, Voigt D, Friedel P, Khodja M, Wilde H. Polymeric and Macrocyclic Ureas Based on Meta-Substituted Aromatic Diamines. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma012163t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Böhme
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ch. Kunert
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H. Komber
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - D. Voigt
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P. Friedel
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M. Khodja
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H. Wilde
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; and Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the epidemiology of potential rabies exposures in Thai children. METHODS The study was carried out at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute of the Thai Red Cross Society during I calendar year. All charts of victims aged 0 to 14 years with possible rabies exposures were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Subjects were 2622 children, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1 and a mean age of 6.7 years (range, 2 months to 14 years). Most exposures (86.3%) were related to dogs. The most common site of exposure was the lower extremity. The majority of exposures occurred in or around the home and as the consequence of unprovoked attacks rather than provoked attacks. Antirabies vaccines were given in all cases: 68.4% using the Thai Red Cross intradermal route, and 31.6% using the intramuscular route. Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) was prescribed in 57.5% of children; 35.2% received human RIG (HRIG), and 22.3% received purified equine RIG (ERIG). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that rabies exposures, especially in children, are an important public health problem in Thailand. The reduced-dose, multiple-site intradermal rabies vaccine method and ERIG in place of HRIG reduce the cost of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pancharoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, and Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok.
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Pancharoen C, Thisyakorn U, Tantawichien T, Jaijaroensup W, Khawplod P, Wilde H. Failure of pre- and postexposure rabies vaccinations in a child infected with HIV. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 33:390-1. [PMID: 11440231 DOI: 10.1080/003655401750174183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 6-y-old HIV-infected girl with severe immune deficiency who failed to respond to intramuscular pre-exposure rabies vaccination using human diploid cell rabies vaccine on days 0, 7 and 28. She also failed to respond to an intradermal postexposure rabies regimen using purified verocell rabies vaccine at 4 sites on days 0, 3 and 7 and at 2 sites on days 30 and 90 (double the usual regimen). Sequentially monitored rabies neutralizing antibody titers were below the WHO minimum acceptable level (> 0.15 IU/ml) in all specimens. Rabies prevention in HIV-infected persons with severe immune suppression requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pancharoen
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Phaosavasdi S, Tannirandorn Y, Wilde H, Taneepanichskul S, Hongladarom S. New-world and transcultural impact on Thai medical practices and professional behaviour. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1650-2. [PMID: 11853312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Thailand, which is barely recovering from the 1997 economic collapse, has passed a new constitution, has a new government and all of this will have a profound effect on the way doctors practice and interact with their patients. Some of the factors that have been responsible for this are 1) Passage of a patient's rights bill 2) Legal definition of what is a proper consent form 3) The public's demand for openness, better communication and transparency in medicine These concepts, which now have a legal as well as moral basis, will impact directly on doctors and nurses as their practices will be subject to increasingly intense scrutiny and criticism. Doctors and nurses in past generations were among the most respected members of Thai society. They were trusted almost without exception and their judgment was not questioned. Only rare cases of malfeasance and malpractice came to public notice though, no doubt, they existed but to a much lesser degree. A physicians' life was much simpler for our teachers, fathers and grandfathers. Life was inexpensive, families were less demanding and the doctor did not have to surround himself with expensive foreign-made apparatus which can bankrupt the doctor as well as the patients who have to pay the bills. Medical decisions were made mostly on the basis of observation, past experience at the bedside and not in the laboratory or imaging rooms. Honest errors in diagnosis were common, treatment was limited and simple and this was all tolerated or expected by the public. Few if any disappointments on the part of patients ended up before a judge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phaosavasdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Suankratay C, Nunthapisud P, Wilde H. Invasive group A Streptococcal infections at Chulalongkorn University Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1594-603. [PMID: 11853303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the incidence and pattern of group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections in Thailand have paralleled those in the United States and Europe, we conducted a retrospective study of invasive GAS infections at Chulalongkorn University Hospital from 1995 to 1999. A total of 42 cases were identified. There were 18 males and 24 females (median age of 59 and 46 years, respectively). Most patients were in two age groups: 20-39 (33%) and 60-79 (38%). Underlying conditions were present in 34 patients (81%), including mostly chronic system diseases (50%), alcohol abuse (19%), diabetes mellitus (14%), connective tissue diseases (12%), immunosuppressive illnesses (12%), and human immunodeficiency virus infection (10%). The most common clinical presentations were skin and soft-tissue infections (31%), primary bacteremia (29%), and arthritis (14%). Of these, 24 (57%) presented with toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Overall mortality rate was 33 per cent. All GAS but one isolate were susceptible to penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suankratay
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Boonsarngsuk V, Suankratay C, Wilde H. Presumably entomophthoramycosis in an HIV-infected patient: the first in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1635-40. [PMID: 11853309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors reported the case of a symptomatic HIV-infected woman with a slowly progressive infiltrative lesion which invaded in and around the nasal cavity over a 6-month period. Physical examination showed erythematous to violaceous plaques at the nasal and malar areas. Swelling of the inferior turbinate was noted in the right nare. Skin biopsy of the involved area revealed multiple nonseptate, broad, thin-walled hyphae within giant cells and granulomata. Entomophthoramycosis was diagnosed based on clinical features and histopathology. She was treated with intravenous amphotericin B for two weeks, followed by oral itraconazole 400 mg daily. At six months there was complete resolution of all lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boonsarngsuk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wilde H, Phaosavasdi S, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Pruksapong C. Is the time ripe to start a universal health care system for Thailand? J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1509-12. [PMID: 11804264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok
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Pancharoen C, Mekmullica J, Kasempimolporn S, Thisyakorn U, Wilde H. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody among children and young adults in Bangkok. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1477-80. [PMID: 11804259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in various age groups of healthy children and young adults who have not received the hepatitis A vaccine. METHOD Blood samples were collected from 825 volunteers aged 1-30 years from a well baby clinic and five academic institutions in the Don Mueang area from 1998 to 1999. Serum samples were assayed for specific HAV IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS The seropositivity rate (12.4% overall) in each age group was as follows: 1-3 years, 7.7 per cent; 4-7 years, 6.6 per cent; 8-11 years, 12.4 per cent; 12-15 years, 10.7 per cent and 16-30 years, 25.9 per cent. CONCLUSIONS In the Don Mueang area of Bangkok, the majority of children (< 16 years) do not have natural immunity against HAV. The use of hepatitis A vaccine for this population should be considered. Pre-vaccination serologic screening for HAV IgG in children may not be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pancharoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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29
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Abstract
Development costs for new biological agents are increasing, and the time span from laboratory research to introduction of a product on the world market is becoming ever longer. Complex regulatory requirements add barriers and additional costs to early introduction abroad. This results in reluctance by manufacturers to undertake development of a vaccine that will be used for a tropical disease in only the public sector of a poor country. The chances of recovery of huge investment costs before patents expire are not good, unless such a new vaccine can also be sold at high cost in North America and Europe. These are some of the reasons that we still do not have a modern Japanese encephalitis vaccine or products against malaria and dengue fever. Many tropical countries must find a way to develop their own vaccine production facilities. Innovative help for technology transfer will have to be forthcoming, or many new life-saving products will never bridge the gap between research unit and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute and Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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30
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Wilde H, Sitprija V. Who has the ultimate responsible for publishing clinical research results? J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1217-20. [PMID: 11758861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangko, Thailand
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suankratay
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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33
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Phaosavasdi S, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Wilde H, Pruksapong C. Are we really managing this HIV patient? J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1069-70. [PMID: 11759970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Phaosavasdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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34
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Abstract
A captive breeding program for venomous Thai snakes was established at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute at Bangkok, Thailand. This was necessary to secure a stable, healthy, and species-confirmed source of snake venom for antivenom production. In 1994, wild-caught specimens were collected, sexed, quarantined, and housed appropriately. All data in this report, with the exclusion of Table 6, were collected from 1994 to 1997. Two species were bred successfully in captivity to date during this study period. Although captive breeding has not yet been achieved with all species and subspecies, our early success was encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chanhome
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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35
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Riesland N, Simpson AJ, Wilde H. Diplomats in Bangkok and risk of melioidosis. J Travel Med 2001; 8:146-7. [PMID: 11468118 DOI: 10.2310/7060.2001.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Riesland
- US Department of State, Jakarta, Indonesia
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36
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37
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Wilde H, Phaosavasdi S, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Pruksapong C. A severe dog bite in a small child. (How can it become an ethical dilemma?). J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:751-3. [PMID: 11560230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok
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38
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Suankratay C, Phantumchinda K, Tachawiboonsak W, Wilde H. Non-serogroup O:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia and cerebritis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:E117-9. [PMID: 11264049 DOI: 10.1086/319596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2000] [Revised: 07/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of non-serogroup O:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia and cerebritis in a 41-year-old Thai man with alcoholism who presented with fever and cellulitis of the right ankle. He was successfully treated with parenteral cefotaxime and then was switched to treatment with oral ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suankratay
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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39
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Hartman PS, Hlavacek A, Wilde H, Lewicki D, Schubert W, Kern RG, Kazarians GA, Benton EV, Benton ER, Nelson GA. A comparison of mutations induced by accelerated iron particles versus those induced by low earth orbit space radiation in the FEM-3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mutat Res 2001; 474:47-55. [PMID: 11239962 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fem-3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to determine the mutation frequency as well as the nature of mutations induced by low earth orbit space radiation ambient to Space Shuttle flight STS-76. Recovered mutations were compared to those induced by accelerated iron ions generated by the AGS synchrotron accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory. For logistical reasons, dauer larvae were prepared at TCU, transported to either Kennedy Space Center or Brookhaven National Laboratory, flown in space or irradiated, returned to TCU and screened for mutants. A total of 25 fem-3 mutants were recovered after the shuttle flight and yielded a mutation frequency of 2.1x10(-5), roughly 3.3-fold higher than the spontaneous rate of 6.3x10(-6). Four of the mutations were homozygous inviable, suggesting that they were large deletions encompassing fem-3 as well as neighboring, essential genes. Southern blot analyses revealed that one of the 25 contained a polymorphism in fem-3, further evidence that space radiation can induce deletions. While no polymorphisms were detected among the iron ion-induced mutations, three of the 15 mutants were homozygous inviable, which is in keeping with previous observations that high LET iron particles generate deficiencies. These data provide evidence, albeit indirect, that an important mutagenic component of ambient space radiation is high LET charged particles such as iron ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Hartman
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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40
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Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of Thai children experience a dog bite by the time they are 15 years old, and HIV-1 infection in children is also not uncommon. Previous study has shown that rabies vaccination of HIV-1-infected children may not result in a satisfactory antibody response when CD4+ T cells are less than 15%. The objective of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the immunologic response and effect on viral load after rabies vaccination in HIV-infected children. METHODS Thirteen HIV-1-infected children were vaccinated with the intramuscular rabies pre-exposure regimen using human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) on days 0, 7 and 28. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts were performed on days 0, 7 and 28. Plasma viral loads were determined on days 0, 7, 14, 60, 90, 180 and 360. RESULTS There were no significant change in serial measurements of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes during a period of 1 month and in plasma viral load during 1 year. There was no associated clinical deterioration or any adverse reactions attributable to vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Rabies vaccination in HIV-1-infected children appears to be safe but did not significantly change the levels of plasma HIV RNA, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Thisyakorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
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41
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Mitmoonpitak C, Tepsumethanon V, Raksaket S, Nayuthaya AB, Wilde H. Dog-bite injuries at the Animal Bite Clinic of the Thai Red Cross Society in Bangkok. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:1458-62. [PMID: 11253884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Canine rabies remains a public health problem in Thailand and other developing countries. This study of animal bites at the Animal Bite Clinic at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute revealed that: (1) The majority of patients were bitten by dogs and the time of the attack was mostly during the day. (2) School-aged children are at the highest risk for animal bites. (3) The most common site of injury are the legs and foot (64.2%), with the second most common site being the hands and fingers (21.2%). (4) Only 48 per cent of patients received rabies vaccine 1-2 days after being exposed. There was considerable delay before the rest received treatment. Solving Thailand' s rabies problem depends on control of canine rabies and educational campaigns. Public education must be an integral part of efforts to decrease the incidence of animal bites and assurance that they are managed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mitmoonpitak
- The Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society (WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Rabies Pathogenesis and Prevention) Bangkok
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Wilde H, Pruksapong C, Phaosavasdi S, Tannirandorn Y, Taneepanichskul S, Chulsiriwong T. About the death penalty in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:1555-7. [PMID: 11253900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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43
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Abstract
Two approaches to N-functionalized D-arabino-hex-2-ulosonic acid derivatives were established by nucleophilic substitution of methyl (3,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-arabino-hex-2-ulopyranosyl)onate bromide (1). Reaction of 1 with amino compounds in the presence of mercury(II) cyanide led to the 2,3-cis configured beta-D-arabino N-glycosides. On the other hand, the reaction of bromide 1 with azide, followed by catalytic hydrogenation led to 2,3-trans alpha-D-arabino glycosyl amine methyl 3,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-alpha-D-arabino-hex-2-ulopyranosonate, which was easily rearranged to the thermodynamically more stable beta-D-arabino N-acetyl derivative methyl 4,5-di-O-acetyl-2-acetylamino-3-hydroxy-beta-D-arabino-hex-2-ulopyranosonate. The assignment of configuration of the tertiary anomeric centre and conformation of all products was based on 1H NMR H,H coupling constants and NOE difference experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andersch
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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44
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Abstract
The importance of rabies immune globulin (RIG) in postexposure rabies treatment is well known and it has been emphasized that the local injection into the animal bite sites is crucial. This preliminary study used a radioisotope tracer that allows following the fate of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) injected intramuscularly. There was significant retention and local diffusion of the immune globulin at the injection site and significant radiotracer could still be detected at the site 24 h later.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saesow
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology, Chuialongkorn University Hospital and the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 1871 Rama IV Road, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
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45
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Hongladarom S, Phaosavasdi S, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Wilde H, Pruksapong C. Humanistic learning in medical curriculum. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:969-74. [PMID: 10998855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper argues for more attention and exposure to humanistic learning in the Thai medical curriculum. Humanistic learning traditionally consists of literature, history and philosophy, and is advantageous for medical education in that it tends to foster sensitivities to feelings, awareness of social traditions, and creating of skills in deliberating complex, ethical issues. These dispositions are necessary for a doctor in the world where there is an ever increasing public demand for communication, accountability and transparency on the part of doctors. It is proposed that the Thai medical curriculum should include more humanistic learning, and that medical students should be given opportunities to interact more with students from other disciplines throughout their studies and later professional life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hongladarom
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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46
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This experiment was carried out to determine whether there is any difference in circulating rabies antibody when rabies immune globulin is administered into fat or muscle tissue. METHODS Blood samples were taken at 24 and 48 hours after administering 40 IU/kg body weight of purified equine rabies immune globulin (ERIG) into deltoid muscle, or fatty gluteal tissue of grossly obese subjects. RESULTS Both groups revealed barely detectable antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS No conclusion was possible concerning the absorption kinetics of immune globulin from fat or muscle. However, it was evident that circulating antibody levels, using the recommended 40 IU/kg dose of ERIG, were extremely low and probably less than the required protective level at the possible bite site. This study supports current recommendations for local infiltration of virus inoculation sites with human or equine rabies immune globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chomchay
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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47
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Phaosavasdi S, Wilde H, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Pruksapong C. Teaching ethics for medical students. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:817-20. [PMID: 10932519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Phaosavasdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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48
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Phaosavasdi S, Wilde H, Taneepanichskul S, Tannirandorn Y, Pruksapong C. To tell or not to tell? J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:698-700. [PMID: 10932501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Phaosavasdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wilde H. Credentialing of travel cities. J Travel Med 2000; 7:103-4. [PMID: 10819603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Wilde H, Phaosavasdi S, Tannirandorn Y, Taneepanichskul S, Pruksapong C. The Helsinki Declaration regarding ethics in clinical research. J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:330-2. [PMID: 10808689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wilde
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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