1
|
Wang S, Mustafa M, Yuede CM, Salazar SV, Kong P, Long H, Ward M, Siddiqui O, Paul R, Gilfillan S, Ibrahim A, Rhinn H, Tassi I, Rosenthal A, Schwabe T, Colonna M. Anti-human TREM2 induces microglia proliferation and reduces pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151887. [PMID: 32579671 PMCID: PMC7478730 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 is a receptor for lipids expressed in microglia. The R47H variant of human TREM2 impairs ligand binding and increases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In mouse models of amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, defective TREM2 function affects microglial response to Aβ plaques, exacerbating tissue damage, whereas TREM2 overexpression attenuates pathology. Thus, AD may benefit from TREM2 activation. Here, we examined the impact of an anti-human TREM2 agonistic mAb, AL002c, in a mouse AD model expressing either the common variant (CV) or the R47H variant of TREM2. Single-cell RNA-seq of microglia after acute systemic administration of AL002c showed induction of proliferation in both CV- and R47H-transgenic mice. Prolonged administration of AL002c reduced filamentous plaques and neurite dystrophy, impacted behavior, and tempered microglial inflammatory response. We further showed that a variant of AL002c is safe and well tolerated in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial and engages TREM2 based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. We conclude that AL002 is a promising candidate for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoutang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Hua Long
- Alector LLC, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pham MH, Rhinn H, Auzeil N, Regazzetti A, Harami DE, Scherman D, Chabot GG. Identification and induction of cytochrome P450s involved in the metabolism of flavone-8-acetic acid in mice. Drug Metab Lett 2011; 5:73-84. [PMID: 21457135 PMCID: PMC3743746 DOI: 10.2174/187231211795305221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) has been hypothesized to be partly responsible for its potent anticancer activity in mice. The purpose of this study was to identify the mouse enzymes involved in FAA Phase I metabolism and evaluate their possible induction in vivo by FAA. Mouse microsomes metabolized FAA into 6 metabolites: 3',4'-dihydrodiol-FAA, 5,6-epoxy-FAA, 4'-OH-FAA, 3'-OH-FAA, 3',4'-epoxy-FAA and 6-OH-FAA. Using Cyp-specific inhibitors (furafylline, Cyp1a2; α-naphthoflavone, Cyp1b1; tranylcypromine, Cyp2b9; quercetin, Cyp2c29; quinidine, 2d9; diethyldithiocarbamate, Cyp2e1; ketoconazole, Cyp3a11), the formation of 5,6-epoxy-FAA was mainly attributed to Cyps 1a2, 1b1, 2b9, 2c29 and 2e1, whereas the 3',4'-epoxy-FAA was formed by Cyps 2b9 and 3a11. The 4'-OH-FAA was generated by Cyps 1a2, 1b1, 2b9 and 2e1, and the 6-OH-FAA was formed by Cyps 1b1 and 2c9. Using the epoxide scavenger N-acetyl cysteine, 4'-OH-FAA, 3'-OH-FAA and 6-OH-FAA were shown to derive partly from non enzymatic isomerisation of their corresponding epoxides. The specific epoxide hydrolase inhibitor elaidamide allowed the confirmation that 3',4'-dihydrodiol-FAA was formed via the epoxide hydrolase. FAA treatment in vivo in mice led to a significant increase in the hepatic expression of Cyp1a2 (1.9-fold), 2e1 (2.1-fold), 2b10 (3.2-fold), 2d9 (2.3-fold) and 3a11 (2.2-fold), as evaluated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, several Cyps were shown to be involved in FAA metabolism, particularly Cyps 3a11 and 2b9 which were responsible for the formation of the principal metabolites (5,6-epoxy-FAA, 3',4'-epoxy-FAA), and that FAA could induce the expression of several Cyps after in vivo administration. The possible implication of these enzymes in the in vivo anticancer activity of FAA in mice is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hien Pham
- Unité de pharmacologie chimique et génétique et d'imagerie
INSERM : U1022CNRS : UMR8151Université Paris V - Paris DescartesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de ParisParis,FR
| | - Hervé Rhinn
- Unité de pharmacologie chimique et génétique et d'imagerie
INSERM : U1022CNRS : UMR8151Université Paris V - Paris DescartesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de ParisParis,FR
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire
Université Paris V - Paris Descartes : EA4463Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, F-75006,FR
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire
Université Paris V - Paris Descartes : EA4463Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, F-75006,FR
| | - Djamel Eddine Harami
- Unité de pharmacologie chimique et génétique et d'imagerie
INSERM : U1022CNRS : UMR8151Université Paris V - Paris DescartesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de ParisParis,FR
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de pharmacologie chimique et génétique et d'imagerie
INSERM : U1022CNRS : UMR8151Université Paris V - Paris DescartesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de ParisParis,FR
| | - Guy G. Chabot
- Unité de pharmacologie chimique et génétique et d'imagerie
INSERM : U1022CNRS : UMR8151Université Paris V - Paris DescartesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de ParisParis,FR
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richard M, Arfı A, Rhinn H, Gandolphe C, Scherman D. Identification of new markers for neurodegeneration process in the mouse model of Sly disease as revealed by expression profiling of selected genes. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:3285-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
4
|
Rhinn H, Marchand-Leroux C, Croci N, Plotkine M, Scherman D, Escriou V. Housekeeping while brain's storming Validation of normalizing factors for gene expression studies in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. BMC Mol Biol 2008; 9:62. [PMID: 18611280 PMCID: PMC2500043 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-9-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury models are widely studied, especially through gene expression, either to further understand implied biological mechanisms or to assess the efficiency of potential therapies. A large number of biological pathways are affected in brain trauma models, whose elucidation might greatly benefit from transcriptomic studies. However the suitability of reference genes needed for quantitative RT-PCR experiments is missing for these models. RESULTS We have compared five potential reference genes as well as total cDNA level monitored using Oligreen reagent in order to determine the best normalizing factors for quantitative RT-PCR expression studies in the early phase (0-48 h post-trauma (PT)) of a murine model of diffuse brain injury. The levels of 18S rRNA, and of transcripts of beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-microtubulin and S100beta were determined in the injured brain region of traumatized mice sacrificed at 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post-trauma. The stability of the reference genes candidates and of total cDNA was evaluated by three different methods, leading to the following rankings as normalization factors, from the most suitable to the less: by using geNorm VBA applet, we obtained the following sequence: cDNA(Oligreen); GAPDH > 18S rRNA > S100beta > beta-microtubulin > beta-actin; by using NormFinder Excel Spreadsheet, we obtained the following sequence: GAPDH > cDNA(Oligreen) > S100beta > 18S rRNA > beta-actin > beta-microtubulin; by using a Confidence-Interval calculation, we obtained the following sequence: cDNA(Oligreen) > 18S rRNA; GAPDH > S100beta > beta-microtubulin > beta-actin. CONCLUSION This work suggests that Oligreen cDNA measurements, 18S rRNA and GAPDH or a combination of them may be used to efficiently normalize qRT-PCR gene expression in mouse brain trauma injury, and that beta-actin and beta-microtubulin should be avoided. The potential of total cDNA as measured by Oligreen as a first-intention normalizing factor with a broad field of applications is highlighted. Pros and cons of the three methods of normalization factors selection are discussed. A generic time- and cost-effective procedure for normalization factor validation is proposed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rhinn H, Scherman D, Escriou V. One-step quantification of single-stranded DNA in the presence of RNA using Oligreen in a real-time polymerase chain reaction thermocycler. Anal Biochem 2007; 372:116-8. [PMID: 17963709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Haddad M, Rhinn H, Bloquel C, Coqueran B, Szabó C, Plotkine M, Scherman D, Margaill I. Anti-inflammatory effects of PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:23-30. [PMID: 16865091 PMCID: PMC1629400 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is deleterious during cerebral ischemia. We assessed the influence of PARP activation induced by cerebral ischemia on the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators including the cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the adhesion molecules, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ischemia was induced by intravascular occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery for 1 h in male Swiss mice anaesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. The PARP inhibitor PJ34 (1.25-25 mg kg(-1)) was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before and 4 hours after, the onset of ischemia. Animals were killed 6 h or 24 h after ischemia and cerebral tissue removed for analysis. KEY RESULTS Ischemia increased TNF-alpha protein in cerebral tissue at 6 and 24 h after ischemia. All doses of PJ34 blocked the increase in TNF-alpha at 6 h and 25 mg kg(-1) PJ34 had a sustained effect for up to 24 h. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction showed that PJ34 (25 mg kg(-1)) reduced the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA by 70% at 6 h. PJ34 also prevented the increase in mRNAs encoding IL-6 (-41%), E-selectin (-81%) and ICAM-1 (-54%). PJ34 (25 mg kg(-1)) reduced the infarct volume (-26%) and improved neurological deficit, 24 h after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PJ34 inhibited the increase in the mRNAs of four inflammatory mediators, caused by cerebral ischemia. The contribution of this effect of PJ34 to neuroprotection remains to be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Haddad
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, UPRES EA2510 ‘Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale', Paris, France
| | - H Rhinn
- U640 INSERM/ UMR 8151 CNRS ‘Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique', Paris, France
| | - C Bloquel
- U640 INSERM/ UMR 8151 CNRS ‘Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique', Paris, France
| | - B Coqueran
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, UPRES EA2510 ‘Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale', Paris, France
| | - C Szabó
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Plotkine
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, UPRES EA2510 ‘Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale', Paris, France
| | - D Scherman
- U640 INSERM/ UMR 8151 CNRS ‘Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique', Paris, France
| | - I Margaill
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, UPRES EA2510 ‘Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale', Paris, France
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khoury M, Bigey P, Louis-Plence P, Noel D, Rhinn H, Scherman D, Jorgensen C, Apparailly F. A comparative study on intra-articular versus systemic gene electrotransfer in experimental arthritis. J Gene Med 2006; 8:1027-36. [PMID: 16733831 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electric pulse mediated gene transfer has been applied successfully in vivo for increasing naked DNA administration in various tissues. To achieve non-viral gene transfer into arthritic joint tissue, we investigated the use of electrotransfer (ET). Because anti-inflammatory cytokine strategies have proven efficient in experimental models of arthritis, we compared the therapeutic efficiency of local versus systemic delivery of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) using in vivo ET. METHODS A plasmid vector expressing IL-10 was transferred into DBA/1 mouse knee joints by ET with 12 pulses of variable duration and voltage. The kinetics of transgene expression were analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera and knees. Optimal conditions were then used to deliver increasing amounts of IL-10 plasmid intra-articularly (i.a.) in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. The therapeutic efficiency was compared with the potency of intra-muscular (i.m.) ET. RESULTS Following i.a. ET, local IL-10 secretion peaked on day 7 and dropped 2 weeks after. A second ET produced the same kinetics without enhancing gene transfer efficiency, while transgene was still detected in injected muscles 4 weeks after ET. Only the i.m. ET of 25 microg of IL-10 significantly inhibited all the clinical and biological features of arthritis. The i.a. ET only showed mild improvement of arthritis when 100 microg of IL-10 plasmid were electrotransfered weekly from day 18 following arthritis induction. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that gene transfer into arthritic joints by ET is an effective means to deliver anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, short duration of transgene expression impedes a significant effect for the treatment of arthritis, making i.m. ET more potent than i.a. ET for clinical benefit in CIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Khoury
- Inserm, U 475, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|