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Hassan MM, Botrus G, Abdel-Wahab R, Wolff RA, Li D, Tweardy D, Phan AT, Hawk E, Javle M, Lee JS, Torres HA, Rashid A, Lenzi R, Hassabo HM, Abaza Y, Shalaby AS, Lacin S, Morris J, Patt YZ, Amos CI, Khaderi SA, Goss JA, Jalal PK, Kaseb AO. Estrogen Replacement Reduces Risk and Increases Survival Times of Women With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1791-1799. [PMID: 28579181 PMCID: PMC5901750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Environmental factors have been identified that affect risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the effects of sex hormones on liver cancer development or outcome. The authors investigated whether menopause hormone therapy (MHT) affects risk, age at onset, or outcome of HCC. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 234 female patients treated for HCC at a tertiary medical center and with 282 healthy women (controls) from January 1, 2004 through May 31, 2015. We collected detailed information on environmental exposures, ages of menarche and menopause, hysterectomies, and uses of birth control and MHT. We performed multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses to determine the independent effects of factors associated with women on risk and clinical outcome in HCC. The primary outcomes were effect of MHT on HCC risk, the relationship between MHT with hepatitis virus infection on HCC development, and effect of MHT on age at HCC onset or survival after diagnosis of HCC. RESULTS The estimated adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for HCC in women who ever used estrogen was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.88). This association was supported by the older age of HCC onset among estrogen users (mean, 64.5 ± 0.9 years) vs nonusers (mean 59.2 ± 1.1 years; P = .001) and the reduced risk of HCC among long-term users (more than 5 years) (AOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63). Users of estrogen also had a reduced risk for hepatitis-associated HCC: AOR for users, 4.37 (95% CI, 1.67-11.44) vs AOR for nonusers, 17.60 (95% CI, 3.88-79.83). Estrogen use reduced risk of death from HCC (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.77; P = .01). Median overall survival times were 33.5 months for estrogen users (95% CI, 25.7-41.3 months) and 24.1 months for nonusers (95% CI, 19.02-29.30 months; P = .008). CONCLUSION In a case-control study of women with HCC vs female control subjects at a single center, we associated use of estrogen MHT with reduced risk of HCC and increased overall survival times of patients with HCC. Further studies are needed to determine the benefits of estrogen therapy for women and patients with HCC, and effects of tumor expression of estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Gehan Botrus
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Reham Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Tweardy
- Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ernest Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Science, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of System Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harrys A Torres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renato Lenzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hesham M Hassabo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasmin Abaza
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ahmed S Shalaby
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sahin Lacin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yehuda Z Patt
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Saira A Khaderi
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - John A Goss
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Prasun K Jalal
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Abdel-Wahab R, Shehata S, Hassan MM, Xiao L, Lee JS, Cheung S, Essa HH, Hassabo HM, Shalaby AS, Mosad E, Raghav K, Rashid A, Wolff RA, Morris JS, Amin HM, Kaseb AO. Validation of an IGF-CTP scoring system for assessing hepatic reserve in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21193-207. [PMID: 26098859 PMCID: PMC4673259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTP) is the standard tool for hepatic reserve assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, we reported that integrating plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level into the CTP score was associated with better patient risk stratification in two U.S. independent cohorts. Our current study aimed to validate the IGF-CTP score in patients who have different demographics and risk factors. Patients and Methods We prospectively recruited 100 Egyptian patients and calculated their IGF-CTP score compared to CTP score. C-index was used to compare the prognostic significance of the two scoring systems. Finally, we compared our results with our U.S. cohorts published data. Results IGF-CTP score showed significant better patient stratification compared to CTP score in the international validation cohort. Among CTP class A patients, who usually considered for active treatment and clinical trial enrollment, 32.5% were reclassified as IGF-CTP class B with significantly shorter OS than patients reclassified as class A with hazard ratio [HR] = 6.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.18-17.37. Conclusion IGF-CTP score showed significantly better patient stratification and survival prediction not only in the U.S. population but also in international validation population, who had different demographics and HCC risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samir Shehata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sheree Cheung
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hoda H Essa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Hassabo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed S Shalaby
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eman Mosad
- Department of Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kaseb AO, Morris JS, Iwasaki M, Al-Shamsi HO, Raghav KPS, Girard L, Cheung S, Nguyen V, Elsayes KM, Xiao L, Abdel-Wahab R, Shalaby AS, Hassan M, Hassabo HM, Wolff RA, Yao JC. Phase II trial of bevacizumab and erlotinib as a second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:773-80. [PMID: 26929648 PMCID: PMC4760665 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01180959. Background Early clinical studies of bevacizumab and erlotinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a tolerable toxicity and a promising clinical outcome. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of this combination as a second-line therapy for HCC refractory to sorafenib. Methods For this single-arm, Phase II study, we recruited patients with Child–Pugh class A or B liver disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–2, and advanced HCC that was not amenable to surgical or regional therapies and treatment with sorafenib had failed (disease progressed or patient could not tolerate sorafenib). Patients received 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab every 14 days and 150 mg oral erlotinib daily for 28-day cycles until progression. Tumor response was evaluated every two cycles using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The primary end point was the 16-week progression-free survival rate. Secondary end points included time to progression and overall survival. Results A total of 44 patients were enrolled and had a median follow-up time of 33.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.5 months – not defined). The 16-week progression-free survival rate was 43% (95% CI: 28%–59%), median time to progression was 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.0–8.3 months), and median overall survival duration was 9.9 months (95% CI: 8.3–15.5 months). Grade 3–4 adverse events included fatigue (13%), acne (11%), diarrhea (9%), anemia (7%), and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (7%). Conclusion Bevacizumab plus erlotinib was tolerable and showed a signal of survival benefit in the second-line setting for patients with advanced HCC. Because standard-of-care options are lacking in this setting, further studies to identify predictors of response to this regimen are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michiko Iwasaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humaid O Al-Shamsi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Girard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheree Cheung
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reham Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Shalaby
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Hassabo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James C Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Faria SC, Szklaruk J, Kaseb AO, Hassabo HM, Elsayes KM. TNM/Okuda/Barcelona/UNOS/CLIP International Multidisciplinary Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: concepts, perspectives, and radiologic implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 39:1070-87. [PMID: 24695938 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide. Moreover, the liver cancer field is evolving rapidly, with early diagnosis, new therapies, and a better understanding of HCC's biology and development. Accurate staging is important for determining prognosis and selecting the most appropriate treatment for each patient. Surgical intervention remains the most effective treatment for HCC and is the only potentially curative modality. However, in HCC patients, overall survival is also independently affected by underlying liver disease and cirrhosis, which in turn affect the applicability and efficacy of treatment. Although several staging classification and prognostic scoring systems have been proposed for determining the stage and prognosis of HCC, no consensus exists on the best classification method. The most common staging classification systems include tumor-node-metastasis stage, Okuda staging, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging classification, the French, the Chinese University Prognostic Index, Japanese Integrated Scoring, and the Tokyo score. Radiologists should be aware of the different staging classification systems for HCC and familiar with the system relevant to their respective referring clinicians, as it will provide pertinent radiological evaluation for multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana C Faria
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Unit 1473, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Abdel-Wahab R, Eid SSM, Hassan M, Xiao L, Lee JS, Cheung SH, Hassabo HM, Shalaby AS, Essa HH, Mossad E, Raghav KPS, Rashid A, Wolff RA, Morris J, Amin HM, Kaseb AO. International validation of an IGF-CTP scoring system for assessing hepatic reserve in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manal Hassan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sheree H. Cheung
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ahmed S Shalaby
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Asif Rashid
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed Omar Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Kaseb AO, Al-Shamsi HO, Morris J, Iwasaki M, Xiao L, Abdel-Wahab R, Raghav KPS, Hassan M, Hassabo HM, Wolff RA. A phase II trial of bevacizumab and erlotinib as second line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Omar Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jeffrey Morris
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michiko Iwasaki
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Manal Hassan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Robert A. Wolff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Kaseb AO, Xiao L, Hassan MM, Chae YK, Lee JS, Vauthey JN, Krishnan S, Cheung S, Hassabo HM, Aloia T, Conrad C, Curley SA, Vierling JM, Jalal P, Raghav K, Wallace M, Rashid A, Abbruzzese JL, Wolff RA, Morris JS. Development and validation of insulin-like growth factor-1 score to assess hepatic reserve in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju088. [PMID: 24815863 PMCID: PMC4085880 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is the standard tool to assess hepatic reserve in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and CTP-A is the classic group for active therapy. However, CTP stratification accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a valid surrogate for hepatic reserve to replace the subjective parameters in CTP score to improve its prognostic accuracy. Methods We retrospectively tested plasma IGF-1 levels in the training set (n = 310) from MD Anderson Cancer Center. Recursive partitioning identified three optimal IGF-1 ranges that correlated with overall survival (OS): greater than 50ng/mL = 1 point; 26 to 50ng/mL = 2 points; and less than 26ng/mL = 3 points. We modified the CTP score by replacing ascites and encephalopathy grading with plasma IGF-1 value (IGF-CTP) and subjected both scores to log-rank analysis. Harrell’s C-index and U-statistics were used to compare the prognostic performance of both scores in both the training and validation cohorts (n = 155). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Patients’ stratification was statistically significantly stronger for IGF-CTP than CTP score for the training (P = .003) and the validation cohort (P = .005). Patients reclassified by IGF-CTP relative to their original CTP score were better stratified by their new risk groups. Most important, patients classified as A by CTP but B by IGF-CTP had statistically significantly worse OS than those who remained under class A by IGF-CTP in both cohorts (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively, from Cox regression models). AB patients had a worse OS than AA patients in both the training and validation set (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 2.04, P = .03; HR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.65 to 4.85, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions The IGF-CTP score is simple, blood-based, and cost-effective, stratified HCC better than CTP score, and validated well on two independent cohorts. International validation studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ).
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Sheree Cheung
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Hesham M Hassabo
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Thomas Aloia
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Steven A Curley
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - John M Vierling
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Prasun Jalal
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Michael Wallace
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Asif Rashid
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - James L Abbruzzese
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology (AOK, MMH, YKC, SC, HM H, KR, JLA, RW), Department of Biostatistics (LX, JSM), Department of Systems Biology (JSL), Department of Surgical Oncology (JNV, TA, CC, SAC), Department of Radiation Oncology (SK), Department of Interventional Radiology (MW), and Department of Pathology (AR), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (JMV, PJ)
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8
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Al Omari A, Abdelkaleq H, Al-Hussaini M, Turfa R, Awad N, Al Mutar SS, Hassabo HM, Sahin IH, Hassan M, Garrett CR. Retrospective evaluation of Middle Eastern patients (pts) with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC): Validation of metformin effect on overall survival (OS). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
478 Background: Epidemiologic data suggest that anti-DM medications may impact OS in CRC pts who have type 2 DM. Although type 2 DM and CRC are major health problems in the Middle East, little data exists on pts with both conditions from this region. Methods: Medical records from 1,835 CRC pts seen at King Hussein Cancer Center between 1/1/2004 and 12/31/2012 were evaluated for prevalence of type 2 DM; those with both conditions were evaluated for anti-diabetic therapy and treatment outcomes (OS and progression-free survival [PFS]). Results: 285 type 2 DM CRC patients were identified (prevalence 15.5%); 19 pts were censored as their anti-DM medications were not known. Median age of 266 pts analyzed was 62.1 years (± 8.9), M: F ratio 1.6:1, non-metformin (n = 109, 41%), metformin only (n = 43, 16%), metformin + insulin (n = 11, 4%), metformin + another oral agent (n = 104, 39%). Metformin use increased over time (19% in 2004 to 71% in 2012). Adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and stage, type 2 DM pts treated with metformin had a 40% improvement in OS (hazard ratio 0.624, 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.97). Conclusions: These data support previous findings that metformin use in CRC pts with type 2 DM is associated with a superior PFS and OS. Contrary to previously published data there was a statistically significant OS benefit in stage IV pts, while the trend toward OS benefit in stage I-III pts was not statistically significant (see Table). This study was supported by the King Hussein Cancer Center/MD Anderson Sister Institution Network Fund. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rim Turfa
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Awad
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Manal Hassan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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9
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Bugano Diniz Gomes D, Hassabo HM, Al Mutar SS, Sahin IH, Rogers J, Nguyen DV, Bolonesi RM, Pini TM, Dasari A, Kopetz S, Overman MJ, Eng C, Kee BK, Hassan M, Garrett CR. MD Anderson experience with off-study regorafenib in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
635 Background: Regorafenib was approved by the FDA on September 27, 2012 following the CORRECT trial demonstrating an overall survival (OS) benefit compared to placebo in pts with advanced treatment-refractory CRC (Grothey A. et al: Lancet. 2013;381:303-12). Little data exists regarding patient treatment outcomes outside of reported clinical trial data. Methods: Pts seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies since October 1, 2012 were evaluated for regorafenib therapy; electronic clinic records were reviewed for pt treatment data, toxicity, and survival outcomes. Results: 61 pts were identified; 4 pts were determined to have GI malignancy other than CRC [appendiceal cancer (n=3) and duodenal cancer (n=1)] and were omitted from this analysis. Median age was 58 years (range 30.5-83.3), M:F 37:20 (65%:35%), KRAS non-mutant/ KRAS mutant 26/31 (46%:54%), BRAF mutant n=3 (5%); Median time from diagnosis of metastatic disease to initiation of regorafenib therapy was 27.7 months (range 5.9-112.3); 8 pts (14%) had enrolled in clinical trials prior to starting regorafenib. The initial starting dose was 160 mg (n= 38, 66.7%), 120mg (n=18, 31.5%), and 80mg (n=1, 1.8%) respectively. Dose reductions or interruptions were required in 25 pts (43.8%); 14 patients (24.5%) discontinued therapy due to toxicity. The most common grade 3 adverse event was hand-foot reaction (n=12; 21%). One pt initiated on 120 mg was able to tolerate dose escalation to 160mg. Seven pts (12.2%) had stable disease radiographically for more than 2 months and 2 had a confirmed partial response (3.5%). Median OS was 9.1 months (95% C.I. 5.3-12.8) and median time on regorafenib therapy was 2.2 months (range 0.2-10.3). Following regorafenib discontinuation 12 pts (21%) were enrolled on phase I trials. Conclusions: In this pt population palliative regorafenib therapy was associated with modest efficacy and significant toxicity. Dose reductions or interruptions were common (43.8%) even despite a large number of pts being initiated on a dose lower than the recommended initial dose (33.3%). Further studies may be required to determine the optimal tolerable dose in pts with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane Rogers
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D. Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson University, Houston, TX
| | | | - Tunghi May Pini
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arvind Dasari
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Cathy Eng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan K. Kee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Manal Hassan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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10
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Hassabo HM, Sahin IH, Kazmi SMA, Al Mutar SS, Bugano Diniz Gomes D, Pini TM, Vilar Sanchez E, Dasari A, Kopetz S, Overman MJ, Eng C, Kee BK, Vauthey JN, Hassan M, Garrett CR. Associations between patient (pt) colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation (mut) status and overall survival (OS). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
473 Background: Evolving information is emerging regarding patient tumor molecular data and associations with patient clinical characteristics and survival outcomes; we sought to evaluate pt clinical data with CRC tumor mut status. Methods: Since January 2008 tumor pts with stage IV CRC (principally primary tumors) were analyzed for KRAS (codon 12, 13, and 61) mut status as standard-of-care. A subset of pts tumors underwent BRAF and KRAS codon 164 mut testing. Results: 1,891 pts with CRC whose tumors underwent molecular mut analysis were identified from the clinical record. There was no statistically significant difference in pt overall survival from time of diagnosis for stages I/II (data not shown) and III; for stage IV pts there was an inferior OS associated with BRAF mut tumors (see Table). Tumor BRAF mut was significantly detected among ever smokers (10.2%) as compared to never smokers (5.4%), p < 0.001; meanwhile, tumor KRAS mut and wild type distribution were similar between ever smokers and never smokers. KRAS mut was significantly observed in CRC patients with distant lymph node, hepatic and lung metastasis, p < 0.001. Type 2 diabetes, intake of metformin or ACE inhibitors, were not significantly correlated with tumor KRAS or BRAF mut status. Conclusions: Pts with stage IV CRC BRAF mut tumors have a higher likelihood of prior or current smoking history in addition to having an adverse survival prognosis; pts with stage IV KRAS mut tumors have an increased association with distant lymph node, hepatic, and lung metastases as compared to KRAS wild type and BRAF mut tumors. Studies are ongoing to determine how tumor molecular characteristics may help to predict clinical outcomes and provide a useful to guide pt care. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tunghi May Pini
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Arvind Dasari
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Cathy Eng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan K Kee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Manal Hassan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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11
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Kaseb AO, Shah NN, Hassabo HM, Morris JS, Xiao L, Abaza YM, Soliman K, Lee JS, Vauthey JN, Wallace M, Aloia TA, Curley S, Abbruzzese JL, Hassan MM. Reassessing hepatocellular carcinoma staging in a changing patient population. Oncology 2014; 86:63-71. [PMID: 24401634 DOI: 10.1159/000356573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging systems were developed using data predominantly from patients who had hepatitis and cirrhosis. Given the recent change in prevalence of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis at oncology centers, which has altered the natural history of HCC, we aimed at comparing the accuracy of HCC staging systems in patients with or without hepatitis and cirrhosis. METHODS A total of 438 patients were enrolled. Baseline clinicopathologic parameters, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, TNM (6th edition) stage, Okuda stage, and Chinese University Prognostic Index score were prospectively obtained for all patients, and retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine overall survival (OS), Cox regression analyses were performed, and Harrell's Correspondence Index compared the staging systems' ability to predict OS duration. Subgroup analyses of patients with or without hepatitis or cirrhosis were performed. RESULTS Median patient OS was 13.9 months; 165 patients (37.7%) had no cirrhosis and 256 patients (58.4%) had no hepatitis. Overall, all staging systems were significantly less predictive of OS in patients who did not have cirrhosis or hepatitis. CONCLUSION Our results advocate the need to further stratify HCC based on cirrhosis and hepatitis status, which may change patient risk-stratification and, ultimately, treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex., USA
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12
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Kaseb AO, Shama M, Sahin IH, Nooka A, Hassabo HM, Vauthey JN, Aloia T, Abbruzzese JL, Subbiah IM, Janku F, Curley S, Hassan MM. Prognostic indicators and treatment outcome in 94 cases of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2013; 85:197-203. [PMID: 24051705 DOI: 10.1159/000354698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare variant of HCC. We report an analysis of the clinicopathologic features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic indicators of 94 cases. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinicopathologic and treatment outcome data from 94 FLHCC patients (48 males and 46 females). Median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and survival rates were compared by the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate estimation of hazard risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors that correlated with survival and disease recurrence after resection. RESULTS Median age was 23 years (14-75); median OS was 57.2 months (95% CI, 36.4-77.9), and median RFS was 13.9 months (95% CI, 8.8-18.9). White race, female gender, early tumor stage, and tumor resection including metastasectomy were positively associated with longer OS, while female gender was the only significant positive predictor of longer RFS. Finally, the 5-fluorouracil-interferon combination was the most frequently used systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses indicate that surgical approaches including metastasectomy as the first-line treatment in FLHCC correlated with better outcome. Multimodality approaches, including neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, prolonged patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex., USA
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13
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Kaseb AO, Shindoh J, Patt YZ, Roses RE, Zimmitti G, Lozano RD, Hassan MM, Hassabo HM, Curley SA, Aloia TA, Abbruzzese JL, Vauthey JN. Modified cisplatin/interferon α-2b/doxorubicin/5-fluorouracil (PIAF) chemotherapy in patients with no hepatitis or cirrhosis is associated with improved response rate, resectability, and survival of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2013; 119:3334-42. [PMID: 23821538 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with response rate, resectability, and survival after cisplatin/interferon α-2b/doxorubicin/5-fluorouracil (PIAF) combination therapy in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The study included 2 groups of patients treated with conventional high-dose PIAF (n = 84) between 1994 and 2003 and those without hepatitis or cirrhosis treated with modified PIAF (n = 33) between 2003 and 2012. Tolerance of chemotherapy, best radiographic response, rate of conversion to curative surgery, and overall survival were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups, and multivariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of response and survival. RESULTS The modified PIAF group had a higher median number of PIAF cycles (4 versus 2, P = .049), higher objective response rate (36% versus 15%, P = .013), higher rate of conversion to curative surgery (33% versus 10%, P = .004), and longer median overall survival (21.3 versus 10.6 months, P = .002). Multivariate analyses confirmed that positive hepatitis B serology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-2.59) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (HR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.04-2.93) were associated with worse survival whereas curative surgical resection after PIAF treatment (HR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.07-0.35) was associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, the modified PIAF regimen in patients with no hepatitis or cirrhosis is associated with improved response, resectability, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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14
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Hassan MM, Kaseb A, Etzel CJ, El-Serag H, Spitz MR, Chang P, Hale KS, Liu M, Rashid A, Shama M, Abbruzzese JL, Loyer EM, Kaur H, Hassabo HM, Vauthey JN, Wray CJ, Hassan BS, Patt YZ, Hawk E, Soliman KM, Li D. Genetic variation in the PNPLA3 gene and hepatocellular carcinoma in USA: risk and prognosis prediction. Mol Carcinog 2013; 52 Suppl 1:E139-47. [PMID: 23776098 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging epidemic with high prevalence in Western countries. Genome-wide association studies had reported that a variation in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene is associated with high susceptibility to NAFLD. However, the relationship between this variation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well established. We investigated the impact of PNPLA3 genetic variation (rs738409: C>G) on HCC risk and prognosis in the United States by conducting a case-control study that included 257 newly diagnosed and pathologically confirmed Caucasian patients with HCC (cases) and 494 healthy controls. Multivariate logistics and Cox regression models were used to control for the confounding effects of HCC risk and prognostic factors. We observed higher risk of HCC for subjects with a homozygous GG genotype than for those with CC or CG genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 3.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-6.41). We observed risk modification among individuals with diabetes mellitus (OR = 19.11; 95% CI, 5.13-71.20). The PNPLA3 GG genotype was significantly associated with underlying cirrhosis in HCC patients (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.05-5.87). Moreover, GG allele represents an independent risk factor for death. The adjusted hazard ratio of the GG genotype was 2.11 (95% CI, 1.26-3.52) compared with CC and CG genotypes. PNPLA3 genetic variation (rs738409: C>G) may determine individual susceptibility to HCC development and poor prognosis. Further experimental investigations are necessary for thorough assessment of the hepatocarcinogenic role of PNPLA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Hassan
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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15
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Garrett CR, Hassabo HM, Bhadkamkar NA, Wen S, Baladandayuthapani V, Kee BK, Eng C, Hassan MM. Survival advantage observed with the use of metformin in patients with type II diabetes and colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1374-8. [PMID: 22421948 PMCID: PMC3326682 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of adenomatous colorectal (CRC) polyps and CRC cancer. The use of the anti-hyperglycemic agent metformin is associated with a reduced incidence of cancer-related deaths. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 4758 patients seen at a single institution and determined that 424 patients were identified by their physicians as having type II DM and CRC cancer. Data were subsequently acquired determining the subject's age, body mass index (BMI), and disease date of diagnosis, stage, site of cancer, treatment, and survival. RESULTS Patients with type II DM and CRC cancer treated with metformin as one of their diabetic medications had a survival of 76.9 months (95% CI=61.4-102.4) as compared with 56.9 months in those patients not treated with metformin (95% CI=44.8-68.8), P=0.048. By using a multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, and initial stage of disease, we demonstrated that type II diabetic patients treated with metformin had a 30% improvement in overall survival (OS) when compared with diabetic patients treated with other diabetic agents. CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer patients with DM treated with metformin as part of their diabetic therapy appear to have a superior OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Garrett
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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16
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Kaseb AO, Garrett-Mayer E, Morris JS, Xiao L, Lin E, Onicescu G, Hassan MM, Hassabo HM, Iwasaki M, Deaton FL, Abbruzzese JL, Thomas MB. Efficacy of bevacizumab plus erlotinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and predictors of outcome: final results of a phase II trial. Oncology 2012; 82:67-74. [PMID: 22327795 DOI: 10.1159/000335963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of bevacizumab and erlotinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and to investigate clinical and molecular predictors of outcome. METHODS 59 patients with advanced HCC received 10 mg/kg i.v. of bevacizumab every 14 days and 150 mg p.o. of erlotinib daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 16 weeks. Clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers expression levels were analyzed. RESULTS PFS at 16 weeks was 64% (95% CI 51-76): 14 patients achieved partial response (24%), 33 had stable disease (56%), 6 progressed (10%), and 6 were not evaluable (10%). Median overall survival was 13.7 months (95% CI 9.6-19.7), and median PFS was 7.2 months (95% CI 5.6-8.3). Grade 3-4 adverse events included fatigue (30%), diarrhea (17%), hypertension (14%), elevated transaminases (12%), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (10%). High plasma angiopoietin-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and endothelin-1, and lack of acneiform rash were associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS The combination of bevacizumab with erlotinib achieved encouraging results in patients with advanced HCC. Current correlatives may help to guide future HCC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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