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Chien HC, Morreall D, Patil V, Rasmussen KM, Li C, Yong CM, Burningham Z, Masaquel A, Halloran M, De Long-Sieg E, Schulz M, Sauer BC, Halwani AS. Real-world practice patterns and outcomes in Veterans with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:411-422. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe practices and outcomes in veterans with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients & methods: Using Veteran Affairs Cancer Registry System and electronic health record data, we identified relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients completing second-line treatment (2L) in 2000–2016. Treatments were classified as aggressive/nonaggressive. Analyses included descriptive statistics and the Kaplan–Meier estimation of progression-free survival and overall survival. Results: Two hundred and seventy patients received 2L. During median 9.7-month follow-up starting from 2L, 470 regimens were observed, averaging 2.7 regimens/patient: 219 aggressive, 251 nonaggressive. One hundred and twenty-one patients proceeded to third-line, 50 to fourth-line and 18 to fifth-line treatment. Median progression-free survival in 2L was 5.2 months. Median overall survival was 9.5 months. Forty-four patients (16.3%) proceeded to bone marrow transplant. Conclusion: More effective, less toxic treatments are needed and should be initiated earlier in treatment trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Chien
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Deborah Morreall
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vikas Patil
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kelli M Rasmussen
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chunyang Li
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christina M Yong
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zachary Burningham
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian C Sauer
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ahmad S Halwani
- George E Wahlen Veterans Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- VERITAS, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Chien HC, Kao Yang YH, Kwoh CK, Chalasani P, Wilson DL, Lo-Ciganic WH. Aromatase Inhibitors and Risk of Arthritis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among Taiwanese Women with Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Claims Data Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020566. [PMID: 32092973 PMCID: PMC7074454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy may prevent breast cancer recurrence, however, adverse effects may lead to treatment discontinuation. Evidence regarding the occurrence of AI-associated musculoskeletal problems among Asians is scarce. We identified women with breast cancer-initiating tamoxifen or AIs from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2007-2012). Using multivariable cause-specific hazard models, we examined the association between endocrine therapy and the risk of any arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome, adjusting for age, prior cancer treatment, and other health status factors. Among 32,055 eligible women with breast cancer (mean age = 52.6 ± 11.5 years), 87.4% initiated tamoxifen, 3.9% initiated anastrozole, 8.0% initiated letrozole, and 0.7% initiated exemestane. AI users had a higher 1-year cumulative incidence for any arthritis (13.0% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.0001) and carpal tunnel syndrome (1.4% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.008). Compared to tamoxifen users, AI users had a higher risk of any arthritis [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.09-1.34] and carpal tunnel syndrome (aHR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.22-2.32). No significant difference was observed in the risks of any arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome across different AIs. Taxane use was not associated with any arthritis (aHR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.81-1.05) or carpal tunnel syndrome (aHR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.67-1.40) compared to other chemotherapies. Taiwanese women with breast cancer-initiating AIs had an increased risk of arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome compared to those who initiated tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Chien
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.Y.); (W.-H.L.-C.)
| | - C. Kent Kwoh
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Pavani Chalasani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Debbie L. Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.Y.); (W.-H.L.-C.)
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Chien HC, Uedo N, Hsieh PH. Comparison of underwater and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for removing sessile colorectal polyps: a propensity-score matched cohort study. Endosc Int Open 2019; 7:E1528-E1536. [PMID: 31681832 PMCID: PMC6823098 DOI: 10.1055/a-1007-1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a standard method for removing sessile colorectal polyps ≥ 10 mm. Recently, underwater EMR (UEMR) has been introduced as a potential alternative. However, the effectiveness and safety of UEMR compared with conventional EMR is un clear. Patients and methods In this 1:1 propensity score (PS) matched retrospective cohort study, we compared the en bloc resection rates, procedure time, intraprocedural and delayed bleeding rates, and incidence of muscle layer injury. We also performed subgroup analyses by sizes of polyps (< 20 mm and ≥ 20 mm). Results Among 350 polyps in 315 patients from August 2012 to November 2017, we identified 121 PS-matched pairs. Mean polyp size was 16.8 mm. With similar en bloc resection rates (EMR: 82.6 % vs. UEMR: 87.6 %, rate difference: 5.0, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: - 4 to 13.9 %), UEMR demonstrated a shorter resection time (10.8 min vs. 8.6 min, difference: - 2.2 min, 95 % CI: - 4.1 to - 0.3 min) and a lower intraprocedural bleeding rate (15.7 % vs. 5.8 %, rate difference: - 9.9 %, 95 % CI: - 17.6 to - 2.2 %). Incidence of delayed bleeding and muscle layer injury were low in both groups. For polyps < 20 mm, effectiveness and safety outcomes were similar in both groups. For polyps ≥ 20 mm (42 PS-matched pairs), the UEMR group has a comparable en bloc resection rate with shorter procedure time and superior safety outcomes Conclusions UEMR achieved an en bloc resection rate comparable to conventional EMR with less intraprocedural bleeding and a shorter procedure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Chien
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ping-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fujen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chao JY, Chien HC, Kuo TH, Chang YT, Li CY, Wang MC, Kao Yang YH. Assessing the effect of oral activated vitamin D on overall survival in hemodialysis patients: a landmark analysis. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:309. [PMID: 30400889 PMCID: PMC6219061 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end stage renal disease have a high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency are considered part of the mechanism for the excess mortality observed. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D use and all-cause mortality. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we included all incident patients who started hemodialysis in Taiwan between 2001 and 2009. Patients were followed from landmark time, i.e., the 360th day from hemodialysis initiation, through the end of 2010 or death. We evaluated the association between activated vitamin D use or not before landmark time and all-cause mortality using conditional landmark analysis with Cox regression. We used group-based trajectory model to categorize high-dose versus average-dose users to evaluate dose-response relationships. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 1019 days from landmark time, vitamin D users had a lower crude mortality rate than non-users (8.98 versus 12.93 per 100 person-years). Compared with non-users, vitamin D users was associated with a lower risk of death in multivariate Cox model (HR 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]) and after propensity score matching (HR 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.98]). High-dose vitamin D users had a lower risk of death than conventional-dose users, HR 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.89]. The association of vitamin D treatment with reduced mortality did not alter when we re-defined landmark time as the 180th day or repeated analyses in patients who underwent hemodialysis in the hospital setting. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported the survival benefits of activated vitamin D among incident hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Yen Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chih Chien
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hui Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Chien
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland2Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan3Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan3Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jane P. F. Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Abstract
Importance Trastuzumab is an essential medicine per the World Health Organization Model List, but its cardiac safety information in Asian women is limited. Objective To estimate the rate and the risk of heart failure (HF) and/or cardiomyopathy (CM) in Asian women undergoing trastuzumab treatment. Design This cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), a nationwide claim database covering more than 99% of the entire Taiwanese population, to identify 23 006 women with incident breast cancer (BC) who received chemotherapy from 2006 to 2009. We grouped women per their initial treatment regimens and found 1066 new trastuzumab users. We matched trastuzumab users with nonusers by year of BC diagnosis and propensity score (PS) with the caliper widths at 0.25 standard deviation of PS (up to 4 nonusers per trastuzumab user). The study lasted from January 2006 to December 2013 with a median follow-up of 5.29 years and a landmark design to avoid immortal time bias. Exposure Trastuzumab. Main Outcomes and Measures To estimate HF and/or CM rates and time to HF and/or CM, we employed a cause-specific hazard model. Trastuzumab exposure was a time-dependent variable, while cumulative courses of chemotherapy agents with known cardiotoxic effects (including anthracyclines, taxanes, and cyclophosphamide) were defined as time-dependent covariates in the analysis model. We also performed 6 sensitivity analyses. Results In this cohort of 23 006 women (mean age, 50.99 years), the crude incidence of HF and/or CM was 4.03% in trastuzumab users and 2.88% in nonusers. The median time to HF and/or CM was 456 days in trastuzumab users and 966 days in nonusers. The 1-year cumulative hazard ratio was 1.86 (95% CI, 1.08-3.19). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Relevance Compared with the published results, the trastuzumab-related HF and/or CM rate was 5-fold lower in Taiwanese women with breast cancer. Nonetheless, our cohort had a similar trastuzumab-related HF and/or CM risk. Our study provides critical cardiac safety information of trastuzumab for Asian women with BC under current treatment guidelines and label information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Chien
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland2Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan3Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan3Health Outcome Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jane P F Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Cheng CL, Chien HC, Lee CH, Lin SJ, Yang YHK. Validity of in-hospital mortality data among patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke in National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yeh CH, Chow CW, Wang CH, Shih FY, Chien HC, Chi S. A self-protected colorless WDM-PON with 2.5 Gb/s upstream signal based on RSOA. Opt Express 2008; 16:12296-12301. [PMID: 18679507 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.012296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we propose and demonstrate a colorless wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) at 2.5 Gb/s using reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)-based optical networking units (ONUs); together with a self-protected architecture against fiber fault. In the optical line terminal (OLT), we use an array of self-seeding Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP-LDs) to provide single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) continuous wave (CW) optical sources for the external injection to the RSOA-based ONUs. The self-survivable function for protecting the fiber fault in the distributed fibers and the proposed network performance are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yeh
- Information and Communications Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan.
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Lin HH, Cheng SL, Chen LJ, Chen WC, Liou Y, Chien HC. Randomization of heavily damaged regions in annealed low energy Ge+-implanted (0 0 1)Si. Ultramicroscopy 2004; 98:265-9. [PMID: 15046807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2003.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2003] [Revised: 07/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apparent growth of amorphous layers during low temperature annealing was observed in low energy Ge(+)-implanted (001)Si by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The occurrence of abnormal growth is due to the randomization of heavily damaged regions beneath the original amorphous/crystalline interfaces. The randomization process is attributed to the strain, incurred by the presence of a high density of large Ge atoms in the heavily damaged Si substrate, relaxation to lower the free energy of the systems. The randomization upon annealing may be fruitfully applied to minimize the transient enhanced diffusion in shallow junction formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
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Kuo CJ, Chien HC, Chang NY, Yeh CH. Diffractive optical element designed by use of an irregular etching-depth sequence. Appl Opt 2001; 40:5894-5897. [PMID: 18364882 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.005894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In fabricating a diffractive optical element the ratio of the etching depth between the (n - 1)th and the nth mask is usually 1/2. We found that the diffraction efficiency of a diffractive optical element can be improved by as much as 7.8% if the above ratio (1/2) is not kept constant. For achieving this improvement the difference between the desired and the actual diffraction pattern is also used as an objective function for phase quantization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang SH, Tseng CK, Chien HC. An ultra-precision XYTheta(Z) piezo-micropositioner. II. Experiment and performance. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 1999; 46:906-912. [PMID: 18238495 DOI: 10.1109/58.775657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For pt I see ibid., vol. 46, no. 4 (July 1999). The performance of an ultra-precision three dimensional micropositioner using the built-in multilayer piezoelectric actuators and sensors is presented. The compact design utilizes the monolithic mechanism to achieve translation in the X- and Y-axes and rotation in the theta(Z) axis with high stiffness and high damping. Hysteresis, nonlinearity, and drift of piezoelectric effects are improved by incorporating the sensors in a feedback control. Experiments demonstrate that the micropositioner is capable of a 10 nm resolution over the travel range of 17.8 mum in the X- and Y-axes and a 0.15 murad resolution over the range of 585 murad in the theta(Z) axis. The crossaxis interferences are within 1.14% of the full range. The results agree well with predictions by theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chang
- Dept. of Mech. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei
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Chang SH, Tseng CK, Chien HC. An ultra-precision XYtheta(Z) piezo-micropositioner. I. Design and analysis. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 1999; 46:897-905. [PMID: 18238494 DOI: 10.1109/58.775656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel three degree-of-freedom micropositioner was developed for deep ultraviolet lithography applications. The design of the micropositioner utilizes the monolithic flexural mechanism with built-in multilayer piezoelectric actuators and sensors to achieve translations in the X- and Y-axes and rotation in the theta(Z)-axis. The compact design aims at high resolution, high stiffness, and extremely low crosstalk interference. Parametric analyses of harmonic and forced vibrations are conducted to solve the derived dynamic models for the near optimum geometry of the micropositioner. Furthermore, the error budget analysis is conducted to minimize the effects of the geometric tolerance, material variation, and hysteresis errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chang
- Dept. of Mech. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei
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Schreiber GB, Murphy EL, Horton JA, Wright DJ, Garfein R, Chien HC, Nass CC. Risk factors for human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) in blood donors: the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997; 14:263-71. [PMID: 9117460 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199703010-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, blood donors have been routinely screened for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) since 1988. HTLV-I and -II seropositive blood donors have been identified through confirmatory testing at five participating blood centers and frequency-matched seronegative controls provided information on potential HTLV sociodemographic, parenteral, and sexual risk factors during structured interviews. After adjustment, low educational attainment; accidental needlesticks or cuts; prior blood transfusion; > or = 7 sex partners; and a sex partner from an HTLV-I endemic area were significantly associated with both HTLV-I and -II. Gender did not modify the odds ratios (OR) in the final logistic regression models, despite apparent male-female differences in gender-specific bivariable analysis. Injection drug use (IDU) or having sex with an IDUs were significant risks for HTLV-II, but not for HTLV-I. The OR for donors who had IDU sex partners was 20.6 times higher than those who did not. For IDUs, the OR was increased 10.5 times over nonusers. Abortion was a significant HTLV-II risk factor for women. Our findings indicate that IDU and sex with IDUs are important risk factors for HTLV-II transmission, even among low-risk populations such as blood donors.
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Chien HC, Huang CC, Huang JY, Chu SH, Lai MK. Post-renal transplant erythrocytosis. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1996; 19:235-40. [PMID: 8921641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytosis is a relatively common phenomenon following renal transplantation. It is not only associated with some special clinical conditions, but also increases the risk of thromboembolism. We therefore studied the clinical manifestations and possible risk factors of erythrocytosis in our renal-transplant patients. Study of 175 patients showed that erythrocytosis, defined as Hct > or = 50%, was found in 17 patients (9.7%), 14 males and 3 females. Among these 17 patients, 13 received cadaveric grafts and the other 4 living-related grafts. True erythrocytosis, defined as erythrocytosis with elevated red blood cell (RBC) mass, was found in 7 patients. Relative erythrocytosis, defined as erythrocytosis with normal RBC mass, was found in the other 10 patients. Six patients developed acquired renal cysts of the native or graft kidneys during the post transplant period. The incidence of acquired renal cysts in the erythrocytosis group was significantly higher than that in the non-erythrocytosis group. The clinical and demographic characteristics were similar in terms of age, gender, serum albumin, and serum creatinine in the erythrocytosis and non-erythrocytosis groups. The incidences of abnormal liver function, and hypertension were similar between the 2 groups. Seventeen of the 161 patients (10.6%) receiving cyclosporine regimen developed erythrocytosis, but none of the 14 patients receiving non-cyclosporine regimen developed erythrocytosis (p > 0.05). Only one patient with true erythrocytosis had an elevated serum erythropoietin (EPO) level and no thromboembolic complications occurred in the erythrocytosis group. We conclude that: (1) the incidence of erythrocytosis in our transplant patients was 9.7%; (2) a higher incidence of acquired renal cysts was found in the erythrocytosis group; (3) most of the patients with erythrocytosis had a normal serum EPO level; (4) no thromboembolic complications occurred in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chien HC, Richardson T. Gross structure of the fat globule membrane of cow's milk. II. Distribution of amino acids, hexosamines, ribonucleic acid, copper and iron. J Dairy Sci 1967; 50:1868-72. [PMID: 6069998 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(67)87739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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