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Ren HN, Bai SJ, Wang Z, Han LL, Yan SW, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. A metalloproteinase Tsdpy31 from Trichinella spiralis participates in larval molting and development. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:883-894. [PMID: 34656542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease with global distribution, causing serious harm to public health and food safety. Molting is prerequisite for intestinal larval development in the life cycle of T. spiralis. Metalloproteinases play an important role in the molting process of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL). In this study, the metalloproteinase Tsdpy31 was cloned, expressed and characterized. The results revealed that the Tsdpy31 was expressed at various T. spiralis stages and it was principally located in cuticle, hypodermis and embryos of the nematode. Recombinant Tsdpy31 (rTsdpy31) had the catalytic activity of natural metalloproteinase. Silencing of Tsdpy31 increased the permeability of larval new cuticle. When the mice were orally challenged with dsRNA treated- muscle larvae, the burden of intestinal adult and muscle larvae in Tsdpy31 dsRNA treatment group was significantly reduced, compared with the control green fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Tsdpy31 may play a major role in the new cuticle synthesis and old cuticle shedding. Tsdpy31 also participates in T. spiralis embryonic development. We conclude that Tsdpy31 could be a candidate vaccine target molecule against intestinal T. spiralis ecdysis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Sheng Jie Bai
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Lu Lu Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Yan SW, Hu YY, Song YY, Ren HN, Shen JM, Liu RD, Long SR, Jiang P, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Characterization of a Trichinella spiralis cathepsin X and its promotion for the larval invasion of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Parasitol 2021; 297:109160. [PMID: 32522393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain the characteristics of a Trichinella spiralis cathepsin X (TsCX) and its role on larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The full-length of TsCX cDNA sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The results of RT-PCR, IFA and Western blot revealed that TsCX was expressed at T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML), intestinal infective larvae, adult worm and newborn larvae, and it was located in whole worm section. The results of Far western and confocal microscopy demonstrated that there was a specific binding of rTsCX and IEC, and the binding site was located within the IEC cytoplasm. rTsCX promoted T. spiralis larval invasion of mouse IECs while anti-rTsCX antibody inhibited larval invasion into the IECs. Silencing TsCX by specific siRNA reduced the TsCX expression and larval invasive capacity. These results indicated that TsCX specifically binds to IECs and promotes larval invasion of intestinal epithelia, and it might be a potential target of vaccines against enteral stages of T. spiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jia Ming Shen
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Ren HN, Zhuo TX, Bai SJ, Bai Y, Sun XY, Dan Liu R, Long SR, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Proteomic analysis of hydrolytic proteases in excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae using zymography combined with shotgun LC-MS/MS approach. Acta Trop 2021; 216:105825. [PMID: 33421420 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The critical step of Trichinella spiralis infection is that the muscle larvae (ML) are activated to intestinal infective larvae (IIL) which invade the intestinal columnar epithelium to further develop. The IIL excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play an important role in host-parasite interaction. Proteolytic enzymes are able to mediate the tissue invasion, thereby increasing the susceptibility of parasites to their hosts. The aim of the current study was to screen and identify the natural active proteases in T. spiralis IIL ES proteins using Western blot and gel zymography combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The T. spiralis ML and IIL ES proteins were collected from the in vitro cultures and their enzymatic acitvities were examined by gelatin zymography and azocasein degradation. The protease activities were partially inhibited by PMSF, E-64 and EDTA. Three protein bands (45, 118 and 165 kDa) of T. spiralis IIL ES proteins were identified by shotgun LC-MS/MS because they have hydrolytic activity to gelatin compared to the ML ES proteins. Total of 30 T. spiralis proteins were identified and they are mainly serine proteinases (19), but also metalloproteinases (7) and cysteine proteinases (3). The qPCR results indicated that transcription levels of four T. spiralis protease genes (two serine proteases, a cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase and a zinc metalloproteinase) at IIL stage were obviously higher than at the ML stage. These proteolytic enzymes are directly exposed to the host intestinal milieu and they may mediate the worm invasion of enteral epithelium and escaping from the host's immune responses. The results provide the new insights into understanding of the interaction of T. spiralis with host and the invasion mechanism.
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Guo KX, Bai Y, Ren HN, Sun XY, Song YY, Liu RD, Long SR, Zhang X, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of a Trichinella spiralis aminopeptidase and its participation in invasion, development and fecundity. Vet Res 2020; 51:78. [PMID: 32539772 PMCID: PMC7296678 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A Trichinella spiralis aminopeptidase (TsAP) has been identified in intestinal infectious larvae (IIL) and adult worms (AW), but its biological function in the T. spiralis life cycle is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize TsAP and ascertain its functions in the invasion, development and fecundity of T. spiralis. Recombinant TsAP (rTsAP) was expressed and purified. rTsAP has strong immunogenicity. qPCR and western blotting show that TsAP was transcribed and expressed at all T. spiralis lifecycle stages, but the expression level of TsAP mRNA and proteins at IIL and AW stages was obviously higher than those in muscle larvae (ML) and newborn larvae (NBL). The IFT results reveal that TsAP was principally located at the cuticle and the intrauterine embryos of this nematode. rTsAP had the enzymatic activity of natural aminopeptidase to hydrolyze the substrate Leu-pNA with an optimal temperature of 50 °C and optimal pH of 8.0. rTsAP promoted the larval penetration into intestinal epithelial cells, whereas anti-rTsAP antibodies suppressed the larval intrusion; the promotion and suppression was dose-dependently related to rTsAP or anti-rTsAP antibodies. TsAP protein expression level and enzymatic activity were reduced by 50.90 and 49.72% through silencing of the TsAP gene by specific siRNA 842. Intestinal AW and muscle larval burdens, worm length and female reproductive capacity were significantly declined in mice infected with siRNA-transfected ML compared to the control siRNA and PBS group. These results indicate that TsAP participates in the invasion, development and fecundity of T. spiralis and it might be a candidate target for anti-Trichinella vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xiang Yuan Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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Ren HN, Liu RD, Song YY, Zhuo TX, Guo KX, Zhang Y, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae. Vet Res 2019; 50:70. [PMID: 31547875 PMCID: PMC6757440 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molting is a key step for body-size expansion and environmental adaptation of parasitic nematodes, and it is extremely important for Trichinella spiralis growth and development, but the molting mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, label-free LC-MS/MS was used to determine the proteome differences between T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) at the encapsulated stage and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) at the molting stage. The results showed that a total of 2885 T. spiralis proteins were identified, 323 of which were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in cuticle structural elements, regulation of cuticle synthesis, remodeling and degradation, and hormonal regulation of molting. These differential proteins were also involved in diverse intracellular pathways, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. qPCR results showed that five T. spiralis genes (cuticle collagen 14, putative DOMON domain-containing protein, glutamine synthetase, cathepsin F and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) had significantly higher transcriptional levels in 10 h IIL than ML (P < 0.05), which were similar to their protein expression levels, suggesting that they might be T. spiralis molting-related genes. Identification and characterization of T. spiralis molting-related proteins will be helpful for developing vaccines and new drugs against the early enteral stage of T. spiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Tong Xu Zhuo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Sun GG, Lei JJ, Ren HN, Zhang Y, Guo KX, Long SR, Liu RD, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Intranasal immunization with recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease elicits protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:1-10. [PMID: 31004570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the intestinal mucosal/systemic responses triggered by intranasal vaccination using recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease (rTsSP) and its capacity to elicit immune protection against larva challenge in a murine model. rTsSP coupled with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was used to vaccinate mice via intranasal route. The results revealed that intranasal vaccination with rTsSP plus CTB elicited significantly intestinal local sIgA response and a TsSP-specific systemic antibody response in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, more goblet cells/acidic mucins and IgA-secreting cells were observed in jejunum from vaccinated mice. Anti-rTsSP immune serum strongly recognized the cuticle of various worm stages (muscle larva, intestinal infective larva and adult worm). The level of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 of rTsSP-vaccinated mice was significantly elevated relative to CTB and PBS control groups. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 71.10% adult reduction at 9 days pi and a 62.10% muscle larva reduction at 42 days pi following larva challenge. Additionally, vaccination with rTsSP also dampened intestinal T. spiralis development and decreased the female fecundity. Our results showed that intranasal vaccination using rTsSP adjuvanted with CTB triggered significantly local sIgA response and systemic concurrent Th1/Th2 response that induced an obvious protection against Trichinella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Jun Jun Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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Ren HN, Guo KX, Zhang Y, Sun GG, Liu RD, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang L, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Molecular characterization of a 31 kDa protein from Trichinella spiralis and its induced immune protection in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:625. [PMID: 30518426 PMCID: PMC6282284 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis is an important foodborne zoonotic parasite and it is necessary to develop a vaccine in order to interrupt transmission from animals to humans. A 31 kDa protein from T. spiralis (Ts31) is an antigen targeted by protective antibodies, and Ts31 contains a domain of trypsin-like serine protease that might have the function of serine protease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of Ts31 and its induced immune protection. Methods Expression and localization of Ts31 in various T. spiralis phases were investigated using qPCR and immunofluorescent test (IFT). The specific binding between Ts31 and intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) was analyzed by Far-Western blotting, ELISA and IFT, and the cellular localization of binding sites was examined on confocal microscopy. The mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with recombinant Ts31 protein (rTs31), serum specific IgG was determined by ELISA, and immune protection induced by immunization with rTs31 was evaluated. Inhibition of anti-rTs31 IgG on IL1 invasion of IECs and ADCC-mediated killing of newborn larvae (NBL) was also determined. Results Ts31 was expressed at different life-cycle stages and located principally at the stichosome and cuticle of this parasite. rTs31 was capable to specially bond to IECs, and binding site was located in the cytoplasm of IECs. Immunization of mice with rTs31 elicited a significant humoral response and protection, as demonstrated by a 56.93% reduction of adult worms at 6 days post-infection (dpi) and a 53.50% reduction of muscle larvae at 42 dpi after larval challenge. Anti-rTs31 antibodies impeded T. spiralis penetration of enterocytes in a dose-dependent pattern, and participated in the destruction of NBL by an ADCC-mediated manner. Conclusions Ts31 facilitated the T. spiralis penetration of intestinal epithelium, which could make it a vaccine candidate target molecule against Trichinella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnostic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Qi X, Han Y, Jiang P, Yue X, Ren HN, Sun GG, Long SR, Yu C, Cheng XC, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Oral vaccination with Trichinella spiralis DNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella induces a protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Vet Res 2018; 49:119. [PMID: 30518422 PMCID: PMC6280372 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is one of the most serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, and it is necessary to develop a vaccine to interrupt transmission from animals to humans. Trichinella spiralis adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II) were identified by immunoproteomics in surface or excretory/secretory proteins of adult worms (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL). The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic, mucosal responses and immune protection elicited by oral vaccination with TsDNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain⊿cyaSL1344. Oral vaccination with TsDNase II DNA vaccine triggered an obvious mucosal sIgA response and a systemic IgG response in mice, and IgG1 was predominant. Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, 10) cytokines were distinctly increased in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of vaccinated mice. An indirect immunofluorescent test revealed that native TsDNase II is present at the cuticle of this nematode after the 2nd molting, further confirming that TsDNase II is adult-specific and expressed at AW and pre-adult stages. Oral immunization of mice with TsDNase II exhibited a 53.85% reduction in AW and a 59.26% reduction in ML after larval challenge. The in vitro NBL production of adult females from TsDNase II-vaccinated mice was also reduced in comparison with pcDNA3.1 or the PBS control group (P < 0.01). Our results show that oral immunization of mice with TsDNase II produced an intestinal and systematic concurrent Th1/Th2 immune response, and a significant immune protection against challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiang Chao Cheng
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Ren HN, Huang WX. [Research advances in liver diseases associated with parenteral nutrition]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2018; 25:557-560. [PMID: 29056001 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
For patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction or failure, although parenteral nutrition can maintain nutrition and save their lives, lack of food stimulus during the fasting period can cause abnormal secretion of gastrointestinal fluid, bile, and pancreatic juice, which may result in the abnormal secretion of a series of enzymes and lead to the development of various liver diseases. Recent research has focused on the prevention and treatment of such diseases, and this article reviews the research advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Song YY, Zhang Y, Ren HN, Sun GG, Qi X, Yang F, Jiang P, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Characterization of a serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in larval invasion of host's intestinal epithelial cells. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:499. [PMID: 30189888 PMCID: PMC6127903 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitor (TsSPI) was identified in ES proteins of adult worms (AW), the TsSPI gene was highly expressed at enteral stage worms (AW and newborn larvae), distributed mainly in the cuticle and stichosome of this nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsSPI exhibited a 62.2% reduction of intestinal AW and a 57.25% reduction of muscle larvae after larval challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of TsSPI and its roles in the process of T. spiralis invasion of host’s intestinal epithelium cells (IECs). Methods The rTsSPI inhibition on trypsin enzymatic activity was detected by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometry. The binding of rTsSPI with intestinal epithelium from normal mice and the primary cultured mouse intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) was examined by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF), the cellular localization of rTsSPI binding to IECs was observed by confocal microscopy. The inhibition of anti-rTsSPI serum on T. spiralis invasion of IECs was determined by an in vitro invasion assay. Anti-rTsSPI antibody cytotoxicity on the newborn larvae (NBL) was also determined. Results The rTsSPI had the inhibitory activity against porcine trypsin. The rTsSPI specifically bound to the intestinal epithelium from normal mice and primary cultured mouse IECs, and the binding sites were located in IEC membrane and cytoplasm. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies depressed the larval invasion of IECs with a dose-dependent mode. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies also participated in the destruction of T. spiralis NBL via an ADCC-mediated manner. Conclusions TsSPI might participate in the T. spiralis larval invasion of IECs and it is likely the potential vaccine target against T. spiralis enteral stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Sun GG, Ren HN, Liu RD, Song YY, Qi X, Hu CX, Yang F, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Molecular characterization of a putative serine protease from Trichinella spiralis and its elicited immune protection. Vet Res 2018; 49:59. [PMID: 30001738 PMCID: PMC6043985 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, a Trichinella spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP) was identified from ES products of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL) and adult worms (AW) by immunoproteomics: it was highly expressed in IIL compared with muscle larvae (ML). In this study, the TsSP biological characteristics in larval invasion and growth were identified and its potential as a vaccine target against Trichinella infection were investigated. Expression of TsSP at various developmental phases (newborn larvae, ML, IIL, and AW) was detected by qPCR, immunofluorescent test and Western blotting. The rTsSP could specifically bind to the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) membrane and enter into the cytoplasm. Anti-rTsSP serum suppressed the larval invasion of enterocytes in a dose-dependent mode, and killed newborn and ML of T. spiralis, decreased larval infectivity and development in the host by an ADCC-mediated mechanism. Immunization of mice with rTsSP produced a Th2 predominant immune response, and resulted in a 52.70% reduction of adult worms at 5 days post-infection (dpi) and a 52.10% reduction of muscle larvae at 42 dpi. The results revealed there was an interaction between TsSP and the host’s IEC; TsSP might be a pivotal protein for the invading, growing and parasiting of this nematode in the host. Vaccination of mice with rTsSP elicited immune protection, and TsSP is a potential target molecule for vaccines against enteral Trichinella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Xi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Ooi BNS, Mukhopadhyay A, Masilamani J, Do DV, Lim CP, Cao XM, Lim IJ, Mao L, Ren HN, Nakamura H, Phan TT. Hepatoma-derived growth factor and its role in keloid pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1328-37. [PMID: 19432814 PMCID: PMC3828849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel mitogenic growth factor that has been implicated in many different carcinomas. Its role in keloid biology has not yet been investigated. The present study is aimed at examining the role of HDGF in keloid pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were used to examine in vivo localization and expression of HDGF in keloid and normal skin tissue. This was followed by the detection of HDGF expression in fibroblasts cultured in vitro and fibroblasts exposed to serum. To investigate the effect of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, a two-chamber system was employed in which keratinocytes on membrane inserts were co-cultured with the fibroblasts. HDGF expression levels in all cell extracts and conditioned media were assayed through Western blot analysis. In another set of experiments, the effect of exogenous recombinant HDGF on keloid fibroblasts (KF) and normal fibroblasts (NF) was examined. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by quantifying proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Downstream targets of HDGF were identified by detecting their expression through Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that there was an increase in HDGF expression in the dermis of keloid compared with normal skin tissue. The application of serum and epithelial–mesenchymal interactions did not seem to have any effect on intracellular HDGF expression levels. However, co-culturing keloid keratinocytes with KFs resulted in increased HDGF secretion when compared with monoculture or normal controls. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous recombinant HDGF was found to increase the proliferation of KFs, activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and up-regulate the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- B N S Ooi
- Graduate Programme in Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Xiao SH, Ren HN, Dai ZQ, Yang YQ, Zhang CW. [Light and electron microscopic observations on effects of tribendimidin on cuticle of Necator americanus and small intestinal mucosa of infected golden hamsters]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1989; 10:90-2. [PMID: 2816407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Golden hamsters infected with Necator americanus were treated orally with a new anthilmintic tribendimidin (N, N'-[bis-4'-(1-dimethyl amino ethylidene amino)phenyl] 1,4-phenyene dimethylidyne amine) at a single dose of 150 mg/kg. One h after medication, some worms showed cuticular swelling, fusion of transverse striations and attachment of host leucocytes onto the worm's damaged cuticular surface. Four h post treatment, the cuticle revealed a moderate swelling or even erosion. Meanwhile, the ventral cutting plates appeared to be swollen. After 8-24 h, severe cuticular swelling, erosion and peeling in female worm tails and male copulatory bursa were seen. No increases in lesions in the small intestinal mucosa of infected golden hamsters were observed 4-8 h after medication.
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Yang YQ, Yang HZ, Ren HN, Cheng BZ. [Histological and histochemical effects of tribendimidine on Necator americanus]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1988; 9:264-7. [PMID: 3213546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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