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Sadiq S, Anwar MZ, Shafique H, Manzoor SM, Shoaib S, Hamid R, Hashmi SN, Ashraf NM, Afsar T, Bhat MA, Razak S. Determination of IL-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Hepatitis C and Its Impact on RNA Secondary Structure. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:368. [PMID: 38541094 PMCID: PMC10971966 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene would influence the level of IL-6 expression in patients with HCV, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. Few studies have shown the association between -174G>C (rs1800795) and -1363G>T (rs2069827) polymorphisms and HCV infection, and their results have been contradictory. There are no data published in our population to study such an IL-6 stimulus against HCV infection and its impact on RNA secondary structure. Therefore, we isolated human subjects from the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The objective was to screen for IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms -174G/C and -1363G/T and those correlated with serum concentrations of IL-6 in patients with HCV and compared with a control. Materials and Methods: In conventional PCR, measurement of serum IL-6 by CLIA and statistical analysis were performed to observe the genotype association studies. By integrating bioinformatics and computational tools, our study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how variations in the promoter region of IL-6 may have functional implications on gene expression. Results: The -174G>C and -1363G>T genotypes in the promoter region of patients with HCV were in strong allelic association (Δ = 0.97, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the bioinformatics analysis was well aligned with our experimental data. Conclusions: Based on the data, it can be inferred that IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms are important in the dysregulation of IL-6 levels in patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sadiq
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan Anwar
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Syed Mohsin Manzoor
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Shaiza Shoaib
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Rabia Hamid
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Shoaib Naiyer Hashmi
- Combined Military Hospital, Khariyan Medical College, Gujrat 49600, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gohar L, Riaz B, Nadeem MS, Abbas S, Afsar T, Razak S, Muccee F, Husain FM, Shafique H. Body mass index and altered lipid profile as major risk markers for breast cancer progression: a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women in Pakistan. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38311739 PMCID: PMC10840221 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, the death rate for post-menopausal women with breast cancer is significant due to late detection and delayed referral to proper facilities. There are a few reports on Pakistan's epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of breast carcinoma; of which body mass index (BMI), central obesity, and lipid profile are considered as major risk markers. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 384 women constituted the present study sample. Purposive sampling was used to collect 192 confirmed new breast cancer cases throughout the study. By using basic random sampling, an equal number of controls were chosen. Studied parameters included age, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The inclusion criteria of this study were post-menopausal women (45-65 years) in Pakistan. The confirmation of breast carcinoma was done through histopathology. Breast cancer occurrence was taken as a dependent variable, whereas BMI, central obesity, and lipid profile were taken as independent variables. RESULTS Studied risk factors (cholesterol, BMI, and central obesity) significantly correlated with breast cancer. Cholesterol has a significantly high positive correlation (0.646) with breast cancer. BMI has a positive significant correlation (0.491) with breast cancer, and central obesity has a low but positive significant correlation (0.266) with breast cancer. Moreover, the binary logistic regression model also showed a significant association between biochemical factors and breast cancer occurrence. Regression analysis depicted a linear relationship between a dependent variable (breast cancer occurrence) and independent variables (central obesity, cholesterol, BMI). CONCLUSION Postmenopausal overweight (central obesity), increased BMI and high cholesterol levels are major risk factors for breast cancer. Moreover, high total cholesterol proved to be the most significant risk marker for the occurrence of breast cancer in post-menopausal women of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Gohar
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Riaz
- Department of Physiology, Pakistan International Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Nadeem
- Department of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Seyyedha Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Muccee
- School of biochemistry and Biotechnology (SBB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Upon Tyne, UK
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Muccee F, Ashraf NM, Razak S, Afsar T, Hussain N, Husain FM, Shafique H. Exploring the association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene SNPs with polycystic ovary syndrome in human females: a comprehensive association study. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:27. [PMID: 38281964 PMCID: PMC10823698 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects a significant proportion of human females worldwide and is characterized by hormonal, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions, including infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism. Mutations in the estrogen receptor genes ESR1 and ESR2, involved in normal follicular development and ovulation, can contribute to development of the PCOS. The present study focuses on investigating the potential correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ESR1 and ESR2 genes and the incidence of this syndrome. METHODS For this study, SNPs in ESR1 and ESR2 genes were retrieved from the ENSEMBL database and analyzed for their effect on mutated proteins using different bioinformatics tools including SIFT, PolyPhen, CADD, REVEL, MetaLR, I-Mutant, CELLO2GO, ProtParam, SOPMA, SWISS-MODEL and HDDOCK. RESULTS All the SNPs documented in the present study were deleterious. All the SNPs except rs1583384537, rs1450198518, and rs78255744 decreased protein stability. Two variants rs1463893698 and rs766843910 in the ESR2 gene altered the localization of mutated proteins i.e. in addition to the nucleus, proteins were also found in mitochondria and extracellular, respectively. SNPs rs104893956 in ESR1 and rs140630557, rs140630557, rs1596423459, rs766843910, rs1596405923, rs762454979 and rs1384121511 in ESR2 gene significantly changed the secondary structure of proteins (2D). SNPs that markedly changed 3D configuration included rs1554259481, rs188957694 and rs755667747 in ESR1 gene and rs1463893698, rs140630557, rs1596423459, rs766843910, rs1596405923, rs762454979 and rs1384121511 in ESR2 gene. Variants rs1467954450 (ESR1) and rs140630557 (ESR2) were identified to reduce the binding tendency of ESRα and β receptors with estradiol as reflected by the docking scores i.e. -164.97 and -173.23, respectively. CONCLUSION Due to the significant impact on the encoded proteins, these variants might be proposed as biomarkers to predict the likelihood of developing PCOS in the future and for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore, 52254, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore, 52254, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, P. O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Khan A, Waheed A, Afsar T, Abusharha A, Shafique H, Razak S. Unraveling Catechol-O-Methyltransferase rs4680 SNP's Role in Patients' Response to Tramadol and Its Adverse Effects: A Pharmacogenetics Insight into Postoperative Pain Management. J Clin Med 2023; 13:249. [PMID: 38202256 PMCID: PMC10779905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective postoperative pain management is essential for patient well-being and an efficient healthcare system. Variations in the Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene, specifically rs4680, play a crucial role in pain perception and opioid response. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of rs4680 polymorphism on tramadol efficacy and adverse reactions in post-surgical patients. We performed an uncontrolled cohort pharmacogenetics study in which participants underwent postoperative tramadol administration. The frequencies of rs4680 alleles were determined and the association between rs4680 genotypes and the efficacy of tramadol analgesic as pain relief, measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), was analyzed. Secondary outcomes included tramadol-induced sedation levels, opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, and other adverse effects of tramadol. Data analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics 23, focused on pain and side effect differences across genotypes, with statistical significance set to p ≤ 0.05. The COMT (rs4680) genotype distribution exhibited a 'G' allele frequency of 41.5% and an 'A' allele frequency of 58.5%, with the AA genotype present in 44% of individuals, adhering to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.788). Patients with the AA genotype reported lower pain scores post-tramadol administration across all times examined (p < 0.001), but also experienced statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher incidences of tramadol-induced nausea, vomiting, and sedation. However, GG genotype individuals experienced poor pain relief from tramadol, requiring more supplemental analgesia. These significant findings underscore the critical role of COMT rs4680 polymorphism in response to tramadol and the necessity of a personalized approach to postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Akbar Waheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Sardar A, David M, Jahan S, Afsar T, Ahmad A, Ullah A, Almajwal A, Shafique H, Razak S. Determination of biochemical and histopathological changes on testicular and epididymis tissues induced by exposure to insecticide Imidacloprid during postnatal development in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:68. [PMID: 38012698 PMCID: PMC10680247 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide belonging to the chloronicotinyl nitroguanidine chemical family. Toxicity of IMD for mammals in scientific studies has shown high mutagenic, immunotoxic, teratogenic and neurotoxic effects. The present study was designed to assess the toxic effects of imidacloprid (IMD) on the testicular and epididymis tissues as well as testosterone levels of neonatal male rats. METHODS Neonatal male rats from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 26 were consecutively administered with different concentrations of IMD (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) subcutaneously. The effect of IMD on body and organ weight, lipid profile, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress and altered testosterone levels were assessed in the testis and plasma. RESULTS The results of body weight gain showed a significant difference in group 4 (10 mg/kg) animals as compared to the control. A significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides, while a decrease in high-density lipoprotein concentrations was evident. Similarly, a significant decrease in concentrations of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) among all the IMD-treated groups was evident, when compared to the control. Increased production of ROS was also noticed in the highest-dose treatment group. Further, we observed that IMD-treated rats indicated histopathological changes in the testis and epididymis along with a significant decrease in the plasma testosterone concentrations among IMI-treated groups in contrast to the control. Histological examination of the testis of IMD-treated neonatal male rats also showed decreased spermatogenesis in the treated groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in lumen diameter and a decrease in epithelial height of seminiferous tubules were also observed in IMD-treated rats in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION It is concluded that sub-chronic exposure to IMD in neonatal male rats may induce histopathological changes in reproductive tissues and damage normal testicular functions via inducing oxidative stress, decrease in body weight, disturbing normal blood lipid profile and testosterone concentration. IMD exposure can induce pathophysiological effects calls for further evaluation of this widely used insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sardar
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish David
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Ahmad
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Saher F, Ijaz MU, Hamza A, Ain QU, Hayat MF, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shafique H, Razak S. Mitigative potential of rhoifolin against cisplatin prompted testicular toxicity: biochemical, spermatogenic and histological based analysis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:814-823. [PMID: 37915485 PMCID: PMC10615821 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhoifolin (ROF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with diverse pharmacological and therapeutic benefits. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the curative potential of Rhoifolin (ROF) against Cisplatin (CP) induced testicular damage. Mature male albino rats (n = 48) were randomly distributed into 4 equal groups: control, CP (10 mg/kg), CP + ROF (10 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg) and ROF (20 mg/kg) supplemented group. Following 56 days of the trial, biochemical, inflammatory markers, spermatogenic, steroidogenic, hormonal, apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The exposure to CP markedly (p < 0.05) lowered the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase (GSR), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in testicular tissues of male albino rats. Besides the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were considerably augmented in CP exposed rats. The administration of CP also increased the level of inflammatory cytokines i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, 1L-1β and NF-κβ as well as COX-2 activity. Additionally, a notable (p < 0.05) upsurge was observed in dead sperms count, abnormality in the tail, midpiece as well as head of sperms along with a notable decline in sperm motility in CP treated rats. Moreover, the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes were also lowered in CP administered group. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma testosterone as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) were decreased in CP treated group. Moreover, the expression of Bax as well as Caspase-3 (apoptotic markers) were increased. On the other hand, Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic marker) was reduced. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis showed that CP considerably (p < 0.05) damaged the testicular tissues. However, the administration of ROF significantly reduced the damaging effects of CP in testicular tissues. The results of our study suggested that ROF can potentially alleviate CP-induced testicular damages due to its androgenic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory as well as anti-apoptotic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Saher
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Hayat
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 11433, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 11433, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 11433, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ijaz MU, Shahzadi S, Hamza A, Azmat R, Anwar H, Afsar T, Shafique H, Bhat MA, Naglah AM, Al-Omar MA, Razak S. Alleviative effects of pinostrobin against cadmium-induced renal toxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175008. [PMID: 37342552 PMCID: PMC10278233 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can be found everywhere in the environment and can have harmful effects on both human and animal health. Pinostrobin (PSB) is a bioactive natural flavonoid isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda with several pharmacological properties, such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiviral. This investigation was intended to assess the therapeutic potential of PSB against Cd-induced kidney damage in rats. Methods In total, 48 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a control, a Cd (5 mg/kg), a Cd + PSB group (5 mg/kg Cd and 10 mg/kg PSB), and a PSB group (10 mg/kg) that received supplementation for 30 days. Results Exposure to Cd led to a decrease in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), whereas levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Cd exposure also caused a substantial increase in urea, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and creatinine levels. Moreover, a noticeable decline was noticed in creatinine clearance. Moreover, Cd exposure considerably increased the levels of inflammatory indices, including interleukin-1b (IL-1b), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Cd treatment decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2) while increasing the expression of apoptotic markers (Bax and Caspase-3). Furthermore, Cd treatment substantially reduced the TCA cycle enzyme activity, such as alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Moreover, mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes, succinatedehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome c-oxidase, and coenzyme Q-cytochrome reductase activities were also decreased following Cd exposure. PSB administration substantially reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential while inducing significant histological damage. However, PSB treatment significantly reduced Cd-mediated renal damage in rats. Conclusion Thus, the present investigation discovered that PSB has ameliorative potential against Cd-induced renal dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Shahzadi
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Azmat
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ashraf H, Dilshad E, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shafique H, Razak S. Molecular Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Garlic for Therapeutic Effects against COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020643. [PMID: 36831179 PMCID: PMC9953069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of pneumonia occurred on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which caused a serious public health emergency by spreading around the globe. Globally, natural products are being focused on more than synthetic ones. So, keeping that in view, the current study was conducted to discover potential antiviral compounds from Allium sativum. Twenty-five phytocompounds of this plant were selected from the literature and databases including 3-(Allylsulphinyl)-L-alanine, Allicin, Diallyl sulfide, Diallyl disulfide, Diallyl trisulfide, Glutathione, L-Cysteine, S-allyl-mercapto-glutathione, Quercetin, Myricetin, Thiocysteine, Gamma-glutamyl-Lcysteine, Gamma-glutamylallyl-cysteine, Fructan, Lauricacid, Linoleicacid, Allixin, Ajoene, Diazinon Kaempferol, Levamisole, Caffeicacid, Ethyl linoleate, Scutellarein, and S-allylcysteine methyl-ester. Virtual screening of these selected ligands was carried out against drug target 3CL protease by CB-dock. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties defined the final destiny of compounds as drug or non-drug molecules. The best five compounds screened were Allicin, Diallyl Sulfide, Diallyl Disulfide, Diallyl Trisulfide, Ajoene, and Levamisole, which showed themselves as hit compounds. Further refining by screening filters represented Levamisole as a lead compound. All the interaction visualization analysis studies were performed using the PyMol molecular visualization tool and LigPlot+. Conclusively, Levamisole was screened as a likely antiviral compound which might be a drug candidate to treat SARS-CoV-2 in the future. Nevertheless, further research needs to be carried out to study their potential medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ashraf
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (S.R.)
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Razak S, Asharf NM, Abbas H, Shaheen G, Ahmad W, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shabbir M, Shafique H, Jahan S. Mutation pattern of cancer suppressor p53 gene in factory workers exposed to polypropylene and impact on their reproductive hormones. J Gene Med 2023:e3483. [PMID: 36786034 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer playing the role of an endocrine disruptor that interferes with the union, emission, transport or elimination of normal hormones. Epidemiological information indicated the relation of endocrine-disturbing chemicals with prostate cancer, testis tumor and diminished fertility. p53 is a key tumor silencer gene. The present study aimed to evaluate luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the risk of p53 mutations as a result of exposure to polypropylene in non-tumorous adult male factory workers. METHODS In total, 150 (controls = 35, workers = 115) subjects were recruited. Groups were maintained according to the tenure of exposure G1 (1-5 years), G2 (6-10 years), G3 (11-15 years) and G4 (16-20 years). Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotyping analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction based gel electrophoresis followed by DNA sequencing. The structural and functional impact of the mutation on the p53 structure was evaluated using 50-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and protein-DNA docking. RESULTS Mean plasma LH levels were significantly decreased in G1 (p > 0.05) as well as the G2, G3 and G4 (p > 0.001) groups. Similarly, FSH levels were significant decrease in G1 (p > 0.05), G2 (p > 0.01), G3 (p > 0.001) and G4 (p > 0.001) compared to the control group. Sequencing results found three variants i.e. g.13450 T>G, g.13430C>T and g.13737G>A. One of them was predicted to be disease-causing others are polymorphisms. MD simulation of missense mutation R273H showed no structural impact on the protein structure in MD simulation, but it resulted in weaker binding of p53 with the DNA that might lower the gene expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings predict decreased fertility and risk of malignancies in the future. The spectrum of p53 mutations as a result of polypropylene exposure in the Pakistani population has not been investigated before. Further studies and meta-analyses are required to elucidate the role of different plasticizers in reproduction and cancer-causing risk factors in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Mahmood Asharf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Abbas
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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David M, Ain QU, Jahan S, Ahmad M, Shah Q, Afsar T, Shafique H, Alanezi TN, Almajwal A, Ijaz MU, Razak S. Determination of possible contraceptive potential of methanolic leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. in adult male rats: a biochemical and histological study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:951-961. [PMID: 36569485 PMCID: PMC9773058 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha longifolia L (ML) is locally used as an herbal contraceptive. We aim to assess the toxicity profile and validate the antifertility effects of its leaves in male rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10 animals/group) were divided into four groups. The Control group received .9% saline, while groups II, III, and IV received 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg/day ML doses for 28 days. ML induced a dose-dependent decrease in percent fertility as well as the number of pups born in ML preexposed pairs, with maximum change observed in the ML3 group (60%, 3.75 ± 1.25) as compared to control (100%, 8.75 ± .48) group. A significant (P < .01) decrease in the rate of daily sperm production was observed in the ML3 group (.86 ± .16) in contrast to the control (2.93 ± .05). The levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase declined significantly in treatment groups (ML1-P < .001, ML2-P < .05, and ML3-P < .01). A significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (P < .001) was found in all treatment groups. The concentrations of LH (P < .001), FSH (P < .001), and testosterone (P < .001) were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner among ML-treated groups. Decreases in spermatogonial populations, mature spermatids, seminiferous tubule diameter, lumen diameter, and epithelial height were noticed at higher doses. The reversibility study depicted a reduction in both pregnancy outcomes and litter size. Besides contraceptive effects, M. longifolia L usage is associated with oxidative stress; therefore, it is important to consume this herb appropriately and its excessive usage should be prohibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish David
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-AzamUniversity, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, 51310, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-AzamUniversity, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Shah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-AzamUniversity, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11481, Saudia Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, NE17RU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11481, Saudia Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Corresponding address. Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Shafique H, Ashraf NM, Rashid A, Majeed A, Afsar T, Daly AK, Almajwal A, Alruwaili NW, Khan AU, Razak S. Determination of Pleiotropic Effect of Warfarin in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Genotypes in Patients With Heart Valve Replacement. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895169. [PMID: 35757332 PMCID: PMC9226342 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Warfarin has been widely used as an oral anticoagulant agent. In past, efforts have been done to study the contribution of genetic variation on warfarin dose requirements. The possible therapeutic dose determination of warfarin is very challenging, i.e., extremely low dose leading to unusable antithrombotic therapy or high dose causes particularly bleeding complications. Our study aimed to investigate these observations in more detail, we determined the correlation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genetic variants in patients with heart valve replacement who were treated with a range of warfarin doses and compared with levels in healthy controls. A total of 107 human subjects were recruited with low < 5 mg, medium 5–10 mg/day, and high > 10 mg/day warfarin doses. The genetic study of VKORC1–1639G/A, C1173T, 3730G > A, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 was performed using TaqMan genotyping and DNA sequencing. The gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 mRNA was analyzed. IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 protein expressions were determined by ELISA and Western blot analysis to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of warfarin. A statistically significant difference was found among the haplotypes of VKORC1 rs9934438 (C1173T), rs9923231 (−1639G > A), rs7294 (3730G > A) and CYP2C9 *2 p. Arg144 Cys (rs28371674), CYP2C9 *3 p. Ile359Leu (rs1057910) genotypes with warfarin dose requirements (p = 0.001). The increased levels of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins were observed when a high dose of warfarin (>10 mg/ml) was administered. However, a lower concentration (1.0 mg/ml) was observed with decreased warfarin dose (<5 mg/day). The present study reported that in addition to its anticoagulant action, the genetic variants of warfarin may have a pleiotropic effect by influencing IL-6 depending on the dosing regimen and inducing the expression of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Shafique
- Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Amir Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Majeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf W. Alruwaili
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Suhail Razak,
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Mustafa S, Ijaz MU, ul Ain Q, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shafique H, Razak S. OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:475-485. [PMID: 35782651 PMCID: PMC9244725 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qurat ul Ain
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of cellular medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, United Kingdom
| | - Suhail Razak
- Corresponding author: Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Ahmed TA, Halim A, Farooqi A, Hussain T, Ikram N, Qureshi M, Moin S, Shafique H, Ali L, Malik J, Karamat KA. Presenting features in Pakistani patients suffering from the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody--classical subtype (c-ANCA) associated vasculitis. J PAK MED ASSOC 1999; 49:54-6. [PMID: 10531780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the clinicopathological features in c-ANCA positive patients suffering from vasculitis with a view to find out the most common mode of presentation. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. SETTINGS Department of Immunology, AFIP, Rawalpindi, MH Rawalpindi, CMH Rawalpindi, Department of Rheumatology, PIMS, Islamabad, RGH Rawalpindi, FFH, Rawalpindi. SUBJECTS Seventeen patients suffering from vasculitis and found to be positive for c-ANCA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinico-pathological features at presentation. RESULTS There were 9 males in age range 11-60 years (mean age 32.5 years) and 8 females in age range 26-42 years (mean age 32.3 years). Common presenting features were a combination of cough, blocked nose and post nasal drip 14/17 (82%) followed by nose bleed and haematuria 11/17 (65%). Six patients were demonstrated to be suffering from Wegener's granulomatosis after biopsy. C-ANCA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in the titre range of 8-640. The auto antibody levels related to disease activity. CONCLUSION c-ANCA associated vasculitis is a rare (17 patients in five years) but aggressive form of vasculitis. It must be suspected in patients with persistent respiratory tract related symptoms associated with fever and joint pains which fail to respond to adequate treatment for infections. The c-ANCA estimations can be utilised as sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic marker in this form of vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ahmed
- Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Military Hospital, Rawalpindi
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