1
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Zafar H, Liu B, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Caspase-3-Responsive, Fluorogenic Bivalent Bottlebrush Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2024:571-576. [PMID: 38647178 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the access of proteases to cleavable peptides placed at specific locations within macromolecular architectures represents a powerful strategy for biologically responsive materials design. Here, we report the synthesis of peptide-containing bivalent bottlebrush (co)polymers (BBPs) featuring polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) pendants on each backbone repeat unit. The AMCs are linked via caspase-3-cleavable peptides which, upon enzymatic cleavage, provide a "turn-on" fluorescence signal due to the release of free AMC. Time-dependent fluorscence measurements demonstrate that the caspase-3-induced peptide cleavage and AMC release from BBPs is strongly dependent on the BBP backbone length and the AMC-peptide linker location within the BBP architecture, revealing fundamental insights into the interactions of enzymes with BBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Liu B, Rodriguez J, J Kilgallon L, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang A, Dai Y, Nguyen HVT, Pentelute BL, Johnson JA. An organometallic swap strategy for bottlebrush polymer-protein conjugate synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4238-4241. [PMID: 38529790 PMCID: PMC11008127 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-protein bioconjugation offers a powerful strategy to alter the physical properties of proteins, and various synthetic polymer compositions and architectures have been investigated for this purpose. Nevertheless, conjugation of molecular bottlebrush polymers (BPs) to proteins remains an unsolved challenge due to the large size of BPs and a general lack of methods to transform the chain ends of BPs into functional groups suitable for bioconjugation. Here, we present a strategy to address this challenge in the context of BPs prepared by "graft-through" ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), one of the most powerful methods for BP synthesis. Quenching ROMP of PEGylated norbornene macromonomers with an activated enyne terminator facilitates the transformation of the BP Ru alkylidene chain ends into Pd oxidative addition complexes (OACs) for facile bioconjugation. This strategy is shown to be effective for the synthesis of two BP-protein conjugates (albumin and ERG), setting the stage for a new class of BP-protein conjugates for future therapeutic and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Landon J Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Aiden Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Yutong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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3
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Detappe A, Nguyen HVT, Jiang Y, Agius MP, Wang W, Mathieu C, Su NK, Kristufek SL, Lundberg DJ, Bhagchandani S, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Author Correction: Molecular bottlebrush prodrugs as mono- and triplex combination therapies for multiple myeloma. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:1116. [PMID: 37563269 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Detappe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nang K Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P Peter Ghoroghchian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Detappe A, Nguyen HVT, Jiang Y, Agius MP, Wang W, Mathieu C, Su NK, Kristufek SL, Lundberg DJ, Bhagchandani S, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Author Correction: Molecular bottlebrush prodrugs as mono- and triplex combination therapies for multiple myeloma. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:419. [PMID: 36914884 PMCID: PMC10115626 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Detappe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nang K Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P Peter Ghoroghchian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Detappe A, Nguyen HVT, Jiang Y, Agius MP, Wang W, Mathieu C, Su NK, Kristufek SL, Lundberg DJ, Bhagchandani S, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Molecular bottlebrush prodrugs as mono- and triplex combination therapies for multiple myeloma. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:184-192. [PMID: 36702954 PMCID: PMC10032145 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies often have narrow therapeutic indexes and involve potentially suboptimal combinations due to the dissimilar physical properties of drug molecules. Nanomedicine platforms could address these challenges, but it remains unclear whether synergistic free-drug ratios translate to nanocarriers and whether nanocarriers with multiple drugs outperform mixtures of single-drug nanocarriers at the same dose. Here we report a bottlebrush prodrug (BPD) platform designed to answer these questions in the context of multiple myeloma therapy. We show that proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib)-based BPD monotherapy slows tumour progression in vivo and that mixtures of bortezomib, pomalidomide and dexamethasone BPDs exhibit in vitro synergistic, additive or antagonistic patterns distinct from their corresponding free-drug counterparts. BPDs carrying a statistical mixture of three drugs in a synergistic ratio outperform the free-drug combination at the same ratio as well as a mixture of single-drug BPDs in the same ratio. Our results address unanswered questions in the field of nanomedicine, offering design principles for combination nanomedicines and strategies for improving current front-line monotherapies and combination therapies for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Detappe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Window Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nang K Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P Peter Ghoroghchian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Nguyen HVT, Jiang Y, Mohapatra S, Wang W, Barnes JC, Oldenhuis NJ, Chen KK, Axelrod S, Huang Z, Chen Q, Golder MR, Young K, Suvlu D, Shen Y, Willard AP, Hore MJA, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Johnson JA. Bottlebrush polymers with flexible enantiomeric side chains display differential biological properties. Nat Chem 2022; 14:85-93. [PMID: 34824461 PMCID: PMC9122101 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chirality and molecular conformation are central components of life: biological systems rely on stereospecific interactions between discrete (macro)molecular conformers, and the impacts of stereochemistry and rigidity on the properties of small molecules and biomacromolecules have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, how these features affect the properties of synthetic macromolecules has received comparably little attention. Here we leverage iterative exponential growth and ring-opening metathesis polymerization to produce water-soluble, chiral bottlebrush polymers (CBPs) from two enantiomeric pairs of macromonomers of differing rigidity. Remarkably, CBPs with conformationally flexible, mirror image side chains show several-fold differences in cytotoxicity, cell uptake, blood pharmacokinetics and liver clearance; CBPs with comparably rigid, mirror image side chains show no differences. These observations are rationalized with a simple model that correlates greater conformational freedom with enhanced chiral recognition. Altogether, this work provides routes to the synthesis of chiral nanostructured polymers and suggests key roles for stereochemistry and conformational rigidity in the design of future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Axelrod
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Young
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Suvlu
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizhi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Vohidov F, Andersen JN, Economides KD, Shipitsin MV, Burenkova O, Ackley JC, Vangamudi B, Nguyen HVT, Gallagher NM, Shieh P, Golder MR, Liu J, Dahlberg WK, Ehrlich DJC, Kim J, Kristufek SL, Huh SJ, Neenan AM, Baddour J, Paramasivan S, de Stanchina E, Kc G, Turnquist DJ, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Kopesky PW, Brady SW, Jessel MJ, Reiter LA, Chickering DE, Johnson JA, Blume-Jensen P. Design of BET Inhibitor Bottlebrush Prodrugs with Superior Efficacy and Devoid of Systemic Toxicities. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4714-4724. [PMID: 33739832 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs engineered for preferential activation in diseased versus normal tissues offer immense potential to improve the therapeutic indexes (TIs) of preclinical and clinical-stage active pharmaceutical ingredients that either cannot be developed otherwise or whose efficacy or tolerability it is highly desirable to improve. Such approaches, however, often suffer from trial-and-error design, precluding predictive synthesis and optimization. Here, using bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi)-a class of epigenetic regulators with proven anticancer potential but clinical development hindered in large part by narrow TIs-we introduce a macromolecular prodrug platform that overcomes these challenges. Through tuning of traceless linkers appended to a "bottlebrush prodrug" scaffold, we demonstrate correlation of in vitro prodrug activation kinetics with in vivo tumor pharmacokinetics, enabling the predictive design of novel BETi prodrugs with enhanced antitumor efficacies and devoid of dose-limiting toxicities in a syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer murine model. This work may have immediate clinical implications, introducing a platform for predictive prodrug design and potentially overcoming hurdles in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jannik N Andersen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kyriakos D Economides
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michail V Shipitsin
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Olga Burenkova
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - James C Ackley
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bhavatarini Vangamudi
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - William K Dahlberg
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Deborah J C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julie Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Allison M Neenan
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th St, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gaurab Kc
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David J Turnquist
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Paul W Kopesky
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Samantha W Brady
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael J Jessel
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lawrence A Reiter
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Donald E Chickering
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Blume-Jensen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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8
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Vohidov F, Milling LE, Chen Q, Zhang W, Bhagchandani S, Nguyen HVT, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA. ABC triblock bottlebrush copolymer-based injectable hydrogels: design, synthesis, and application to expanding the therapeutic index of cancer immunochemotherapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5974-5986. [PMID: 34094088 PMCID: PMC8159417 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottlebrush copolymers are a versatile class of macromolecular architectures with broad applications in the fields of drug delivery, self-assembly, and polymer networks. Here, the modular nature of graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is exploited to synthesize "ABC" triblock bottlebrush copolymers (TBCs) from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers. Due to the hydrophobicity of their PLA domains, these TBCs self-assemble in aqueous media at room temperature to yield uniform ∼100 nm micelles that can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Heating these micellar solutions above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (∼32 °C) induces the rapid formation of multi-compartment hydrogels with PLA and PNIPAM domains acting as physical crosslinks. Following the synthesis and characterization of these materials in vitro, TBC micelles loaded with various biologically active small molecules were investigated as injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release in vivo. Specifically, intratumoral administration of TBCs containing paclitaxel and resiquimod-the latter a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-into mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 tumors resulted in a significantly enhanced therapeutic index compared to the administration of these two drugs alone. This effect is attributed to the TBC hydrogel maintaining a high local drug concentration, thus reducing systemic immune activation and local inflammation. Collectively, this work represents, to our knowledge, the first example of thermally-responsive TBCs designed for multi-compartment hydrogel formation, establishing these materials as versatile scaffolds for self-assembly and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Lauren E Milling
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
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9
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Shieh P, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Tailored silyl ether monomers enable backbone-degradable polynorbornene-based linear, bottlebrush and star copolymers through ROMP. Nat Chem 2019; 11:1124-1132. [PMID: 31659310 PMCID: PMC6874888 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene-based (macro)monomers is a powerful approach for the synthesis of macromolecules with diverse compositions and complex architectures. Nevertheless, a fundamental limitation of polymers prepared by this strategy is their lack of facile degradability, limiting their utility in a range of applications. Here we describe a class of readily available bifunctional silyl ether-based cyclic olefins that copolymerize efficiently with norbornene-based (macro)monomers to provide copolymers with backbone degradability under mildly acidic aqueous conditions and degradation rates that can be tuned over several orders of magnitude, depending on the silyl ether substituents. These monomers can be used to manipulate the in vivo biodistribution and clearance rate of polyethylene glycol-based bottlebrush polymers, as well as to synthesize linear, bottlebrush and brush-arm star copolymers with degradable segments. We expect that this work will enable preparation of degradable polymers by ROMP for biomedical applications, responsive self-assembly and improved sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Detappe A, Reidy M, Yu Y, Mathieu C, Nguyen HVT, Coroller TP, Lam F, Jarolim P, Harvey P, Protti A, Nguyen QD, Johnson JA, Cremillieux Y, Tillement O, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP. Antibody-targeting of ultra-small nanoparticles enhances imaging sensitivity and enables longitudinal tracking of multiple myeloma. Nanoscale 2019; 11:20485-20496. [PMID: 31650133 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring malignant progression and disease recurrence post-therapy are central challenges to improving the outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Whereas current detection methods that rely upon bone marrow examination allow for precise monitoring of minimal residual disease and can help to elucidate clonal evolution, they do not take into account the spatial heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. As such, they are uninformative as to the localization of malignant plasma cells and may lead to false negative results. With respect to the latter challenge, clinically-available imaging agents are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific enough to detect minute plasma cell populations. Here, we sought to explore methods by which to improve detection of MM cells within their natural bone marrow environment, using whole-animal magnetic resonance imaging to longitudinally monitor early-stage disease as well as to enhance tumor detection after systemic therapy. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that ultra-small (<5 nm) gadolinium-containing nanoparticles bound to full-length antibodies against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) exhibit rapid tumor uptake followed by renal clearance, improving the signal-to-noise ratio for MM detection beyond levels that are currently afforded by other FDA-approved clinical imaging modalities. We anticipate that when combined with bone marrow or blood biopsy, such imaging constructs could help to augment the effective management of patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Detappe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. and Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la porte de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mairead Reidy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingjie Yu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thibaud P Coroller
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fred Lam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. and Clinical Scholar Program, Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton St East, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Protti
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yannick Cremillieux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Peter Ghoroghchian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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11
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Bennett NR, Jarvis CM, Alam MM, Zwick DB, Olson JM, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA, Cook ME, Kiessling LL. Modular Polymer Antigens To Optimize Immunity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4370-4379. [PMID: 31609600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines can have excellent safety profiles, but their ability to give rise to robust immune responses is often compromised. For glycan-based vaccines, insufficient understanding of B and T cell epitope combinations that yield optimal immune activation hinders optimization. To determine which antigen features promote desired IgG responses, we synthesized epitope-functionalized polymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and assessed the effect of B and T cell epitope loading. The most robust responses were induced by polymers with a high valency of B and T cell epitopes. Additionally, IgG responses were greater for polymers with T cell epitopes that are readily liberated upon endosomal processing. Combining these criteria, we used ROMP to generate a nontoxic, polymeric antigen that elicited stronger antibody responses than a comparable protein conjugate. These findings highlight principles for designing synthetic antigens that elicit strong IgG responses against inherently weak immune targets such as glycans.
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12
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Golder MR, Liu J, Andersen JN, Shipitsin MV, Vohidov F, Nguyen HVT, Ehrlich DC, Huh SJ, Vangamudi B, Economides KD, Neenan AM, Ackley JC, Baddour J, Paramasivan S, Brady SW, Held EJ, Reiter LA, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Kopesky PW, Chickering DE, Blume-Jensen P, Johnson JA. Publisher Correction: Reduction of liver fibrosis by rationally designed macromolecular telmisartan prodrugs. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:707. [PMID: 31015683 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this Article originally published, the author Peter Blume-Jensen was not denoted as a corresponding author; this has now been amended and the author's email address has been added. The 'Correspondence and requests for materials' statement was similarly affected and has now been updated with the author's initials 'P.B-J.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,XTuit Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deborah C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Blume-Jensen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA. .,Acrivon Therapeutics, Lab Central, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Golder MR, Liu J, Andersen JN, Shipitsin MV, Vohidov F, Nguyen HVT, Ehrlich DC, Huh SJ, Vangamudi B, Economides KD, Neenan AM, Ackley JC, Baddour J, Paramasivan S, Brady SW, Held EJ, Reiter LA, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Kopesky PW, Chickering DE, Blume-Jensen P, Johnson JA. Reduction of liver fibrosis by rationally designed macromolecular telmisartan prodrugs. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:822-830. [PMID: 30918745 PMCID: PMC6433387 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At present there are no drugs for the treatment of chronic liver fibrosis that have been approved by the Food and Drug administration of the United States. Telmisartan, a small-molecule antihypertensive drug, displays antifibrotic activity, but its clinical use is limited because it causes systemic hypotension. Here, we report the scalable and convergent synthesis of macromolecular telmisartan prodrugs optimized for preferential release in diseased liver tissue. We optimized the release of active telmisartan in fibrotic liver to be depot-like (that is, a constant therapeutic concentration) through the molecular design of telmisartan brush-arm star polymers, and show that these lead to improved efficacy and to the avoidance of dose-limiting hypotension in both metabolically and chemically induced mouse models of hepatic fibrosis, as determined by histopathology, enzyme levels in the liver, intact-tissue protein markers, hepatocyte necrosis protection, and gene-expression analyses. In rats and dogs, the prodrugs are retained long-term in liver tissue and have a well-tolerated safety profile. Our findings support the further development of telmisartan prodrugs that enable infrequent dosing in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,XTuit Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deborah C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Blume-Jensen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA. .,Acrivon Therapeutics, Lab Central, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Jiang Y, Golder MR, Nguyen HVT, Wang Y, Zhong M, Barnes JC, Ehrlich DJC, Johnson JA. Iterative Exponential Growth Synthesis and Assembly of Uniform Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9369-72. [PMID: 27406892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the phase segregation of unimolecular block copolymers (BCPs) are limited by a lack of reliable, versatile methods for the synthesis of such polymers on the preparative scale. Herein, we describe an advancement of Iterative Exponential Growth (IEG) wherein chiral allyl-based IEG oligomers are subjected to thiol-ene reactions and converted into unimolecular BCPs. With this strategy we have synthesized uniform BCPs with molar masses up to 12.1 kDa on ∼1 g scale. BCPs composed of decane-based side chains and either triethyleneglycol- or thioglycerol-based side chains phase-segregate into hexagonal cylinder morphologies. The assembly is not driven by side-chain crystallization, but is instead the result of amorphous BCP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Deborah J C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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