1
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Truex N, Mohapatra S, Melo M, Rodriguez J, Li N, Abraham W, Sementa D, Touti F, Keskin DB, Wu CJ, Irvine DJ, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Pentelute BL. Design of Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes by Machine Learning of Human Degrons. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:793-802. [PMID: 38680558 PMCID: PMC11046456 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Antigen processing is critical for therapeutic vaccines to generate epitopes for priming cytotoxic T cell responses against cancer and pathogens, but insufficient processing often limits the quantity of epitopes released. We address this challenge using machine learning to ascribe a proteasomal degradation score to epitope sequences. Epitopes with varying scores were translocated into cells using nontoxic anthrax proteins. Epitopes with a low score show pronounced immunogenicity due to antigen processing, but epitopes with a high score show limited immunogenicity. This work sheds light on the sequence-activity relationships between proteasomal degradation and epitope immunogenicity. We anticipate that future efforts to incorporate proteasomal degradation signals into vaccine designs will lead to enhanced cytotoxic T cell priming by these vaccines in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
L. Truex
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Machine
Intelligence and Manufacturing Operations Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mariane Melo
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute
of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Na Li
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Faycal Touti
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Translational
Immunogenomics Laboratory (TIGL), Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Section
for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute
of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Liu B, Rodriguez J, J Kilgallon L, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang A, Dai Y, Nguyen HVT, Pentelute BL, Johnson JA. An organometallic swap strategy for bottlebrush polymer-protein conjugate synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4238-4241. [PMID: 38529790 PMCID: PMC11008127 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-protein bioconjugation offers a powerful strategy to alter the physical properties of proteins, and various synthetic polymer compositions and architectures have been investigated for this purpose. Nevertheless, conjugation of molecular bottlebrush polymers (BPs) to proteins remains an unsolved challenge due to the large size of BPs and a general lack of methods to transform the chain ends of BPs into functional groups suitable for bioconjugation. Here, we present a strategy to address this challenge in the context of BPs prepared by "graft-through" ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), one of the most powerful methods for BP synthesis. Quenching ROMP of PEGylated norbornene macromonomers with an activated enyne terminator facilitates the transformation of the BP Ru alkylidene chain ends into Pd oxidative addition complexes (OACs) for facile bioconjugation. This strategy is shown to be effective for the synthesis of two BP-protein conjugates (albumin and ERG), setting the stage for a new class of BP-protein conjugates for future therapeutic and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Landon J Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Aiden Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Yutong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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3
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Truex N, Rondon A, Rössler SL, Hanna CC, Cho Y, Wang BY, Backlund CM, Lutz EA, Irvine DJ, Pentelute BL. Enhanced Vaccine Immunogenicity Enabled by Targeted Cytosolic Delivery of Tumor Antigens into Dendritic Cells. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:1835-1845. [PMID: 37780364 PMCID: PMC10540291 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular vaccines comprising antigen peptides and inflammatory cues make up a class of therapeutics that promote immunity against cancer and pathogenic diseases but often exhibit limited efficacy. Here, we engineered an antigen peptide delivery system to enhance vaccine efficacy by targeting dendritic cells and mediating cytosolic delivery. The delivery system consists of the nontoxic anthrax protein, protective antigen (PA), and a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) that recognizes the XCR1 receptor on dendritic cells (DCs). Combining these proteins enabled selective delivery of the N-terminus of lethal factor (LFN) into XCR1-positive cross-presenting DCs. Incorporating immunogenic epitope sequences into LFN showed selective protein translocation in vitro and enhanced the priming of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. Administering DC-targeted constructs with tumor antigens (Trp1/gp100) into mice bearing aggressive B16-F10 melanomas improved mouse outcomes when compared to free antigen, including suppressed tumor growth up to 58% at 16 days post tumor induction (P < 0.0001) and increased survival (P = 0.03). These studies demonstrate that harnessing DC-targeting anthrax proteins for cytosolic antigen delivery significantly enhances the immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
L. Truex
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, 631
Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Aurélie Rondon
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Simon L. Rössler
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cameron C. Hanna
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yehlin Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bin-You Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Coralie M. Backlund
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emi A. Lutz
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Ragon Institute
of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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4
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Bhagchandani SH, Vohidov F, Milling LE, Tong EY, Brown CM, Ramseier ML, Liu B, Fessenden TB, Nguyen HVT, Kiel GR, Won L, Langer RS, Spranger S, Shalek AK, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA. Engineering kinetics of TLR7/8 agonist release from bottlebrush prodrugs enables tumor-focused immune stimulation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2239. [PMID: 37075115 PMCID: PMC10115420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinolines (IMDs), such as resiquimod (R848), are of great interest as potential cancer immunotherapies because of their ability to activate Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and/or TLR8 on innate immune cells. Nevertheless, intravenous administration of IMDs causes severe immune-related toxicities, and attempts to improve their tissue-selective exposure while minimizing acute systemic inflammation have proven difficult. Here, using a library of R848 "bottlebrush prodrugs" (BPDs) that differ only by their R848 release kinetics, we explore how the timing of R848 exposure affects immune stimulation in vitro and in vivo. These studies led to the discovery of R848-BPDs that exhibit optimal activation kinetics to achieve potent stimulation of myeloid cells in tumors and substantial reductions in tumor growth following systemic administration in mouse syngeneic tumor models without any observable systemic toxicity. These results suggest that release kinetics can be tuned at the molecular level to provide safe yet effective systemically administered immunostimulant prodrugs for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H. Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren E. Milling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn Yuzhou Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy B. Fessenden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gavin R. Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lori Won
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S. Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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5
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Nomburg J, Zou W, Frost TC, Datta C, Vasudevan S, Starrett GJ, Imperiale MJ, Meyerson M, DeCaprio JA. Long-read sequencing reveals complex patterns of wraparound transcription in polyomaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010401. [PMID: 35363834 PMCID: PMC9007360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyV) are ubiquitous pathogens that can cause devastating human diseases. Due to the small size of their genomes, PyV utilize complex patterns of RNA splicing to maximize their coding capacity. Despite the importance of PyV to human disease, their transcriptome architecture is poorly characterized. Here, we compare short- and long-read RNA sequencing data from eight human and non-human PyV. We provide a detailed transcriptome atlas for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), an important human pathogen, and the prototype PyV, simian virus 40 (SV40). We identify pervasive wraparound transcription in PyV, wherein transcription runs through the polyA site and circles the genome multiple times. Comparative analyses identify novel, conserved transcripts that increase PyV coding capacity. One of these conserved transcripts encodes superT, a T antigen containing two RB-binding LxCxE motifs. We find that superT-encoding transcripts are abundant in PyV-associated human cancers. Together, we show that comparative transcriptomic approaches can greatly expand known transcript and coding capacity in one of the simplest and most well-studied viral families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nomburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Frost
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN4202, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shobha Vasudevan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN4202, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriel J. Starrett
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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6
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Kirkpatrick JD, Soleimany AP, Dudani JS, Liu HJ, Lam HC, Priolo C, Henske EP, Bhatia SN. Protease activity sensors enable real-time treatment response monitoring in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100664. [PMID: 34561286 PMCID: PMC9030069 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00664-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response are urgently needed for patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Activity-based nanosensors, an emerging biosensor class, detect dysregulated proteases in vivo and release a reporter to provide a urinary readout of disease. Because proteases are dysregulated in LAM and may directly contribute to lung function decline, activity-based nanosensors may enable quantitative, real-time monitoring of LAM progression and treatment response. We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of activity-based nanosensors in a pre-clinical model of pulmonary LAM. METHODS Tsc2-null cells were injected intravenously into female nude mice to establish a mouse model of pulmonary LAM. A library of 14 activity-based nanosensors, designed to detect proteases across multiple catalytic classes, was administered into the lungs of LAM mice and healthy controls, urine was collected, and mass spectrometry was performed to measure nanosensor cleavage products. Mice were then treated with rapamycin and monitored with activity-based nanosensors. Machine learning was performed to distinguish diseased from healthy and treated from untreated mice. RESULTS Multiple activity-based nanosensors (PP03 (cleaved by metallo, aspartic and cysteine proteases), padjusted<0.0001; PP10 (cleaved by serine, aspartic and cysteine proteases), padjusted=0.017)) were differentially cleaved in diseased and healthy lungs, enabling strong classification with a machine learning model (area under the curve (AUC) 0.95 from healthy). Within 2 days after rapamycin initiation, we observed normalisation of PP03 and PP10 cleavage, and machine learning enabled accurate classification of treatment response (AUC 0.94 from untreated). CONCLUSIONS Activity-based nanosensors enable noninvasive, real-time monitoring of disease burden and treatment response in a pre-clinical model of LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ava P Soleimany
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaideep S Dudani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dept of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heng-Jia Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- E.P. Henske and S.N. Bhatia co-supervised the study
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- E.P. Henske and S.N. Bhatia co-supervised the study
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7
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Dalvie NC, Tostanoski LH, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Kaur K, Bajoria S, Kumru OS, Martinot AJ, Chandrashekar A, McMahan K, Mercado NB, Yu J, Chang A, Giffin VM, Nampanya F, Patel S, Bowman L, Naranjo CA, Yun D, Flinchbaugh Z, Pessaint L, Brown R, Velasco J, Teow E, Cook A, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Camp DL, Silverman JM, Nagar GS, Rao HD, Lothe RR, Chandrasekharan R, Rajurkar MP, Shaligram US, Kleanthous H, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Biswas S, Love JC, Barouch DH. SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain displayed on HBsAg virus-like particles elicits protective immunity in macaques. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl6015. [PMID: 35294244 PMCID: PMC8926328 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Authorized vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 remain less available in low- and middle-income countries due to insufficient supply, high costs, and storage requirements. Global immunity could still benefit from new vaccines using widely available, safe adjuvants, such as alum and protein subunits, suited to low-cost production in existing manufacturing facilities. Here, a clinical-stage vaccine candidate comprising a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particle elicited protective immunity in cynomolgus macaques. Titers of neutralizing antibodies (>104) induced by this candidate were above the range of protection for other licensed vaccines in nonhuman primates. Including CpG 1018 did not significantly improve the immunological responses. Vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 showed reduced median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage (~3.4 log10) and nasal mucosa (~2.9 log10) versus sham controls. These data support the potential benefit of this design for a low-cost modular vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other variants of concern or betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C. Dalvie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sergio A. Rodriguez-Aponte
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S. Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Global Health and Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noe B. Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victoria M. Giffin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Felix Nampanya
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lesley Bowman
- SpyBiotech Limited, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2JZ, UK
| | - Christopher A. Naranjo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dongsoo Yun
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle L. Camp
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sumi Biswas
- SpyBiotech Limited, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2JZ, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Li C, Callahan AJ, Phadke KS, Bellaire B, Farquhar CE, Zhang G, Schissel CK, Mijalis AJ, Hartrampf N, Loas A, Verhoeven DE, Pentelute BL. Automated Flow Synthesis of Peptide-PNA Conjugates. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:205-213. [PMID: 35233452 PMCID: PMC8874765 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have yet to translate to the clinic because of poor cellular uptake, limited solubility, and rapid elimination. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) covalently attached to PNAs may facilitate clinical development by improving uptake into cells. We report an efficient technology that utilizes a fully automated fast-flow instrument to manufacture CPP-conjugated PNAs (PPNAs) in a single shot. The machine is rapid, with each amide bond being formed in 10 s. Anti-IVS2-654 PPNA synthesized with this instrument presented threefold activity compared to transfected PNA in a splice-correction assay. We demonstrated the utility of this approach by chemically synthesizing eight anti-SARS-CoV-2 PPNAs in 1 day. A PPNA targeting the 5' untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA reduced the viral titer by over 95% in a live virus infection assay (IC50 = 0.8 μM). Our technology can deliver PPNA candidates to further investigate their potential as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alex J. Callahan
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kruttika S. Phadke
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Bryan Bellaire
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Charlotte E. Farquhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carly K. Schissel
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander J. Mijalis
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David E. Verhoeven
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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9
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Bardhan N. Nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging and delivery: Applications from COVID-19 to cancer. MRS Commun 2022; 12:1119-1139. [PMID: 36277435 PMCID: PMC9576318 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-022-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the past two decades, the emergence of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has shown tremendous promise for changing the paradigm of all aspects of disease management. Nanomaterials are particularly attractive for being a modularly tunable system; with the ability to add functionality for early diagnostics, drug delivery, therapy, treatment and monitoring of patient response. In this review, a survey of the landscape of different classes of nanomaterials being developed for applications in diagnostics and imaging, as well as for the delivery of prophylactic vaccines and therapeutics such as small molecules and biologic drugs is undertaken; with a particular focus on COVID-19 diagnostics and vaccination. Work involving bio-templated nanomaterials for high-resolution imaging applications for early cancer detection, as well as for optimal cancer treatment efficacy, is discussed. The main challenges which need to be overcome from the standpoint of effective delivery and mitigating toxicity concerns are investigated. Subsequently, a section is included with resources for researchers and practitioners in nanomedicine, to help tailor their designs and formulations from a clinical perspective. Finally, three key areas for researchers to focus on are highlighted; to accelerate the development and clinical translation of these nanomaterials, thereby unleashing the true potential of nanomedicine in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelkanth Bardhan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
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10
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Kehe J, Ortiz A, Kulesa A, Gore J, Blainey PC, Friedman J. Positive interactions are common among culturable bacteria. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabi7159. [PMID: 34739314 PMCID: PMC8570599 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities. In particular, positive, growth-promoting interactions can substantially affect the diversity and productivity of natural and engineered communities. However, the prevalence of positive interactions and the conditions in which they occur are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used kChip, an ultrahigh-throughput coculture platform, to measure 180,408 interactions among 20 soil bacteria across 40 carbon environments. We find that positive interactions, often described to be rare, occur commonly and primarily as parasitisms between strains that differ in their carbon consumption profiles. Notably, nongrowing strains are almost always promoted by strongly growing strains (85%), suggesting a simple positive interaction–mediated approach for cultivation, microbiome engineering, and microbial consortium design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Kehe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Ortiz
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Kulesa
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Gore
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul C. Blainey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Friedman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Wilson MM, Callens C, Le Gallo M, Mironov S, Ding Q, Salamagnon A, Chavarria TE, Viel R, Peasah AD, Bhutkar A, Martin S, Godey F, Tas P, Kang HS, Juin PP, Jetten AM, Visvader JE, Weinberg RA, Attanasio M, Prigent C, Lees JA, Guen VJ. An EMT-primary cilium-GLIS2 signaling axis regulates mammogenesis and claudin-low breast tumorigenesis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf6063. [PMID: 34705506 PMCID: PMC8550236 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis induce stem cell properties in basal mammary stem cells (MaSCs) to promote mammogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that EMT transcription factors promote ciliogenesis upon entry into intermediate EMT states by activating ciliogenesis inducers, including FGFR1. The resulting primary cilia promote ubiquitination and inactivation of a transcriptional repressor, GLIS2, which localizes to the ciliary base. We show that GLIS2 inactivation promotes MaSC stemness, and GLIS2 is required for normal mammary gland development. Moreover, GLIS2 inactivation is required to induce the proliferative and tumorigenic capacities of the mammary tumor–initiating cells (MaTICs) of claudin-low breast cancers. Claudin-low breast tumors can be segregated from other breast tumor subtypes based on a GLIS2-dependent gene expression signature. Collectively, our findings establish molecular mechanisms by which EMT programs induce ciliogenesis to control MaSC and MaTIC stemness, mammary gland development, and claudin-low breast cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Wilson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Céline Callens
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Svetlana Mironov
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amandine Salamagnon
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
| | - Tony E. Chavarria
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roselyne Viel
- Plateforme d’Histopathologie de Haute Précision (H2P2), Rennes, France
| | - Abena D. Peasah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Martin
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Godey
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Tas
- INSERM U1242, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jane E. Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Department of Biology and the Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claude Prigent
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacqueline A. Lees
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vincent J. Guen
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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