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Plaisier I, Bonardi A, Buitink S, Corstanje A, Falcke H, Hare B, Hörandel J, de Jong S, Mitra P, Mulrey K, Nelles A, Rachen J, Rossetto L, Schellart P, Scholten O, ter Veen S, Thoudam S, Trinh T, Winchen T. A new parametrization for the radio emission of air showers applied to LOFAR data. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921603011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy and mass composition of cosmic rays influence how the energy density of the radio emission of air showers is distributed on the ground. A precise description of the radio profiles can, therefore, be used to reconstruct the properties of the primary cosmic rays. Here, such a description is presented, using a separate treatment of the two radio-emission mechanisms, the geomagnetic effect and the charge excess effect. The model is parametrized as a function that depends only on the shower parameters, allowing for a precise reconstruction of the properties of the primary cosmic rays. This model is applied to cosmic-ray events measured with LOFAR and it is capable of reconstructing the properties of air showers correctly.
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Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ferrie JE, Ahola K, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, Bjorner JB, Borritz M, Burr H, Chastang JF, de Graaf R, Dragano N, Hamer M, Jokela M, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Koskinen A, Leineweber C, Niedhammer I, Nielsen ML, Nordin M, Oksanen T, Pejtersen JH, Pentti J, Plaisier I, Salo P, Singh-Manoux A, Suominen S, ten Have M, Theorell T, Toppinen-Tanner S, Vahtera J, Väänänen A, Westerholm PJM, Westerlund H, Fransson EI, Heikkilä K, Virtanen M, Rugulies R, Kivimäki M. Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1342-1356. [PMID: 28122650 PMCID: PMC5471831 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600355x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. METHOD We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. RESULTS We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. H. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
| | - S. T. Nyberg
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - J. E. Ferrie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Community and Social Medicine,
University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS,
UK
| | - K. Ahola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Stockholm County Council, SE-104
22 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G. D. Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive
Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research
Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - J. B. Bjorner
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
| | - M. Borritz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital,
DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (BAuA), D-10317 Berlin,
Germany
| | - J.-F. Chastang
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for
Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and
Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
- University of Angers, Epidemiology in Occupational
Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - R. de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and
Addiction, 3521 VS Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - N. Dragano
- Department of Medical Sociology,
University of Düsseldorf, 40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Hamer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- National Centre for Sport & Exercise
Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU,
UK
| | - M. Jokela
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences,
Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70
Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - M. Koskenvuo
- Department of Public Health,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Leineweber
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - I. Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for
Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and
Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
- University of Angers, Epidemiology in Occupational
Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - M. L. Nielsen
- Unit of Social Medicine,
Frederiksberg University Hospital, DK-2000
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Nordin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Psychology,
Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå,
Sweden
| | - T. Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. H. Pejtersen
- The Danish National Centre for Social
Research, DK-1052 Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - J. Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - I. Plaisier
- The Netherlands Institute for Social
Research, 2515 XP The Hague, The
Netherlands
| | - P. Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
| | - A. Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Inserm U1018, Centre for
Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, F-94807
Villejuif, France
| | - S. Suominen
- Folkhälsan Research Center,
FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Nordic School of Public Health,SE-402 42Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
| | - M. ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and
Addiction, 3521 VS Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - T. Theorell
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - J. Vahtera
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
- Turku University Hospital,
FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A. Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. J. M. Westerholm
- Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - E. I. Fransson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm,
Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare,
Jönköping University, SE-551 11
Jönköping, Sweden
| | - K. Heikkilä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Services Research and
Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit,
The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London
WC2A 3PE, UK
| | - M. Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
- Department of Public Health and Department of
Psychology, University of Copenhagen,
DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki,Finland
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