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Kumar S, Singh PP, Pasupuleti N, Shendre SS, Sequeira JJ, Babu I, Mutak MS, Rai N, Chaubey G. Genetic evidence for a single founding population of the Lakshadweep Islands. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:8. [PMID: 38374307 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Lakshadweep is an archipelago of 36 islands located in the Southeastern Arabian Sea. In the absence of a detailed archaeological record, the human settlement timing of this island is vague. Previous genetic studies on haploid DNA makers suggested sex-biased ancestry linked to North and South Indian populations. Maternal ancestry suggested a closer link with the Southern Indian, while paternal ancestry advocated the Northern Indian genetic affinity. Since the haploid markers are more sensitive to genetic drift, which is evident for the Island populations, we have used the biparental high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphic markers to reconstruct the population history of Lakshadweep Islands. Using the fine-scaled analyses, we specifically focused on (A) the ancestry components of Lakshadweep Islands populations; (B) their relation with East, West Eurasia and South Asia; (C) the number of founding lineages and (D) the putative migration from Northern India as the paternal ancestry was closer to the North Indian populations. Our analysis of ancestry components confirmed relatively higher North Indian ancestry among the Lakshadweep population. These populations are closely related to the South Asian populations. We identified mainly a single founding population for these Islands, geographically divided into two sub-clusters. By examining the population's genetic composition and analysing the gene flow from different source populations, this study contributes to our understanding of Lakshadweep Island's evolutionary history and population dynamics. These findings shed light on the complex interactions between ethnic groups and their genetic contributions in making the Lakshadweep population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Prajjval Pratap Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Nagarjuna Pasupuleti
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Shivanand S Shendre
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Jaison Jeevan Sequeira
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Idrees Babu
- Department of Science and Technology, Lakshadweep Administration, Kavaratti, 682555, India
| | - Mohammed S Mutak
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574199, India.
| | - Niraj Rai
- Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Tayyeh AM, Sequeira JJ, Kumar L, Babu I, van Driem G, Mustak MS. The maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and the last glacial maximum aftermath. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1467-1477. [PMID: 37823939 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The prehistoric human settlement of the Lakshadweep islands remains a mystery for various reasons. Uncertainty about the existence of indigenous tribes in these islands and the lack of folklore records present major obstacles to the reconstruction of Lakshadweep ancestry. However, with extant population data, we seek to understand the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders. Mitochondrial control region variation analysis of 80 individuals from this island shows maternal links with the populations in the northwestern region of the South Asian mainland. The founder clade R30b2, observed in the Kavaratti islanders, is so far present only in the Scheduled Castes from the Punjab region, Jat Sikhs and Nairs. All other mainland populations carry basal R30 or R30a subclades. The presence of a specific Uralic U4 lineage in our samples, in addition to the Indo-European affinity observed in the phylogeny tree, substantiates a northwestern maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and implies an ancestral admixture with early humans in the Near East at the time of the last glacial maximum (LGM). Based on our Bayesian analysis, we furthermore propose that a group bearing mostly R30b2 during the LGM recovery, moved eastward and southward, where they received Indian-specific M haplogroups. Hence, the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders is evidently a consequence of the demographic changes in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent caused by the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup distribution pattern and nucleotide sequence data produced in this study will enrich the forensic database of the Lakshadweep islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alnoman Mundher Tayyeh
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology Unit, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | | | - Lomous Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Idrees Babu
- Department of Science and Technology, Lakshadweep Administration, Kavaratti, 682555, India
| | - George van Driem
- Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, Länggassstrasse 49, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Mustak MS, Rai N, Naveen MR, Prakash S, Carlus SJ, Pasupuleti N, Srivastava A, Singh PP, Babu I, Dubey PK, Chaubey G, Thangaraj K. The peopling of Lakshadweep Archipelago. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6968. [PMID: 31061397 PMCID: PMC6502849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The archipelago of Lakshadweep is considered as a stopover to the maritime route since ancient time. It is not very clear when the human first occupied these islands, however in the long history of the islands, the local legends suggest that Lakshadweep has been ruled by different kingdoms. To have a better understanding of peopling of Lakshadweep, we have analysed 557 individuals from eight major islands for mitochondrial DNA and 166 individuals for Y chromosome markers. We found a strong founder effect for both paternal and maternal lineages. Moreover, we report a close genetic link of Lakshadweep islanders with the Maldives, Sri Lanka and India. Most of the Lakshadweep islands share the haplogroups specific to South Asia and West Eurasia, except Minicoy Island that also shares haplogroups of East Eurasia. The paternal and maternal ancestries of the majority of island populations suggest their arrival from distinct sources. We found that the maternal ancestry was closer to South Indian populations, whereas the paternal ancestry was overwhelmed with the haplogroups, more common in the Maldives and North of India. In conclusion, our first genetic data suggest that the majority of human ancestry in Lakshadweep is largely derived from South Asia with minor influences from East and West Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Mustak
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, 574199, India.,CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Mohan Rao Naveen
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, 574199, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - S Justin Carlus
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | | | - Anshika Srivastava
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prajjval Pratap Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Idrees Babu
- Department of Science and Technology, Lakshadweep Administration, Kavaratti, 682555, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Dubey
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 5100, Estonia
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Dijkhuis KAJ, Babu I, Lopulissa JS, Noordermeer JWM, Dierkes WK. A Mechanistic Approach to EPDM Devulcanization. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2008. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3548204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The extensive utilization of rubber in a wide variety of products causes a problem in terms of waste. Reclaiming of end-of-life products or production scrap is a potential solution. A high quality reclaim would preferably be obtained by devulcanization, to leave the polymer chains intact. Reclaiming of natural rubber is common practice, although the fundamental knowledge about de- and re-crosslinking is rather limited. EPDM-based rubber is even more unexplored in terms of reclaiming and re-utilization. This paper gives a mechanistic insight into the thermal reclaiming of two differently vulcanized EPDM compounds, using hexadecylamine (HDA) as devulcanization agent. Reclaim from conventionally vulcanized EPDM, mainly polysulfidic of nature, shows the largest decrease in remaining crosslink density with increasing HDA concentration and at lower reclaim temperatures. After reclaiming at the lower limit of the experimental temperature window applied: 225 °C, the concentration of remaining di- and polysulfidic crosslinks is higher than the concentration of monosulfidic bonds, while at the upper temperature level: 275 °C, the concentration of monosulfidic bonds is highest. For efficiently vulcanized EPDM with primarily monosulfidic crosslinks, HDA again has a positive effect on the reclaim efficiency at low applied reclaiming temperatures of max. 225 °C. At higher temperatures, the crosslink density increases with increasing concentrations of HDA. Application of a treatment proposed by Horikx shows, that conventionally vulcanized EPDM devulcanizes to a larger extent by crosslink scission compared to the efficiently vulcanized material, which primarily shows main-chain scission. Both reclaimed materials can be added up to 50 wt% to a virgin masterbatch, with limited decrease in properties. This is a high amount compared to max. 15 wt% of ground powder rubber, commonly known to be the practical limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. J. Dijkhuis
- 1University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dept. of Elastomer Technology and Engineering P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - I. Babu
- 1University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dept. of Elastomer Technology and Engineering P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - J. S. Lopulissa
- 1University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dept. of Elastomer Technology and Engineering P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - J. W. M. Noordermeer
- 1University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dept. of Elastomer Technology and Engineering P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - W. K. Dierkes
- 1University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dept. of Elastomer Technology and Engineering P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
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Babu I, Ashish K, Yugesh D, Trilochan S, Surinder B. Airway management of meningomyelocoele—a case report. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2008.10872539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Babu I, Sagtani A, Jain N, Bawa SN. Submental tracheal intubation in a case of panfacial trauma. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2008; 6:102-104. [PMID: 18604124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Airway management of panfacial fractures is complicated. Treatment of fractures of such bones presents a certain difficulty as in not only do the fracture fragments have to be aligned but the teeth have to be kept in proper occlusion as well. To achieve a proper pre-traumatic occlusion, the occlusion has to be maintained and checked at all times during the surgery. There are many options for the airway management of such cases. We present a case of panfacial fracture which was managed successfully with submental intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Babu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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