1
|
Prasko J, Liska R, Krone I, Vanek J, Abeltina M, Sollar T, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Bite I, Ociskova M. Parallel process as a tool for supervision and therapy: A cognitive behavioral and schema therapy perspective. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2024; 45:NEL450224R01. [PMID: 38583189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The parallel process is a psychosocial phenomenon where the relationship dynamics between the therapist and the client are repeated in the supervisory relationship between the therapist and the supervisor. The concept of the parallel process can be a useful tool for understanding and solving problems in therapy. However, it can induce supervision drift or block the supervision process. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize the reader with parallel processes in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and schema therapy supervision and discuss how to manage this phenomenon in supervision. METHOD This article is a narrative review with illustrations of supervision interviews in which the parallel process unfolds. The text provides an overview of theoretical constructions and empirical studies related to the parallel process. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant resources using the keywords "parallel process," "cognitive behavioural therapy," "schema therapy," "transference," and "countertransference." Case vignettes were collected from trainees, training leaders and supervisors to provide real-life examples of how self-reflection and self-experience can enhance CBT and schema therapy training, practice, and supervision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Liska
- Department of Andragogy and Education Management, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga, Latvia University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prasko J, Ociskova M, Burkauskas J, Vanek J, Krone I, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Abeltina M, Holomany J, Slepecky M, Juskiene A. The river of life method in a schema therapy groups. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2024; 45:55-68. [PMID: 38295428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Schema therapy is an integrative approach to treat patients with personality disorders and other complex psychological problems. Group schema therapy has been developed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of schema therapy by providing a supportive and stimulating environment for change. This article introduces the River of Life Method, a novel technique for facilitating group schema therapy, based on the metaphor of a river of life. The method helps patients to identify and modify their maladaptive schemas and modes in a nurturing process in the group. The article describes the theoretical background, the practical steps, and the clinical applications of the method. It also presents the patients' experience with the method, based on their feedback and self-reports. The results showed that the method was well received by both patients and therapists, and that it had positive effects on schema modes, psychological distress, and coping with adversities and hope for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Jelena Holomany
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prasko J, Abeltina M, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Burkauskas J, Krone I, Jurisova E, Zatkova M, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Exploring self-care within the context of cognitive behavioural therapy and supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2024; 45:7-21. [PMID: 38295424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This article emphasizes the critical role of self-care in the professional lives of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) therapists and supervisors. It delves into the importance of self-care, elucidating its significance in maintaining therapists' mental health and effectiveness. The article presents a range of practical strategies that promote self-care, providing therapists and supervisors with specific steps to incorporate self-care into their daily routines. Moreover, the article explores common challenges and barriers to self-care, such as a lack of time, feelings of guilt associated with prioritizing one's needs, and a lack of available resources for self-care. The article aims to deepen our understanding of the complexities of practising self-care by shedding light on possible obstacles. In addition, the article includes case vignettes that demonstrate tangible examples of the positive impact of self-care on therapists' mental health and effectiveness. The overarching goal of this article is to encourage ongoing discussion and research on self-care. It advocates a greater emphasis on self-care in CBT and CBT supervision (CBTS), intending to promote the health and well-being of those who dedicate their lives to caring for others. The insights and strategies presented in this article serve as a resource for therapists and supervisors striving to achieve a balanced lifestyle while effectively catering to the needs of their clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Erika Jurisova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prasko J, Abeltina M, Krone I, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Vanek J, Burkauskas J, Liska R, Sollar T, Juskiene A, Slepecky M, Bagdonaviciene L, Ociskova M. Problems in Cognitive-Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Background and Clinical Application. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:234-255. [PMID: 37466063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioural therapists and trainees are encouraged to undergo supervision when offering therapy to troubled clients and to process personal attitudes and events likely to affect their therapeutic work. We discuss common problems in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) supervision, which may arise at the client, supervisee, or supervisor level. These issues include difficulties with case formulation, therapeutic strategies, and the therapeutic relationship. A supervisor can help their supervisee deal with clients with multifaceted or particularly challenging problems, such as difficulties with compliance, complex psychosocial problems, or chronic mental disorders. We also discuss matters related to the supervision process, the supervisor's role, different supervisory styles, and issues affecting a supervisee's feelings of vulnerability and shame. Furthermore, we analyze distinct supervision styles and potential problems arising from the supervision of experienced CBT therapists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
| | - Roman Liska
- Department of Andragogy and Education Management, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prasko J, Ociskova M, Abeltina M, Krone I, Kantor K, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Minarikova K, Mozny P, Piliarova M, Bite I. The importance of self-experience and self-reflection in training of cognitive behavioral therapy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:152-163. [PMID: 37392442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-awareness can be characterised as impartial, non-judgmental thoughtful attention towards the self. Self-reflection in therapy is when a therapist reviews their experiences, thoughts, and behaviours concerning therapy and changes them as needed to enhance the therapeutic process. Therapists with good quality self-reflection can make more effective and ethical decisions, differentiate their own needs from clients', understand transference and countertransference, and consider the optimal response during a session. Practising the CBT approach and reflecting on one's own experiences can be essential for successful therapeutic development. Furthermore, self-reflection forms the basis of a fruitful therapeutic relationship and the therapist's self-confidence and sense of competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., the Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., the Czech Republic
| | | | - Ilona Krone
- Rigas Stradins University, Riga`s Psychiatry and Narcology centre, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mozny
- Psychiatric Hospital, Kromeriz, the Czech Republic
| | | | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prasko J, Vanek J, Ociskova M, Krone I, Slepecky M, Abeltina M, Burkauskas J, Grambal A, Bagdonaviciene L. Role-playing in cognitive behavioral supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:74-85. [PMID: 37182229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Role-play helps the supervisor present a moment of therapy, and reflect on what has happened to the therapist to the patient and further model the therapeutic skills. Usually, the supervisor or other supervisees (in group supervision) play the patient, and the therapist plays a significant moment in the psychotherapeutic session. Supervisors or supervisees in group supervision can play the patient in different situations, and can also reverse roles when the therapist plays their patient, and the supervisor plays the therapist. Before role-playing, there is a need to set a specific goal. Playing roles in supervision can focus on (a) conceptualizing the case; (b) assessing and optimizing therapeutic strategies; (c) a better understanding of the therapeutic relationship. A specific goal needs to be set before role-playing. The technique can focus on (a) case conceptualization; (b) assessment and optimization therapeutic strategies; (c) a better understanding of the therapeutic relationship. A variety of approaches can be used for role-playings, such as pattern learning, modelling, chaining, encouragement and feedback, or psychodrama techniques such as monologue, an empty chair, role change, alter-ego, using multiple chairs or toys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marija Abeltina
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Aleš Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prasko J, Krone I, Burkauskas J, Vanek J, Abeltina M, Juskiene A, Sollar T, Bite I, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Background and Clinical Application. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3809-3824. [PMID: 36578283 PMCID: PMC9792257 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s382246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The homework aims to generalize the patient's knowledge and encourage practicing skills learned during therapy sessions. Encouraging and facilitating homework is an important part of supervisees in their supervision, and problems with using homework in therapy are a common supervision agenda. Supervisees are encouraged to conceptualize the patient's lack of homework and promote awareness of their own beliefs and responses to non-cooperation. The supervision focuses on homework twice - first as a part of the supervised therapy and second as a part of the supervision itself. Homework assigned in supervision usually deals with mapping problems, monitoring certain behaviors (mostly communication with the patient), or implementing new behaviors in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic,Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic,Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic,Correspondence: Jan Prasko, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic, Tel +420 603 414 930, Email
| | | | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marija Abeltina
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic,Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prasko J, Ociskova M, Vanek J, Burkauskas J, Slepecky M, Bite I, Krone I, Sollar T, Juskiene A. Managing Transference and Countertransference in Cognitive Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Framework and Clinical Application. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2129-2155. [PMID: 35990755 PMCID: PMC9384966 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s369294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional patterns, beliefs, and assumptions that affect a patient’s perception of other people often affect their perceptions and behaviours towards the therapist. This tendency has been traditionally called transference for its psychoanalytical roots and presents an important factor to monitor and process. In supervision, it is important to put the patient’s transference in the context of the conceptualization of the case. Countertransference occurs when the therapist responds complementary to the patient’s transference based on their own dysfunctional beliefs or assumptions. Transference and countertransference provide useful insights into the inner world of the patient, therapist, and supervisor. Guided discovery is one of the most common approaches used by a supervisor and a supervisee to map all types and directions of transference and countertransference. Other options to map transference and countertransference are imagery and role-playing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic.,Rehabilitation Hospital Jessenia Inc, Akeso Holding, Beroun, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vrublevska J, Perepjolkina V, Martinsone K, Kolesnikova J, Krone I, Smirnova D, Fountoulakis KN, Rancans E. Determinants of Anxiety in the General Latvian Population During the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854812. [PMID: 35769784 PMCID: PMC9236180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictive public health measures have seriously affected mental health of society. Social, psychological, and health-related factors have been linked to anxiety in the general population.AimWe investigate the association of various sociopsychological and health-related determinants of anxiety and identify the predicting factors for anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 state of emergency from in Latvia.MethodsWe conducted an online survey using a randomized stratified sample of the general adult population in July 2020 for 3 weeks. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Sociodemographic, health-related, sociopsychological characteristics and suicidality were identified using the structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-square test, post hoc analysis, and binomial logistic regression.ResultsThe weighted study sample included 2,608 participants. The mean STAY-S score of the total sample was 22.88 ± 12.25. In the total sample, 15.2% (n = 398) of participants were classified as having anxiety. The odds ratio (OR) of having anxiety was higher in females (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.75–3.33) and people who had experienced mental health problems in the past (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.03–2.04), had suicide attempt in the past (OR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.08–2.59), were worried about their health status due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.36–1.16), were worried about stigmatization from others if infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.35), were worried about information regarding COVID-19 from the Internet (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43), persons who were lonely (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.54–2.34), and persons with negative problem orientation (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.51). Protective factors were identified as having good self-rated general health (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.58–0.81), maintaining a daily routine (OR = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61–0.90), having financial stability (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.55–0.79), and having good psychological resilience (OR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.87–0.94).ConclusionsThis is the first study to report a prevalence of anxiety in the general population of Latvia. Certain factors that predict anxiety, as well as protective factors were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- *Correspondence: Jelena Vrublevska
| | | | - Kristine Martinsone
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Kolesnikova
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Krone
- Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prasko J, Dicevicius D, Ociskova M, Krone I, Slepecky M, Albertina M, Bagdonaviciene L, Juskiene A. Imagery in cognitive behavioral supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:33-45. [PMID: 32338851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the role of imagery in supervision which is a part of the work of both the supervisee and the supervisor. Imagination bears outstanding importance in psychotherapy and supervision. METHOD The relevant texts for this narrative review were identified through the Web of Science and PubMed databases, within the period 1990-2019. The search terms included: Supervision, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Imagination, Imagery, Imagery rescripting, Therapeutic relationship, Supervisory relationship. The report also includes information from the books referred to by the articles. The supervisory experiences of the authors were also incorporated. The theoretical part is supplemented with case vignettes of strategies using imagination in CBT supervision. RESULTS Working with imagery can be used in transformative experiential learning. It can help to better map the situation with the patient, including its emotional components and basic psychological needs, to realise how the therapeutic relationship is set up, as well as to rework own therapist attitudes, schemas and emotional - behavioural responses, and plan future steps in the therapy. Many therapy steps could be learned during imagery exercises. Imagery also helps to understand and regulate the supervisory relationship. CONCLUSION It is useful to integrate imagery to the supervision. Using imagery can help to understand the patient, the therapeutic relationship better, and to plan optimal therapeutic strategies, as well as reflect/self-reflect and train difficult skills which promote professional and personal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga`s Psychiatry and Narcology centre, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Alicja Juskiene
- Behavioral Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Berze L, Civcisa S, Krone I, Kvartalovs D, Kikuste S, Sapele I, Lazovika J, Rancans E. Implementing the Latvian Early Intervention Program (LAT-EIP) for Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum First-Episode Psychosis: Study Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:829. [PMID: 31798475 PMCID: PMC6863883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with first-episode psychosis are mainly young people in the active phase of their social and professional lives, and psychosis is a serious disruption of normal life with high risk of disability. Integrated biopsychosocial early intervention treatment is crucial for patients with first-time psychosis episode. The purpose of this trial is to adapt the first early intervention program for patients with first-time non-affective psychosis in Latvia, and to investigate whether it is possible to integrate this kind of treatment approach in the frame of existing services and whether it provides better outcomes for patients than existing services. Design/Methods: The study has a nonrandomized controlled design in a real-life environment. Participants are all consecutive patients presenting in the psychiatric emergency room with first-time non-affective schizophrenia spectrum psychosis episode (ICD criteria F23, F20) from a catchment area of 262,541 inhabitants, with urban and rural regions. The Latvian Early Intervention Program is a 6-month program developed from existing treatment guidelines and recommendations and adapted to a low-resource environment, integrated in an existing outpatient unit. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the patients who received intervention have milder symptoms, higher functioning, and better adherence to outpatient treatment. The study primary aims are: 1) to establish and examine in practice the adapted early intervention for patients with first schizophrenia spectrum psychosis; 2) compare clinical and functional outcomes (including occupation, housing, and social relationships) between intervention treatment and standard treatment; and 3) compare the number of rehospitalizations, adherence to outpatient treatment, and assigned disability. Secondary aims are: 1) to compare full recovery status in both treatment groups at 12 months follow-up and 2) to develop recommendations for establishing early intervention programs in limited resource settings. Discussion/Conclusions: Across the world, there is wide inequality in the availably and accessibility to early intervention treatment. This study will increase our knowledge in early intervention treatment approach and outcomes for patients with schizophrenia spectrum first psychosis episode in real-life working clinical practices. We hope to provide theoretical and practical aspects to develop strategies for early intervention service implementation in limited resource mental healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liene Berze
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Sandra Civcisa
- Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Krone
- CBT Department, Latvian Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dmitrijs Kvartalovs
- Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sarmite Kikuste
- Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Inna Sapele
- Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Jelena Lazovika
- Department of Mental Health Care, Daugavpils Psychoneurological Hospital, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reuter G, Krone I. [On the biosynthesis of sphaerophysin (4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-amino-(1))-butyl-1-quanidine) in Spaerophysa sal sula Pall]. Pharmazie 1969; 24:174-6. [PMID: 5822207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|