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Im GB, Kim YG, Jo IS, Yoo TY, Kim SW, Park HS, Hyeon T, Yi GR, Bhang SH. Effect of polystyrene nanoplastics and their degraded forms on stem cell fate. J Hazard Mater 2022; 430:128411. [PMID: 35149489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the effects of micro- and nanoplastics on microbes, cells, and the environment. However, only a few studies have examined their effects-especially, those of their reduced cohesiveness-on cell viability and physiology. We synthesized surfactant-free amine-functionalized polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) and PS-NPs with decreased crosslinking density (DPS-NPs) without changing other factors, such as size, shape, and zeta potential and examined their effects on cell viability and physiology. PS- and DPS-NPs exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity by upregulating GPX3 expression and downregulating HSP70 (ROS-related gene) and XBP1 (endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene) expression in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Additionally, they led to upregulation of MFN2 (mitochondrial fusion related gene) expression and downregulation of FIS1 (mitochondrial fission related gene) expression, indicating enhanced mitochondrial fusion in hBM-MSCs. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that PS- and DPS-NPs increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, indicating that they promoted cell proliferation and, specifically, the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. However, the cytotoxicity of DPS-NPs against hBM-MSCs was higher than that of PS-NPs after long-term treatment under adipogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Jo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac, France
| | - Tae Yong Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Colloidal clusters are prepared by assembling positively charged cross-linked polystyrene (PS) particles onto negatively charged liquid cores of swollen polymer particles. PS particles at the interface of the liquid core are closely packed around the core due to interfacial wetting. Then, by evaporating solvent in the liquid cores, polymers in the cores are solidified and the clusters are cemented. As the swelling ratio of PS cores increases, cores at the center of colloidal clusters are exposed, forming patchy colloidal clusters. Finally, by density gradient centrifugation, high-purity symmetric colloidal clusters are obtained. When silica-PS core-shell particles are swollen and serve as the liquid cores, hybrid colloidal clusters are obtained in which each silica nanoparticle is relocated to the liquid core interface during the swelling-deswelling process breaking symmetry in colloidal clusters as the silica nanoparticle in the core is comparable in size with the PS particle in the shell. The configuration of colloidal clusters is determined once the number of particles around the liquid core is given, which depends on the size ratio of the liquid core and shell particle. Since hybrid clusters are heavier than PS particles, they can be purified using centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - David J Pine
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | | | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Moon J, Jo IS, Yoon JH, Kim Y, Oh JS, Pine DJ, Yi GR. DNA functionalization of colloidal particles via physisorption of azide-functionalized diblock copolymers. Soft Matter 2019; 15:6930-6933. [PMID: 31372613 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-coated inorganic particles can be prepared simply by physical adsorption of azide-functionalized diblock copolymers (polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-azide, PS-b-PEO-N3) onto hydrophobically-modified inorganic particles, followed by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC, copper-free click chemistry). This approach is applied to organosilica, silica and titania particles. The DNA-coated colloids are successfully crystallized into colloidal superstructures by a thermal annealing process using DNA-mediated assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongbin Moon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongha Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Suk Oh
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - David J Pine
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
DNA-mediated self-assembly of colloidal particles is one of the most promising approaches for constructing colloidal superstructures. For nanophotonic materials and devices, DNA-functionalized colloids with diameters of around 100 nm are essential building blocks. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing DNA-functionalized polymer nanoparticles (DNA-polyNPs) in the size range of 55-150 nm using block copolymer micelles as a template. Diblock copolymers of polystyrene- b-poly(ethylene oxide) with an azide end group (PS- b-PEO-N3) are first formed into spherical micelles. Then, the micelle cores are swollen with the styrene monomer and polymerized, thus producing PS NPs with PEO brushes and azide functional end groups. DNA strands are conjugated onto the ends of the PEO brushes through a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction, resulting in a DNA density of more than one DNA strand per 12.6 nm2 for 70 nm particles. The DNA-polyNPs with complementary sequences enable the formation of CsCl-type colloidal superstructure by DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Suk Oh
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - David J Pine
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , New York University , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | | | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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Jo IS, Oh JS, Kim SH, Pine DJ, Yi GR. Correction: Compressible colloidal clusters from Pickering emulsions and their DNA functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10921. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc90402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Compressible colloidal clusters from Pickering emulsions and their DNA functionalization’ by In-Seong Jo et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 8328–8331.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Suk Oh
- Center for Soft Matter Research
- Department of Physics
- New York University
- New York
- USA
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Pine
- Center for Soft Matter Research
- Department of Physics
- New York University
- New York
- USA
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
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Jo IS, Oh JS, Kim SH, Pine DJ, Yi GR. Compressible colloidal clusters from Pickering emulsions and their DNA functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8328-8331. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal clusters were prepared by assembling azide-functionalized non-crosslinked polymer particles using fluorinated oil-in-water emulsion droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Suk Oh
- Center for Soft Matter Research
- Department of Physics
- New York University
- New York 10003
- USA
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Pine
- Center for Soft Matter Research
- Department of Physics
- New York University
- New York 10003
- USA
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
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Seo DC, Lim SC, Jo IS, Lee BJ, Lee HJ, Kim SD, Lee JB, Cho JS, Heo JS. Comparison of Removal Efficiencies in Single and Duplex Ventilation Constructed Wetland Systems for Treating Domestic Sewage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2009.28.3.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Seo DC, Jo IS, Lim SC, Lee BJ, Park SK, Cheon YS, Park JH, Lee HJ, Cho JS, Heo JS. Evaluation of Pollutant Removal Efficiency in Environmentally Friendly Full-scale Constructed Wetlands for Treating Domestic Sewage during Long-term Monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2009.28.2.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Seo DC, Jang BI, Jo IS, Lim SC, Lee HJ, Cho JS, Kim HC, Heo JS. Selection of Optimum Water Plant in Constructed Wetland by Natural Purification Method for Municipal Sewage Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2006.25.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abstract
The monitoring of chemical properties, including heavy metals, in soils is necessary if better management and remediation practices are to be established for polluted soils. The National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology initiated a monitoring study that investigated fertility and heavy metal contents of the benchmarked soils. The study covered paddy soils, upland soils, and horticultural soils in the plastic film houses, and orchard soils throughout the Korea from 1990 to 1998. Likewise, 4047 samples of paddy and 2534 samples of plastic house in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed through the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Soil chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, available phosphate and extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, and heavy metal contents such as cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, and cobalt contents were analyzed. The study showed that the average contents of organic matter, available phosphate, and extractable potassium rapidly increased in plastic house soils than in upland or paddy soils. Two kinds of fertilizer recommendation systems were established for the study: the standard levels by national soil average data for 77 crops and the recommendation by soil test for 70 crops. Standard nitrogen fertilizer application levels for cereal crops changed from 94 kg/ha in 1960s, 99 kg/ha in 1970s, 110 kg/ha in 1980s to 90 kg/ha in 1990s. The K2O-fertilizer also changed from 67 kg/ha in 1960s, 76 kg/ha in 1970s, 92 kg/ha in 1980s, and only 44 kg/ha in 1990s. In rice paddy fields, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in surface soils (0-15 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg(-1) (ranged from 0 to 1.01), 4.70 mg kg(-1) (0-41.59), 4.84 mg kg(-1) (0-66.44), and 4.47 mg kg(-1) (0-96.70), respectively. In the uplands, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in surface soils (0-15 cm depth) were 0.135 mg kg(-1) (ranged from 0 to 0.660), 2.77 mg kg(-1) (0.07-78.24), 3.47 mg kg(-1) (0-43.00), 10.70 mg kg(-1) (0.30-65.10), and 0.57 mg kg(-1) (0.21-2.90), respectively. In plastic film houses, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in surface soil were 0.12 mg kg(-1) (ranging from 0 to 1.28), 4.82 mg kg(-1) (0-46.50), 2.68 mg kg(-1) (0-46.50), 31.19 mg kg(-1) (0.19-252.0), and 0.36 mg kg(-1) (0-4.98), respectively. In orchard fields, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg in surface soils (0-20 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg(-1) (ranged from 0-0.49), 3.62 mg kg(-1) (0.03-45.30), 2.30 mg kg(-1) (0-27.80), 16.60 mg kg(-1) (0.33-105.50), 0.44 mg kg(-1) (0-4.14), and 0.05 mg kg(-1) (0.01-0.54), respectively. For polluted soils with over the warning content levels of heavy metals, fine red earth application, land reconsolidation and soil amelioration such as lime, phosphate, organic manure, and submerging were recommended. For the countermeasure areas, cultivation of non-edible crops such as garden trees, flowers, and fiber crops; land reformation; and heavy application of fine red earth (up to 30 cm) were strongly recommended. Land use techniques should be changed to be harmonious with the environment to increase yield and income. Soil function characteristics should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Jo
- National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, 249, Seodundong Gweonseongu Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea.
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