1
|
Widder A, Backhaus J, Wierlemann A, Hering I, Flemming S, Hankir M, Germer CT, Wiegering A, Lock JF, König S, Seyfried F. Optimizing laparoscopic training efficacy by 'deconstruction into key steps': a randomized controlled trial with novice medical students. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:8726-8736. [PMID: 35851816 PMCID: PMC9652220 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulator training is an effective way of acquiring laparoscopic skills but there remains a need to optimize teaching methods to accelerate learning. We evaluated the effect of the mental exercise 'deconstruction into key steps' (DIKS) on the time required to acquire laparoscopic skills. METHODS A randomized controlled trial with undergraduate medical students was implemented into a structured curricular laparoscopic training course. The intervention group (IG) was trained using the DIKS approach, while the control group (CG) underwent the standard course. Laparoscopic performance of all participants was video-recorded at baseline (t0), after the first session (t1) and after the second session (t2) nine days later. Two double-blinded raters assessed the videos. The Impact of potential covariates on performance (gender, age, prior laparoscopic experience, self-assessed motivation and self-assessed dexterity) was evaluated with a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Both the IG (n = 58) and the CG (n = 68) improved their performance after each training session (p < 0.001) but with notable differences between sessions. Whereas the CG significantly improved their performance from t0 -t1 (p < 0.05), DIKS shortened practical exercise time by 58% so that the IG outperformed the CG from t1 -t2, (p < 0.05). High self-assessed motivation and dexterity associated with significantly better performance (p < 0.05). Male participants demonstrated significantly higher overall performance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Mental exercises like DIKS can improve laparoscopic performance and shorten practice times. Given the limited exposure of surgical residents to simulator training, implementation of mental exercises like DIKS is highly recommended. Gender, self-assessed dexterity, and motivation all appreciably influence performance in laparoscopic training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Widder
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - A Wierlemann
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Hering
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Flemming
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Hankir
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C-T Germer
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J F Lock
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Seyfried
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplant-, Vascular- and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine (ZOM), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hering I, Le DT, von Mikecz A. How to keep up with the analysis of classic and emerging neurotoxins: Age-resolved fitness tests in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans - a step-by-step protocol. EXCLI J 2022; 21:344-353. [PMID: 35391920 PMCID: PMC8983854 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The global chemical inventory includes neurotoxins that are mostly interrogated concerning the biological response in developing organisms. Effects of pollutants on adults receive less attention, although vulnerabilities can be expected throughout the entire life span in young, middle-aged and old individuals. We use the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans to systematically quantify neurological outcomes by application of an age-resolved method. Adult hermaphrodite worms were exposed to pollutants or non-chemical stressors such as temperature in liquid culture on microtiter plates and locomotion fitness was analyzed in a whole-life approach. Cultivation at 15, 20 or 25 °C showed that worms held at 15 °C displayed an enhanced level of fitness concerning swimming movements until middle age (11-days-old) and then a decline. In contrast, C. elegans cultivated at ≥ 20 °C continually reduced their swimming movements with increasing age. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol to investigate the health span of adult C. elegans that may serve as a platform for automation and data collection. Consistent with this, more neurotoxins can be investigated with respect to vulnerable age-groups as well as contributing non-chemical environmental factors such as temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine
| | - Dang Tri Le
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Parnham MJ, Weiler M, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli AE, Modh H, Heng PWS, Böhmer W, Schäfers C, Fenske M, Wacker MG. Microparticle formulations alter the toxicity of fenofibrate to the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 234:105798. [PMID: 33799113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients are released into the environment and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Drug products using micro- and nanoparticle technology can lower these emissions into the environment by their increased bioavailability to the human patients. However, due to this enhanced efficacy, micro- and nanoscale drug delivery systems can potentially display an even higher toxicity, and thus also pose a risk to non-target organisms. Fenofibrate is a lipid-regulating agent and exhibits species-related hazards in fish. The ecotoxic effects of a fenofibrate formulation embedded into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose microparticle matrix, as well as those of the excipients used in the formulation process, were evaluated. To compare the effects of fenofibrate without a formulation, fenofibrate was dispersed in diluted ISO water alone or dissolved in the solvent DMF and then added to diluted ISO water. The effects of these various treatments were assessed using the fish embryo toxicity test, acridine orange staining and gene expression analysis assessed by quantitative RT polymerase chain reaction. Exposure concentrations were assessed by chemical analysis. The effect threshold concentrations of fenofibrate microparticle precipitates were higher compared to the formulation. Fenofibrate dispersed in 20%-ISO-water displayed the lowest toxicity. For the fenofibrate formulation as well as for fenofibrate added as a DMF solution, greater ecotoxic effects were observed in the zebrafish embryos. The chemical analysis of the solutions revealed that more fenofibrate was present in the samples with the fenofibrate formulation as well as fenofibrate added as a DMF solution compared to fenofibrate dispersed in diluted ISO water. This could explain the higher ecotoxicity. The toxic effects on the zebrafish embryo thus suggested that the formulation as well as the solvent increased the bioavailability of fenofibrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marc Weiler
- MyBiotech GmbH, Industriestraße 1B, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | | | | | - Harshvardhan Modh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul W S Heng
- National University of Singapore, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Wet Science Building (S9), 5 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jung F, Thurn M, Krollik K, Gao GF, Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Emara Y, Weiler M, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli E, Parnham MJ, Wacker MG. Predicting the environmental emissions arising from conventional and nanotechnology-related pharmaceutical drug products. Environ Res 2021; 192:110219. [PMID: 32980299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Today, environmental pollution with pharmaceutical drugs and their metabolites poses a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. Active substances such as fenofibrate, are processed to pharmaceutical drug formulations before they are degraded by the human body and released into the wastewater. Compared to the conventional product Lipidil® 200, the pharmaceutical product Lipidil 145 One® and Ecocaps take advantage of nanotechnology to improve uptake and bioavailability of the drug in humans. In the present approach, a combination of in vitro drug release studies and physiologically-based biopharmaceutics modeling was applied to calculate the emission of three formulations of fenofibrate (Lipidil® 200, Lipidil 145 One®, Ecocaps) into the environment. Special attention was paid to the metabolized and non-metabolized fractions and their individual toxicity, as well as to the emission of nanomaterials. The fish embryo toxicity test revealed a lower aquatic toxicity for the metabolite fenofibric acid and therefore an improved toxicity profile. When using the microparticle formulation Lipidil® 200, an amount of 126 mg of non-metabolized fenofibrate was emitted to the environment. Less than 0.05% of the particles were in the lower nanosize range. For the nanotechnology-related product Lipidil 145 One®, the total drug emission was reduced by 27.5% with a nanomaterial fraction of approximately 0.5%. In comparison, the formulation prototype Ecocaps reduced the emission of fenofibrate by 42.5% without any nanomaterials entering the environment. In a streamlined life cycle assessment, the lowered dose in combination with a lowered drug-to-metabolite ratio observed for Ecocaps led to a reduction of the full life cycle impacts of fenofibrate with a reduction of 18% reduction in the global warming potential, 61% in ecotoxicity, and 15% in human toxicity. The integrated environmental assessment framework highlights the outstanding potential of advanced modeling technologies to determine environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals during early drug development using preclinical in vitro data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jung
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | - Manuela Thurn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Krollik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | - Ge Fiona Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | - Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Yasmine Emara
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Weiler
- MyBiotech GmbH, Industriestraße 1b, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | | | - Emre Türeli
- MyBiotech GmbH, Industriestraße 1b, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flemming S, Hankir M, Hering I, Meybohm P, Krone M, Weissbrich B, Germer CT, Wiegering A. Abdominal fluid samples (negative for SARS-CoV-2) from a critically unwell patient with respiratory COVID-19. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e259-e260. [PMID: 32452530 PMCID: PMC7283889 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Flemming
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - I Hering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - P Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Krone
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - B Weissbrich
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hering I, Eilebrecht E, Parnham MJ, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli AE, Weiler M, Schäfers C, Fenske M, Wacker MG. Evaluation of potential environmental toxicity of polymeric nanomaterials and surfactants. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 76:103353. [PMID: 32086102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained huge importance in various fields including nanomedicine. Nanoformulations of drugs and nanocarriers are used to increase pharmaceutical potency. However, it was seen that polymeric nanomaterials can cause negative effects. Thus, it is essential to identify nanomaterials with the least adverse effects on aquatic organisms. To determine the toxicity of polymeric nanomaterials, we investigated the effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolid) acid (PLGA), Eudragit® E 100 and hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) on zebrafish embryos using the fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Furthermore, we studied Cremophor® RH40, Cremophor® A25, Pluronic® F127 and Pluronic® F68 applied in the generation of nanoformulations to identify the surfactant with minimal toxic impact. The order of ecotoxicty was HPMCP < PLGA < Eudragit® E100 and Pluronic® F68 < Pluronic® F127 < Cremophor® RH40 < Cremophor® A25. In summary, HPMCP and Pluronic® F68 displayed the least toxic impact, thus suggesting adequate environmental compatibility for the generation of nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Hering
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Weiler
- MJR, PharmJet GmbH, 66802, Überherrn, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, 65926, Frankfurt, Main, Germany.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hering I, Hilgenberg F, Honkomp J. [Arteriovenous fistula of the external carotid artery]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd (1902) 1972; 120:47-51. [PMID: 4259571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Féaux de Lacroix W, Mennicken U, Hering I, Fischer R. [Ivemark's syndrome (spleen agenesia-syndrome)]. Med Welt 1971; 27:1109-12. [PMID: 5559660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|