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López-Soldado I, Torres AG, Ventura R, Martínez-Ruiz I, Díaz-Ramos A, Planet E, Cooper D, Pazderska A, Wanic K, O'Hanlon D, O'Gorman DJ, Carbonell T, de Pouplana LR, Nolan JJ, Zorzano A, Hernández-Alvarez MI. Decreased expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases causes downregulation of OXPHOS subunits in type 2 diabetic muscle. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102630. [PMID: 36796135 PMCID: PMC9958393 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The skeletal muscle (SKM) is one of the most important tissues involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis and substrate oxidation, and it undergoes insulin resistance in T2D. In this study, we identify the existence of alterations in the expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in skeletal muscle from two different forms of T2D: early-onset type 2 diabetes (YT2) (onset of the disease before 30 years of age) and the classical form of the disease (OT2). GSEA analysis from microarray studies revealed the repression of mitochondrial mt-aaRSs independently of age, which was validated by real-time PCR assays. In agreement with this, a reduced expression of several encoding mt-aaRSs was also detected in skeletal muscle from diabetic (db/db) mice but not in obese ob/ob mice. In addition, the expression of the mt-aaRSs proteins most relevant in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, threonyl-tRNA, and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (TARS2 and LARS2) were also repressed in muscle from db/db mice. It is likely that these alterations participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in the mitochondria detected in db/db mice. We also document an increased iNOS abundance in mitochondrial-enriched muscle fractions from diabetic mice that may inhibit aminoacylation of TARS2 and LARS2 by nitrosative stress. Our results indicate a reduced expression of mt-aaRSs in skeletal muscle from T2D patients, which may participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in mitochondria. An enhanced mitochondrial iNOS could play a regulatory role in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Gabriel Torres
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Ventura
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inma Martínez-Ruiz
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Díaz-Ramos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diane Cooper
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, 3U Diabetes Partnership & School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Krzysztof Wanic
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan O'Hanlon
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, 3U Diabetes Partnership & School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John J Nolan
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Ventura R, Martínez-Ruiz I, Hernández-Alvarez MI. Phospholipid Membrane Transport and Associated Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051201. [PMID: 35625937 PMCID: PMC9138374 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are the basic structure block of eukaryotic membranes, in both the outer and inner membranes, which delimit cell organelles. Phospholipids can also be damaged by oxidative stress produced by mitochondria, for instance, becoming oxidized phospholipids. These damaged phospholipids have been related to prevalent diseases such as atherosclerosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) because they alter gene expression and induce cellular stress and apoptosis. One of the main sites of phospholipid synthesis is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER association with other organelles through membrane contact sites (MCS) provides a close apposition for lipid transport. Additionally, an important advance in this small cytosolic gap are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), which accelerate and modulate the distribution of phospholipids in other organelles. In this regard, LTPs can be established as an essential point within phospholipid circulation, as relevant data show impaired phospholipid transport when LTPs are defected. This review will focus on phospholipid function, metabolism, non-vesicular transport, and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ventura
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.V.); (I.M.-R.)
| | - Inma Martínez-Ruiz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.V.); (I.M.-R.)
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.V.); (I.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IBUB Universitat de Barcelona—Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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