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Pleguezuelos E, Sánchez-Nuño S, Del Carmen A, Serra-Payá N, Moreno E, Molina-Raya L, Robleda G, Benet M, Santos-Ruiz S, Garrido AB, Jerez-Molina C, Miravitlles M, Serra-Prat M, Viñals X, Farrés MG, Carbonell T, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Effect of different types of supervised exercise programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, pain, fatigue, mental health and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae "EJerSA-COVID-19": a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:865. [PMID: 38102536 PMCID: PMC10724883 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with COVID-19 present the so-called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 such as fatigue, post-stress discomfort, dyspnea, headache, pain mental impairment, incapacity to perform daily physical tasks ant exercise intolerance. This study aims to investigate the effects of different exercise programs on physical and mental fitness, physical condition and biomarkers of the immune system and oxidative stress in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae. METHODS The sample will be made up of 120 eligible participants, over the age of 60 years who have had COVID-19 disease and are survivors and present persistent COVID-19 symptomatology diagnosed by the corresponding physician. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental groups: supervised endurance group (SEG, n = 30), supervised strength group (SSG, n = 30), supervised concurrent group (SCG, n = 30), which will perform the corresponding exercise program 3 days a week compared to the control group (CG, n = 30), which will not carry out a supervised exercise program. The design of this project will include measurements of four relevant dimensions; 1) Cardiorespiratory fitness; 2) Muscle fitness; 3) Pain and mental health; and 4) Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will provide insights into the effects of different exercise programs on physical and mental fitness, physical condition and biomarkers of the immune system and oxidative stress in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae. These findings may be the basis for the formulation of health plans and rehabilitation programs that allow healthy aging and a reduction in the associated morbidity in patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05848518. Registered on May 8, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y Sanitarias. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amin Del Carmen
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Serra-Payá
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Moreno
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General de Hospitalet, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Molina-Raya
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Robleda
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Benet
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Santos-Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainoa Biurrun Garrido
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Jerez-Molina
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitari Vall d'HebronVall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Campus Hospital Barcelona, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateu Serra-Prat
- Unidad de InvestigaciónConsorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Viñals
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Girabent Farrés
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel V Garnacho-Castaño
- Grupo de Investigación DAFNiS (Dolor, Actividad Física, Nutrición y Salud), Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Sant, C. de Sta. Benito Menni, 18-20, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002, Valencia, Spain.
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López-Soldado I, Torres AG, Ventura R, Martínez-Ruiz I, Díaz-Ramos A, Planet E, Cooper D, Pazderska A, Wanic K, O'Hanlon D, O'Gorman DJ, Carbonell T, de Pouplana LR, Nolan JJ, Zorzano A, Hernández-Alvarez MI. Decreased expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases causes downregulation of OXPHOS subunits in type 2 diabetic muscle. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102630. [PMID: 36796135 PMCID: PMC9958393 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The skeletal muscle (SKM) is one of the most important tissues involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis and substrate oxidation, and it undergoes insulin resistance in T2D. In this study, we identify the existence of alterations in the expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in skeletal muscle from two different forms of T2D: early-onset type 2 diabetes (YT2) (onset of the disease before 30 years of age) and the classical form of the disease (OT2). GSEA analysis from microarray studies revealed the repression of mitochondrial mt-aaRSs independently of age, which was validated by real-time PCR assays. In agreement with this, a reduced expression of several encoding mt-aaRSs was also detected in skeletal muscle from diabetic (db/db) mice but not in obese ob/ob mice. In addition, the expression of the mt-aaRSs proteins most relevant in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, threonyl-tRNA, and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (TARS2 and LARS2) were also repressed in muscle from db/db mice. It is likely that these alterations participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in the mitochondria detected in db/db mice. We also document an increased iNOS abundance in mitochondrial-enriched muscle fractions from diabetic mice that may inhibit aminoacylation of TARS2 and LARS2 by nitrosative stress. Our results indicate a reduced expression of mt-aaRSs in skeletal muscle from T2D patients, which may participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in mitochondria. An enhanced mitochondrial iNOS could play a regulatory role in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana López-Soldado
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Gabriel Torres
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Ventura
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inma Martínez-Ruiz
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Díaz-Ramos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diane Cooper
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, 3U Diabetes Partnership & School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Krzysztof Wanic
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan O'Hanlon
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, 3U Diabetes Partnership & School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John J Nolan
- Metabolic Research Unit, St James's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biología, 08028, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Moreira-Reis A, Maté-Muñoz JL, Hernández-Lougedo J, García-Fernández P, Heredia-Elvar JR, Pleguezuelos E, Carbonell T, Alva N, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Similar Slow Component of Oxygen Uptake and Ventilatory Efficiency between an Aerobic Dance Session on an Air Dissipation Platform and a Constant-Load Treadmill Test in Healthy Women. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11111646. [PMID: 36358347 PMCID: PMC9687828 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence about the slow component of oxygen consumption (V.O2sc) and ventilatory efficiency (slope VE·VCO2−1) during an aerobic dance (AD) session on an air dissipation platform (ADP) despite the key role played in endurance exercises. This research was designed to assess V.O2sc, ventilatory efficiency, and blood lactate concentration by comparing two exercise modes: AD session on an ADP versus treadmill test at a constant-load intensity of the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). In the first session, an incremental treadmill test was completed. In sessions 2 and 3, the participants were randomly assigned to the AD session on an ADP or to a treadmill constant-load test at VT1 intensity to determine their cardioventilatory responses. In addition, their blood lactate levels and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10) were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the constant-load treadmill test and AD session on an ADP with respect to V.O2sc, VE VCO2−1 slope, and RPE (p > 0.05). Higher blood lactate concentrations were observed in an AD session on an ADP than in a constant-load treadmill test at 10 min (p = 0.003) and 20 min (p < 0.001). The two different exercise modalities showed similar V.O2sc and VE·VCO2−1 slope, even though the blood lactate concentrations were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moreira-Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-606-27-5392
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4
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Moreira-Reis A, Maté-Muñoz JL, Hernández-Lougedo J, Vilches-Sáez S, Benet M, García-Fernández P, Pleguezuelos E, Carbonell T, Alva N, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Aerobic Dance on an Air Dissipation Platform Improves Cardiorespiratory, Muscular and Cellular Fitness in the Overweight and Obese Elderly. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11040579. [PMID: 35453778 PMCID: PMC9031850 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global health problem associated with a high number of comorbidities that decrease functional capacity, especially in elderly people. Aerobic dance is considered a viable strategy to prevent the effects of aging, mainly in obese and overweight elderly people. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic dance on an air dissipation platform (ADP) on body composition, oxidative stress and muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly people. Methods: In total, 32 elderly adults (67.1 ± 3.6) were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index: healthy (HG), overweight (OWG) and obese (OG). Training program of aerobic dance on an ADP was carried out twice a week for 12 weeks. Results: OWG (p = 0.016) and OG decreased their weight (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde concentrations in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). OWG and OG significantly improved their peak oxygen uptake (p < 0.01). HG increased the vertical jump height (p < 0.05), and HG and OG improved the power output of the lower extremities (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The aerobic dance on an ADP may be an effective alternative to lose weight, prevent oxidative stress and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in obese and overweight elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moreira-Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.M.-M.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sergio Vilches-Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Marta Benet
- Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.M.-M.); (P.G.-F.)
- IdISSC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
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Bardallo RG, Company-Marin I, Folch-Puy E, Roselló-Catafau J, Panisello-Rosello A, Carbonell T. PEG35 and Glutathione Improve Mitochondrial Function and Reduce Oxidative Stress in Cold Fatty Liver Graft Preservation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010158. [PMID: 35052662 PMCID: PMC8772919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to meet the demand for transplants entails the use of steatotic livers, more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Therefore, finding the optimal composition of static cold storage (SCS) preservation solutions is crucial. Given that ROS regulation is a therapeutic strategy for liver IR injury, we have added increasing concentrations of PEG35 and glutathione (GSH) to the preservation solutions (IGL-1 and IGL-2) and evaluated the possible protection against energy depletion and oxidative stress. Fatty livers from obese Zücker rats were isolated and randomly distributed in the control (Sham) preserved (24 h at 4 °C) in IGL-0 (without PEG35 and 3 mmol/L GSH), IGL-1 (1 g/L PEG35, and 3 mmol/L GSH), and IGL-2 (5 g/L PEG35 and 9 mmol/L GSH). Energy metabolites (ATP and succinate) and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes (OXPHOS) were determined. Mitochondrial carrier uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the inflammasome (NLRP3) expressions were analyzed. As biomarkers of oxidative stress, protein oxidation (AOPP) and carbonylation (DNP derivatives), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)–thiobarbituric acid (TBA) adducts) were measured. In addition, the reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and enzymatic (Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, GSH S-T, GSH-Px, and GSH-R) antioxidant capacities were determined. Our results showed that the cold preservation of fatty liver graft depleted ATP, accumulated succinate and increased oxidative stress. In contrast, the preservation with IGL-2 solution maintained ATP production, decreased succinate levels and increased OXPHOS complexes I and II, UCP2, and PINK-1 expression, therefore maintaining mitochondrial integrity. IGL-2 also protected against oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and GSH levels. Therefore, the presence of PEG35 in storage solutions may be a valuable option as an antioxidant agent for organ preservation in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Bardallo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Idoia Company-Marin
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.F.-P.); (J.R.-C.); (A.P.-R.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.F.-P.); (J.R.-C.); (A.P.-R.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello-Rosello
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.F.-P.); (J.R.-C.); (A.P.-R.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (I.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Bardallo RG, Panisello‐Roselló A, Sanchez‐Nuno S, Alva N, Roselló‐Catafau J, Carbonell T. Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress in liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. FEBS J 2021; 289:5463-5479. [PMID: 34967991 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Bardallo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello‐Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) CSIC‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Sergio Sanchez‐Nuno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Roselló‐Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) CSIC‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
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7
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Da Silva RT, Bardallo RG, Folch-Puy E, Carbonell T, Palmeira CM, Fondevila C, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J, Panisello-Roselló A. IGL-2 as a Unique Solution for Cold Static Preservation and Machine Perfusion in Liver and Mitochondrial Protection. Transplant Proc 2021; 54:73-76. [PMID: 34893354 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothermic static cold storage and machine perfusion strategies remain the clinical standard of care for liver graft preservation. Recently, the protection of the mitochondrial function and the energetic levels derived from it has emerged as one of the key points for organ preservation. However, the complex interactions between liver mitochondrial protection and its relation with the use of solutions/perfusates has been poorly investigated. The use of an alternative IGL-2 solution to Belzer MPS one for hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE), as well as in static cold storage, introduce a new kind of perfusate to be used for liver grafts subjected to HOPE strategies, either alone or in combination with hypothermic static preservation strategies. IGL-2 not only protected mitochondrial integrity, but also avoided the mixture of different solutions/perfusates reducing. Thus, the operational logistics and times prior to transplantation, a critical factor when suboptimal organs such as donation after circulatory death or steatotic ones, are used for transplantation. The future challenges in graft preservation will go through (1) the improvement of the mitochondrial status and its energetic status during the ischemia and (2) the development of strategies to reduce ischemic times at low temperatures, which should translate in a better transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Teixeira Da Silva
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel G Bardallo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - René Adam
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, (AR) Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Université Par-is-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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8
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Bardallo RG, da Silva RT, Carbonell T, Folch-Puy E, Palmeira C, Roselló-Catafau J, Pirenne J, Adam R, Panisello-Roselló A. Role of PEG35, Mitochondrial ALDH2, and Glutathione in Cold Fatty Liver Graft Preservation: An IGL-2 Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105332. [PMID: 34069402 PMCID: PMC8158782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The total damage inflicted on the liver before transplantation is associated with several surgical manipulations, such as organ recovery, washout of the graft, cold conservation in organ preservation solutions (UW, Celsior, HTK, IGL-1), and rinsing of the organ before implantation. Polyethylene glycol 35 (PEG35) is the oncotic agent present in the IGL-1 solution, which is an alternative to UW and Celsior solutions in liver clinical transplantation. In a model of cold preservation in rats (4 °C; 24 h), we evaluated the effects induced by PEG35 on detoxifying enzymes and nitric oxide, comparing IGL-1 to IGL-0 (which is the same as IGL-1 without PEG). The benefits were also assessed in a new IGL-2 solution characterized by increased concentrations of PEG35 (from 1 g/L to 5 g/L) and glutathione (from 3 mmol/L to 9 mmol/L) compared to IGL-1. We demonstrated that PEG35 promoted the mitochondrial enzyme ALDH2, and in combination with glutathione, prevented the formation of toxic aldehyde adducts (measured as 4-hydroxynonenal) and oxidized proteins (AOPP). In addition, PEG35 promoted the vasodilator factor nitric oxide, which may improve the microcirculatory disturbances in steatotic grafts during preservation and revascularization. All of these results lead to a reduction in damage inflicted on the fatty liver graft during the cold storage preservation. In this communication, we report on the benefits of IGL-2 in hypothermic static preservation, which has already been proved to confer benefits in hypothermic oxygenated dynamic preservation. Hence, the data reported here reinforce the fact that IGL-2 is a suitable alternative to be used as a unique solution/perfusate when hypothermic static and preservation strategies are used, either separately or combined, easing the logistics and avoiding the mixture of different solutions/perfusates, especially when fatty liver grafts are used. Further research regarding new therapeutic and pharmacological insights is needed to explore the underlying mitochondrial mechanisms exerted by PEG35 in static and dynamic graft preservation strategies for clinical liver transplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Bardallo
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.); (A.P.-R.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rui Teixeira da Silva
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.); (A.P.-R.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.); (A.P.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - René Adam
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, UR, Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, 91190 Paris, France;
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.B.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.); (A.P.-R.)
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9
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Coimbra-Costa D, Garzón F, Alva N, Pinto TCC, Aguado F, Torrella JR, Carbonell T, Rama R. Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxic Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection by Increasing Antioxidant Activity, Erythropoietin Expression and Preventing Apoptosis and Astrogliosis in the Brain of Adult Rats Exposed to Acute Severe Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105272. [PMID: 34067817 PMCID: PMC8156215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for hypoxic preconditioning, preventing damage to cells and demonstrating therapeutic benefits. We aimed to evaluate the effects of respiratory intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) to avoid brain injury caused by exposure to acute severe hypoxia (ASH). Methods: biomarkers of oxidative damage, mitochondrial apoptosis, and transcriptional factors in response to hypoxia were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in brain tissue. Four groups of rats were used: (1) normoxic (NOR), (2) exposed to ASH (FiO2 7% for 6 h), (3) exposed to IHH for 3 h per day over 8 days at 460 mmHg, and (4) ASH preconditioned after IHH. Results: ASH animals underwent increased oxidative-stress-related parameters, an upregulation in apoptotic proteins and had astrocytes with phenotype forms compatible with severe diffuse reactive astrogliosis. These effects were attenuated and even prevented when the animals were preconditioned with IHH. These changes paralleled the inhibition of NF-κB expression and the increase of erythropoietin (EPO) levels in the brain. Conclusions: IHH exerted neuroprotection against ASH-induced oxidative injury by preventing oxidative stress and inhibiting the apoptotic cascade, which was associated with NF-κB downregulation and EPO upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Coimbra-Costa
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Fernando Garzón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Tiago C. C. Pinto
- Department of Neurophychiatry and Behavioural Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, 186-298, Cidade Universitaria, Recife 50740-600, PE, Brazil;
| | - Fernando Aguado
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-530; Fax: +34-934-110-358
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Ramón Rama
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (F.G.); (N.A.); (F.A.); (T.C.); (R.R.)
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10
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Garnacho-Castaño MV, Albesa-Albiol L, Serra-Payá N, Gomis Bataller M, Pleguezuelos Cobo E, Guirao Cano L, Guodemar-Pérez J, Carbonell T, Domínguez R, Maté-Muñoz JL. Oxygen Uptake Slow Component and the Efficiency of Resistance Exercises. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1014-1022. [PMID: 30335719 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Garnacho-Castaño, MV, Albesa-Albiol, L, Serra-Payá, N, Gomis Bataller, M, Pleguezuelos Cobo, E, Guirao Cano, L, Guodemar-Pérez, J, Carbonell, T, Domínguez, R, and Maté-Muñoz, JL. Oxygen uptake slow component and the efficiency of resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1014-1022, 2021-This study aimed to evaluate oxygen uptake slow component (V̇o2sc) and mechanical economy/efficiency in half squat (HS) exercise during constant-load tests conducted at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Nineteen healthy young men completed 3 HS exercise tests separated by 48-hour rest periods: 1 repetition maximum (1RM), incremental-load HS test to establish the %1RM corresponding to the LT, and constant-load HS test at the LT. During the last test, cardiorespiratory, lactate, and mechanical responses were monitored. Fatigue in the lower limbs was assessed before and after the constant-load test using a countermovement jump test. A slight and sustained increase of the V̇o2sc and energy expended (EE) was observed (p < 0.001). In blood lactate, no differences were observed between set 3 to set 21 (p > 0.05). A slight and sustained decrease of half squat efficiency and gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was detected (p < 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between V̇o2 and GME (r = -0.93, p < 0.001). Inverse correlations were detected between EE and GME (r = -0.94, p < 0.001). Significant losses were observed in jump height ability and in mean power output (p < 0.001) in response to the constant-load HS test. In conclusion, V̇o2sc and EE tended to rise slowly during constant-load HS exercise testing. This slight increase was associated with lowered efficiency throughout constant-load test and a decrease in jump capacity after testing. These findings would allow to elucidate the underlying fatigue mechanisms produced by resistance exercises in a constant-load test at LT intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel V Garnacho-Castaño
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Albesa-Albiol
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Serra-Payá
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gomis Bataller
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos Cobo
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Mataró Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Guirao Cano
- GRI-AFIRS, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Mataró Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; and
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Serra-Payá N, Ruiz-Hermosel M, Berbell M, Viñals X, Bataller MG, Carbonell T, Vilches-Saez S, Cobo EP, Molina-Raya L. Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:56. [PMID: 33187518 PMCID: PMC7666517 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic, and mechanical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal physiological association between hormonal, metabolic and mechanical responses, and CF workouts performance after acute BJ intake. METHODS Twelve well-trained male practitioners undertook a CF workout after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~ 12.8 mmol NO3-) or placebo. The two experimental conditions (BJ or placebo) were administered using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The CF workout consisted of repeating the same exercise routine twice: Wall ball (WB) shots plus full back squat (FBS) with 3-min rest (1st routine) or without rest (2nd routine) between the two exercises. A 3-min rest was established between the two exercise routines. RESULTS An interaction effect was observed in the number of repetitions performed (p = 0.04). The Bonferroni test determined a higher number of repetitions after BJ than placebo intake when a 3-min rest between WB and FBS (1st routine) was established (p = 0.007). An interaction effect was detected in cortisol response (p = 0.04). Cortisol showed a higher increase after BJ compared to placebo intake (76% vs. 36%, respectively). No interaction effect was observed in the testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found in oxygen saturation (p = 0.01). A greater oxygen saturation drop was observed in BJ compared to placebo (p < 0.05). An interaction effect was verified in muscular fatigue (p = 0.03) with a higher muscular fatigue being observed with BJ than placebo (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS BJ intake improved anaerobic performance only after the recovery time between exercises. This increase in performance in the first routine probably generated greater hypoxia in the muscle mass involved, possibly conditioning post-exercise performance. This was observed with a fall in oxygen saturation and in muscle fatigue measured at the end of the CF workout. The greatest perceived changes in cortisol levels after BJ intake could be attributed to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guillem Palau-Salvà
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Serra-Payá
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz-Hermosel
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Berbell
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Viñals
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gomis Bataller
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Vilches-Saez
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Panisello Rosello A, Teixeira da Silva R, Castro C, G. Bardallo R, Calvo M, Folch-Puy E, Carbonell T, Palmeira C, Roselló Catafau J, Adam R. Polyethylene Glycol 35 as a Perfusate Additive for Mitochondrial and Glycocalyx Protection in HOPE Liver Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5703. [PMID: 32784882 PMCID: PMC7461048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a multifactorial process in which proper graft preservation is a mandatory step for the success of the transplantation. Hypothermic preservation of abdominal organs is mostly based on the use of several commercial solutions, including UW, Celsior, HTK and IGL-1. The presence of the oncotic agents HES (in UW) and PEG35 (in IGL-1) characterize both solution compositions, while HTK and Celsior do not contain any type of oncotic agent. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are non-immunogenic, non-toxic and water-soluble polymers, which present a combination of properties of particular interest in the clinical context of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI): they limit edema and nitric oxide induction and modulate immunogenicity. Besides static cold storage (SCS), there are other strategies to preserve the organ, such as the use of machine perfusion (MP) in dynamic preservation strategies, which increase graft function and survival as compared to the conventional static hypothermic preservation. Here we report some considerations about using PEG35 as a component of perfusates for MP strategies (such as hypothermic oxygenated perfusion, HOPE) and its benefits for liver graft preservation. Improved liver preservation is closely related to mitochondria integrity, making this organelle a good target to increase graft viability, especially in marginal organs (e.g., steatotic livers). The final goal is to increase the pool of suitable organs, and thereby shorten patient waiting lists, a crucial problem in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Panisello Rosello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.P.R.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.)
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Rui Teixeira da Silva
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.P.R.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Castro
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Raquel G. Bardallo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (R.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Maria Calvo
- Serveis Cientifico Tècnics, 08036-Campus Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08919 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.P.R.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.)
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (R.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Joan Roselló Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.P.R.); (R.T.d.S.); (E.F.-P.)
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.C.); (R.A.)
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13
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Carbonell T, Gomes AV. MicroRNAs in the regulation of cellular redox status and its implications in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101607. [PMID: 32593128 PMCID: PMC7322687 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that do not encode for proteins and play key roles in the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are involved in a comprehensive range of biological processes such as cell cycle control, apoptosis, and several developmental and physiological processes. Oxidative stress can affect the expression levels of multiple miRNAs and, conversely, miRNAs may regulate the expression of redox sensors, alter critical components of the cellular antioxidants, interact with the proteasome, and affect DNA repair systems. The number of publications identifying redox-sensitive miRNAs has increased significantly over the last few years, and some miRNA targets such as Nrf2, SIRT1 and NF-κB have been identified. The complex interplay between miRNAs and ROS is discussed together with their role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the potential use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of myocardial infarction. Detailed knowledge of redox-sensitive miRNAs is needed to be able to effectively use individual compounds or sets of miRNA-modulating compounds to improve the health-related outcomes associated with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, 176 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Physiology, Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, 176 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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14
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Sánchez-Nuño S, Sanahuja I, Fernández-Alacid L, Ordóñez-Grande B, Carbonell T, Ibarz A. Oxidative attack during temperature fluctuation challenge compromises liver protein homeostasis of a temperate fish model. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 236:110311. [PMID: 31279671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in water temperature are a natural stressor of temperate fish that affect growth performance and metabolism globally. Gilthead sea bream is one of the most economically interesting species in the Mediterranean; but its liver metabolism is affected by the cold season. However, the effects of cold on protein turnover mechanisms have hardly been studied. Here, we study the relationship between liver oxidative status and protein homeostasis pathways during a 50-day low temperature period at 14 °C, and subsequent recovery at two times: 7 days (early recovery) and 30 days (late recovery). Liver redox status was determined by measuring oxidised lipids and proteins, the glutathione redox cycle and major antioxidant enzymes activities. Protein turnover was analysed via liver protein expression of HSP70 and HSP90; proteasome 26S subunits and polyubiquitination, as markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS); and cathepsin D, as a lysosomal protease. Low temperature exposure depressed antioxidant enzyme activities, affecting the glutathione redox cycle and reducing total glutathione levels. Both the UPS and lysosomal pathways were also depressed and consequently, oxidised protein accumulated in liver. Interestingly, both protein oxidation and polyubiquitination tagging depended on protein molecular weight. Despite all these alterations, temperature recovery reverted most consequences of the cold at different rates: with delayed recovery of total glutathione levels and oxidised protein degradation with respect to enzyme activities recovery. All these findings demonstrate that protein liver homeostasis is compromised after chronic cold exposure and could be the cause of liver affectations reported in aquaculture of temperate fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ordóñez-Grande
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Alva N, Panisello-Roselló A, Flores M, Roselló-Catafau J, Carbonell T. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and oxidative stress in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3521-3530. [PMID: 30131658 PMCID: PMC6102496 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major issue in organ transplantation is the development of a protocol that can preserve organs under optimal conditions. Damage to organs is commonly a consequence of flow deprivation and oxygen starvation following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI): a complex multifactorial process that causes cell damage. While the oxygen deprivation due to ischemia depletes cell energy, subsequent tissue oxygenation due to reperfusion induces many cascades, from reactive oxygen species production to apoptosis initiation. Autophagy has also been identified in the pathogenesis of IRI, although such alterations and their subsequent functional significance are controversial. Moreover, proteasome activation may be a relevant pathophysiological mechanism. Different strategies have been adopted to limit IRI damage, including the supplementation of commercial preservation media with pharmacological agents or additives. In this review, we focus on novel strategies related to the ubiquitin proteasome system and oxidative stress inhibition, which have been used to minimize damage in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Flores
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Panisello-Roselló A, Lopez A, Folch-Puy E, Carbonell T, Rolo A, Palmeira C, Adam R, Net M, Roselló-Catafau J. Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in ischemia reperfusion injury: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2984-2994. [PMID: 30038465 PMCID: PMC6054945 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. A growing body of research has shown that ALDH2 provides important protection against oxidative stress and the subsequent loading of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and adducts that occur in human diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). There is increasing evidence of its role in IRI pathophysiology in organs such as heart, brain, small intestine and kidney; however, surprisingly few studies have been carried out in the liver, where ALDH2 is found in abundance. This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Special emphasis is placed on the role of ALDH2 in different organs, on therapeutic “preconditioning” strategies, and on the use of ALDH2 agonists such as Alda-1, which may become a useful therapeutic tool for preventing the deleterious effects of IRI in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Centre Hepatobiliare, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 75008, France
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Anabela Rolo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hepatobiliare, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 75008, France
| | - Marc Net
- Institute Georges Lopez, Lissieu 69380, France
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Sánchez-Nuño S, Sanahuja I, Fernández-Alacid L, Ordóñez-Grande B, Fontanillas R, Fernández-Borràs J, Blasco J, Carbonell T, Ibarz A. Redox Challenge in a Cultured Temperate Marine Species During Low Temperature and Temperature Recovery. Front Physiol 2018; 9:923. [PMID: 30065660 PMCID: PMC6056653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing industry that is increasingly providing a sizable proportion of fishery products for human consumption. Dietary energy and temperature fluctuations affect fish health and may even trigger mortality, causing great losses in fish production during winter. To better understand this unproductive winter period in aquaculture, the redox status in a cultured marine species, the gilthead sea bream, was analyzed for the first time by inducing controlled temperature fluctuations and reducing dietary lipid content. Two groups of fish (by triplicate), differing in their dietary lipid content (18% vs. 14%), were subjected to 30 days at 22°C (Pre-Cold), 50 days at 14°C (Cold) and then 35 days at 22°C (Recovery). Plasma and liver redox metabolites (oxidized lipid, oxidized protein and thiol groups), liver glutathione forms (total, oxidized and reduced) and liver antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Reducing dietary lipid content did not affect gilthead sea bream growth, glutathione levels or enzyme activities, but did reduce the amount of oxidized lipids. A sustained low temperature of 14°C showed a lack of adaptation of antioxidant enzyme activities, mainly catalase and glutathione reductase, which subsequently affected the glutathione redox cycle and caused an acute reduction in total hepatic glutathione levels, irrespective of diet. Antioxidant enzyme activities were gradually restored to their pre-cold levels, but the glutathione redox cycle was not restored to its pre-cold values during the recovery period used. Moreover, the lower lipid diet was associated with transiently increased liver oxidized protein levels. Thus, we propose that fish should be fed a low lipid diet during pre-cold and cold periods, which would reduce oxidized lipid levels without affecting fish growth, and a higher energy diet during the recovery period. Moreover, diets supplemented with antioxidants should be considered, especially during temperature recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ordóñez-Grande
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Departament de Biologia Cel⋅Lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, Alva N, Carbonell T, Beas-Zarate C, Pallas M, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Evaluation of Neuropathological Effects of a High-Fat Diet in a Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Stage in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:233-51. [PMID: 27567882 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently an incurable aging-related neurodegenerative disorder. Recent studies give support to the hypotheses that AD should be considered as a metabolic disease. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between hippocampal neuropathological amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation and obesity at an early presymptomatic disease stage (3 months of age). For this purpose, we used APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) in order to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms involved in both disorders. The results showed that the hippocampus from APP/PS1 mice fed with a HFD had an early significant decrease in Aβ signaling pathway specifically in the insulin degrading enzyme protein levels, an enzyme involved in (Aβ) metabolism, and α-secretase. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of plaques in the hippocampus of these mice. Furthermore, APP/PS1 mice showed a significant hippocampal decrease in PGC-1α levels, a cofactor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. However, HFD does not provoke changes in neither insulin receptors gene expression nor enzymes involved in the signaling pathway. Moreover, there are no changes in any enzymes (kinases) involved in tau phosphorylation, such as CDK5, and neither in brain oxidative stress production. These results suggest that early changes in brains of APP/PS1 mice fed with a HFD are mediated by an increase in Aβ1 ‒ 42, which induces a decrease in PKA levels and alterations in the p-CREB/ NMDA2B /PGC1-α pathway, favoring early AD neuropathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Petrov
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pedrós
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, CIBO, IMSS, México.,Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, México
| | - Merce Pallas
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Institut de Neurociencias, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Panisello-Roselló A, Verde E, Lopez A, Flores M, Folch-Puy E, Rolo A, Palmeira C, Hotter G, Carbonell T, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Cytoprotective Mechanisms in Fatty Liver Preservation against Cold Ischemia Injury: A Comparison between IGL-1 and HTK. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020348. [PMID: 29364854 PMCID: PMC5855570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Institute Goeorges Lopez 1 (IGL-1) and Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solutions are regularly used in clinical for liver transplantation besides University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and Celsior. Several clinical trials and experimental works have been carried out comparing all the solutions, however the comparative IGL-1 and HTK appraisals are poor; especially when they deal with the underlying protection mechanisms of the fatty liver graft during cold storage. Fatty livers from male obese Zücker rats were conserved for 24 h at 4 °C in IGL-1 or HTK preservation solutions. After organ recovery and rinsing of fatty liver grafts with Ringer Lactate solution, we measured the changes in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation, liver autophagy markers (Beclin-1, Beclin-2, LC3B and ATG7) and apoptotic markers (caspase 3, caspase 9 and TUNEL). These determinations were correlated with the prevention of liver injury (aspartate and alanine aminostransferase (AST/ALT), histology) and mitochondrial damage (glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and confocal microscopy findings). Liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 solution showed a marked reduction on p-TOR/mTOR ratio when compared to HTK. This was concomitant with significant increased cyto-protective autophagy and prevention of liver apoptosis, including inflammatory cytokines such as HMGB1. Together, our results revealed that IGL-1 preservation solution better protected fatty liver grafts against cold ischemia damage than HTK solution. IGL-1 protection was associated with a reduced liver damage, higher induced autophagy and decreased apoptosis. All these effects would contribute to limit the subsequent extension of reperfusion injury after graft revascularization in liver transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eva Verde
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Marta Flores
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anabela Rolo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Georgina Hotter
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Zaouali MA, Panisello-Roselló A, Lopez A, Castro Benítez C, Folch-Puy E, García-Gil A, Carbonell T, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Relevance of proteolysis and proteasome activation in fatty liver graft preservation: An Institut Georges Lopez-1 vs University of Wisconsin appraisal. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4211-4221. [PMID: 28694661 PMCID: PMC5483495 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.
METHODS Fatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).
RESULTS Profiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.
CONCLUSION Our comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.
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Zaouali MA, Panisello A, Lopez A, Castro C, Folch E, Carbonell T, Rolo A, Palmeira CM, Garcia-Gil A, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. GSK3β and VDAC Involvement in ER Stress and Apoptosis Modulation during Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030591. [PMID: 28282906 PMCID: PMC5372607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in livers subjected to cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) associated with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Rat livers were preserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institute Georges Lopez (IGL-1) solution, the latter enriched or not with trimetazidine, and then subjected to OLT. Transaminase (ALT) and HMGB1 protein levels, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), and oxidative stress (MDA) were measured. The AKT protein kinase and its direct substrates, GSK3β and VDAC, as well as caspases 3, 9, and cytochrome C and reticulum endoplasmic stress-related proteins (GRP78, pPERK, ATF4, and CHOP), were determined by Western blot. IGL-1+TMZ significantly reduced liver injury. We also observed a significant phosphorylation of AKT, which in turn induced the phosphorylation and inhibition of GSK3β. In addition, TMZ protected the mitochondria since, in comparison with IGL-1 alone, we found reductions in VDAC phosphorylation, apoptosis, and GLDH release. All these results were correlated with decreased ER stress. Addition of TMZ to IGL-1 solution increased the tolerance of the liver graft to I/R injury through inhibition of GSK3β and VDAC, contributing to ER stress reduction and cell death prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Zaouali
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
- Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Arnau Panisello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris 94804, France.
| | - Carlos Castro
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris 94804, France.
| | - Emma Folch
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anabela Rolo
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Marques Palmeira
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| | | | - René Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-PH, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris 94804, France.
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain.
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Coimbra-Costa D, Alva N, Duran M, Carbonell T, Rama R. Oxidative stress and apoptosis after acute respiratory hypoxia and reoxygenation in rat brain. Redox Biol 2017; 12:216-225. [PMID: 28259102 PMCID: PMC5334548 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxia increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. However, the effect of reoxygenation, unavoidable to achieve full recovery of the hypoxic organ, has not been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposition to acute severe respiratory hypoxia followed by reoxygenation on the evolution of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain. We investigated the effect of in vivo acute severe normobaric hypoxia (rats exposed to 7% O2 for 6 h) and reoxygenation in normoxia (21% O2 for 24 h or 48 h) on oxidative stress markers, the antioxidant system and apoptosis in the brain. After respiratory hypoxia we found increased levels of HIF-1α expression, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and nitric oxide in brain extracts. Antioxidant defence systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in the brain. After 24 h of reoxygenation, oxidative stress parameters and the anti-oxidant system returned to control values. Regarding the apoptosis parameters, acute hypoxia increased cytochrome c, AIF and caspase 3 activity in the brain. The apoptotic effect is greatest after 24 h of reoxygenation. Immunohistochemistry suggests that CA3 and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus seem more susceptible to hypoxia than the cortex. Severe acute hypoxia increases oxidative damage, which in turn could activate apoptotic mechanisms. Our work is the first to demonstrate that after 24 h of reoxygenation oxidative stress is attenuated, while apoptosis is maintained mainly in the hippocampus, which may, in fact, be the cause of impaired brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Coimbra-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Rama
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Alva N, Alva R, Carbonell T. Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate: A Summary of Its Cytoprotective Mechanism. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:4396-4417. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666161014144250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pasut G, Panisello A, Folch-Puy E, Lopez A, Castro-Benítez C, Calvo M, Carbonell T, García-Gil A, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Polyethylene glycols: An effective strategy for limiting liver ischemia reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6501-6508. [PMID: 27605884 PMCID: PMC4968129 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inherent feature of liver surgery and liver transplantation in which damage to a hypoxic organ (ischemia) is exacerbated following the return of oxygen delivery (reperfusion). IRI is a major cause of primary non-function after transplantation and may lead to graft rejection, regardless of immunological considerations. The immediate response involves the disruption of cellular mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the accumulation of metabolic intermediates during the ischemic period, and oxidative stress during blood flow restoration. Moreover, a complex cascade of inflammatory mediators is generated during reperfusion, contributing to the extension of the damage and finally to organ failure. A variety of pharmacological interventions (antioxidants, anti-cytokines, etc.) have been proposed to alleviate graft injury but their usefulness is limited by the local and specific action of the drugs and by their potential undesirable toxic effects. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs), which are non-toxic water-soluble compounds approved by the FDA, have been widely used as a vehicle or a base in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also as adjuvants for ameliorating drug pharmacokinetics. Some PEGs are also currently used as additives in organ preservation solutions prior to transplantation in order to limit the damage associated with cold ischemia reperfusion. More recently, the administration of PEGs of different molecular weights by intravenous injection has emerged as a new therapeutic tool to protect liver grafts from IRI. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the use of PEGs as a useful target for limiting liver IRI.
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Garnacho-Castaño MV, Alva N, Sánchez-Nuño S, Bardallo RG, Palomeque J, Carbonell T. Hypothermia can reverse hepatic oxidative stress damage induced by hypoxia in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:615-623. [PMID: 27387890 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous findings demonstrated that hypothermia enhances the reduction potential in the liver and helps to maintain the plasmatic antioxidant pool. Here, we aimed to elucidate if hypothermia protects against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage in rat liver. Several hepatic markers of oxidative stress were compared in three groups of animals (n = 8 in each group): control normothermic group ventilated with room air and two groups under extreme hypoxia (breathing 10 % O2), one kept at normothermia (HN) (37 °C) and the other under deep hypothermia (HH) (central body temperature of 21-22 °C). Hypoxia in normothermia significantly increased the levels of hepatic nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, protein oxidation, Carbonilated proteins, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) protein adducts, and lipid peroxidation when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, when hypoxia was induced under hypothermia, results from the oxidative stress biomarker analyses did not differ significantly from those found in the control group. Indeed, 4-HNE protein adduct amounts were significantly lower in the HH versus HN group (p < 0.05). Therefore, hypothermia can mitigate hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage in rat liver. These effects could help clarify the mechanisms of action of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- TecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, College of Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), 08302, Mataró-Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel G Bardallo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Palomeque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave. (3rd floor), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Tuesta M, Alvear M, Carbonell T, García C, Guzmán-Venegas R, Araneda OF. Effect of exercise duration on pro-oxidants and pH in exhaled breath condensate in humans. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Carbonell T, Gomes AV. Dynamic regulation of the proteasome by systolic overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26219953 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Garcia de Olalla P, Molas E, Barberà MJ, Martín S, Arellano E, Gosch M, Saladie P, Carbonell T, Knobel H, Diez E, Caylà JA. Effectiveness of a pilot partner notification program for new HIV cases in Barcelona, Spain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121536. [PMID: 25849451 PMCID: PMC4388637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 30% of HIV cases in the European Union are not aware of their serological status. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a pilot HIV partner notification program. METHODS HIV cases diagnosed between January 2012 and June 2013 at two healthcare settings in Barcelona were invited to participate in a prospective survey. We identified process and outcome measures to evaluate this partner notification program, including the number of partners identified per interviewed index case, the proportion of partners tested for HIV as a result of the partner notification, and the proportion of new HIV diagnoses among their sex or needle-sharing partners. RESULTS Of the 125 index cases contacted, 108 (86.4%) agreed to provide information about partners. A total of 199 sexual partners were identified (1.8 partners per interviewed index case). HIV outcome was already known for 58 partners (70.7% were known to be HIV-positive), 141 partners were tested as result of partner notification, and 26 were newly diagnosed with HIV. The case-finding effectiveness of the program was 18.4%. CONCLUSION This pilot program provides evidence of the effectiveness of a partner notification program implemented in healthcare settings. This active partner notification program was feasible, acceptable to the user, and identified a high proportion of HIV-infected patients previously unaware of their status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia de Olalla
- EpidemiologyService,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Consortium of the Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ema Molas
- EpidemiologyService,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Internal Medicine-InfectiousDiseases,University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Barberà
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Martín
- Preventive Interventions and Programs Service,Agència de SalutPública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnació Arellano
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Gosch
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Saladie
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Internal Medicine-InfectiousDiseases,University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernando Knobel
- Internal Medicine-InfectiousDiseases,University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elia Diez
- Preventive Interventions and Programs Service,Agència de SalutPública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Consortium of the Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan A Caylà
- EpidemiologyService,Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Consortium of the Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Bejaoui M, Zaouali MA, Folch-Puy E, Pantazi E, Bardag-Gorce F, Carbonell T, Oliva J, Rimola A, Abdennebi HB, Roselló-Catafau J. Bortezomib enhances fatty liver preservation in Institut George Lopez-1 solution through adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase and Akt/mTOR pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:62-72. [PMID: 24127984 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanisms induced by bortezomib added to Institut George Lopez (IGL)-1 preservation solution to protect steatotic livers against cold ischaemia reperfusion injury and to examine whether these mechanisms occur through the activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt/mTOR pathways. METHODS Steatotic livers from obese rats were preserved for 24 h (at 4 °C) in IGL-1 solution with or without bortezomib (100 nM) or pretreated with AMPK inhibitor adenine 9-α-D-arabinofuranoside and preserved in IGL-1 + bortezomib. Livers were then perfused for 2 h at 37 °C. Liver injury (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase) and function (bile production and vascular resistance) were measured. Also, Akt/mTOR, phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) and apoptosis were determined by Western blot analyses. KEY FINDINGS Bortezomib addition to IGL-1 solution significantly reduced steatotic liver injury, improved graft function and decreased liver apoptosis. These benefits were diminished by the pretreatment of obese rats with AMPK inhibitor Ara. Western blot analyses showed a significant increase in pAMPK after ischaemia and reperfusion. We also observed a significant phosphorylation of Akt in IGL-1 +bortezomib group that, in turn, induced the phosphorylation of mTOR and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. CONCLUSIONS Bortezomib, at low and non toxic concentration, is a promising additive to IGL-1 solution for steatotic liver preservation. Its protective effect is due to the activation of AMPK and Akt/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bejaoui
- Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Alva N, Azuara D, Palomeque J, Carbonell T. Deep hypothermia protects against acute hypoxia in vivo in rats: a mechanism related to the attenuation of oxidative stress. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:1115-24. [PMID: 23355193 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in using hypothermia to prevent hypoxic damage in clinical and experimental models, although the mechanisms regulated by hypothermia are still unclear. As reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are the main factors causing cellular damage, our objective was to study the scope of hypothermia in preventing hypoxia-induced oxidative damage. We analysed systemic and hepatic indicators of oxidative stress after an acute hypoxic insult (10% oxygen in breathing air) in normothermic (37°C body temperature) and hypothermic conditions (22°C) in rats. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in tissue damage (aspartate aminotransferase increased from 54.6 ± 6.9 U l(-1) in control animals to 116 ± 1.9 U l(-1) in hypoxia, and alanine aminotransferase increased from 19 ± 0.8 to 34 ± 2.9 U l(-1)), oxidative stress (nitric oxide metabolites increased from 10.8 ± 0.4 μM in control rats to 23 ± 2.7 μM in hypoxia, and thiobarbituric reactive substances increased from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 5.9 ± 0.4 nm) and antioxidant consumption (reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio changed from 9.8 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 0.3). In contrast, when hypothermia was applied prior to hypoxia, the situation was reversed, with a reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (from 116 ± 1.9 in hypoxic animals to 63 ± 7.8 U l(-1) in animals exposed to hypothermia followed by hypoxia), alanine aminotransferase (from 34 ± 2.9 to 19 ± 0.9 U l(-1)), oxidative stress (nitric oxide metabolites decreased from 23 ± 2.7 to 17.8 ± 1.9 μM and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances decreased from 5.9 ± 0.4 to 4.3 ± 0.2 nm) and antioxidant preservation (reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio changed from 6.8 ± 0.3 to 11.1 ± 0.1). Hypoxia induced a decrease in liver enzymatic antioxidant activities even during hypothermia. Both treatments, hypoxia and hypothermia, produced a similar increase in hepatic caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, hypothermia prevented the tissue damage and oxidative stress elicited by hypoxia. Our results provide new evidence concerning the protective mechanism of hypothermia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Department of Physiology, University of Barcelona, 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Alva N, Cruz D, Sanchez S, Valentín JM, Bermudez J, Carbonell T. Nitric oxide as a mediator of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate protection in galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Nitric Oxide 2012; 28:17-23. [PMID: 23032643 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP) has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for different harmful conditions in a variety of tissues. The hypothesis of the present work was that the increase in nitric oxide production and the prevention of oxidative stress induced by exogenous F1,6BP mediate its protective effect against the hepatotoxic action of GalN. Experimental groups used were sham, F1,6BP (2g/kg bw i.p.), GalN (0.4g/kg bw i.p), l-NAME (10mg/kg bw i.v.), F1,6BP+GalN, l-NAME+GalN and l-NAME+F1,6BP+GalN. Animals were killed after 24h of bolus administration. F1,6BP induced an increase in NO and the redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) in liver. Western blot assays pointed to overexpression of liver eNOS in F1,6BP-treated rats. The hepatic injury induced by GalN increased transaminases in plasma and decreased the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in liver. The concomitant administration of F1,6BP reversed this damage, while the addition of l-NAME worsened the liver injury. We provided evidence that this F1,6BP-induced protection may be related to the increase in NO production through the positive modulation of eNOS, and the increase in intracellular reduced glutathione, thus providing a higher reducing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia (Biologia), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Padrissa-Altés S, Zaouali MA, Boncompagni E, Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Carbonell T, Bardag-Gorce F, Oliva J, French SW, Bartrons R, Roselló-Catafau J. The use of a reversible proteasome inhibitor in a model of Reduced-Size Orthotopic Liver transplantation in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:99-110. [PMID: 22475623 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), inherent in liver transplantation (LT), is the main cause of initial deficiencies and primary non-function of liver allografts. Living-related LT was developed to alleviate the mortality resulting from the scarcity of suitable deceased grafts. The main problem in using living-related LT for adults is graft size disparity. In this study we propose for the first time that the use of a proteasome inhibitor (Bortezomib) treatment could improve liver regeneration and reduce IRI after Reduced-Size Orthotopic Liver transplantation (ROLT). Rat liver grafts were reduced by removing the left lateral lobe and the two caudate lobes and preserved in UW or IGL-1 preservation solution for 1h liver and then subjected to ROLT with or without Bortezomib treatment. Our results show that Bortezomib reduces IRI after LT and is correlated with a reduction in mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, Bortezomib also increased liver regeneration after reduced-size LT and increased the expression of well-known ischemia/reperfusion protective proteins such as nitric oxide synthase, heme oxigenase 1 (HO-1) and Heat Shock Protein 70. Our results open new possibilities for the study of alternative therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing IRI and increasing liver regeneration after LT. It is hoped that the results of our study will contribute towards improving the understanding of the molecular processes involved in IRI and liver regeneration, and therefore help to improve the outcome of this type of LT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susagna Padrissa-Altés
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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Alva N, Carbonell T, Roig T, Bermúdez J, Palomeque J. Fructose 1,6 biphosphate administration to rats prevents metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress induced by deep hypothermia and rewarming. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659:259-64. [PMID: 21463624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fructose 1,6 biphosphate (F1,6BP) exerts a protective effect in several in vitro models of induced injury and in isolated organs; however, few studies have been performed using in vivo hypothermia. Here we studied the effects of deep hypothermia (21ºC) and rewarming in anaesthetised rats after F1,6BP administration (2 g/kg body weight). Acid-base and oxidative stress parameters (plasma malondialdehyde and glutathione, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes) were evaluated. Erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers in blood and plasma nitric oxide were also measured 3 h after F1,6BP administration in normothermia animals. In the absence of F1,6BP metabolic acidosis developed after rewarming. Oxidative stress was also evident after rewarming, as shown by a decrease in thiol groups and in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase and GSH-peroxidase, which corresponded to an increase in AST in rewarmed animals. These effects were reverted in rats treated with F1,6BP. Blood samples of F1,6BP-treated animals showed a significant increase in plasma nitric oxide 3 h after administration, coinciding with a significant rise in leukocyte number. F1,6BP protection may be due to the decrease in oxidative stress and to the preservation of the antioxidant pool. In addition, we propose that the reduction in extracellular acidosis may be due to improved tissue perfusion during rewarming and that nitric oxide may play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Departament de Fisiologia (Biologia), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Alva N, Carbonell T, Palomeque J. Deep hypothermia impact on acid-base parameters and liver antioxidant status in an in vivo rat model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:471-8. [PMID: 19526042 DOI: 10.1139/y09-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although clinical hypothermia is used for reducing postischemic damage, injurious effects have also been reported. To determine whether hypoxia and oxidative stress are induced by systemic deep hypothermia, we used an in vivo rat model keeping the arterial Pco2 constant. Animals were divided into 4 groups: sham, 2 h deep hypothermia (21 degrees C), 1 h posthypothermia (rewarmed to 37 degrees C after 2 h deep hypothermia), and 3 h normothermia. Blood gases, portal vein blood flow, arterial pressure, and heart rate were monitored throughout the experiment. Liver enzyme antioxidant activity was also examined. The hemodynamic parameters decreased drastically during hypothermia, but were fully restored after rewarming. No changes in hepatic antioxidant activity (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) were observed. The redox level in liver (GSH/GSSG ratio) was preserved in hypothermia but decreased when animals were rewarmed. ALT did not increase and no evidence of tissue hypoxia was detected in liver regarding the restricted flow during hypothermia. With the described protocol, deep hypothermia is regarded as an experimental safe model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gámez A, Alva N, Roig T, Bermúdez J, Carbonell T. Beneficial effects of fructose 1,6-biphosphate on hypothermia-induced reactive oxygen species injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the disruption of cerebral blood flow, which produces a central core of dead neurons surrounded by a penumbra of damaged but partially functional neurons. Many factors are associated with such brain injury, including excitotoxicity and free radicals. Recent clinical studies have shown that high plasma ferritin levels are detrimental in acute ischemic stroke. As an iron-storage protein, ferritin can act both as a scavenger and as a donor of free iron, which is a source of hydroxyl radicals. Following disruption of the blood-brain barrier, the ferritin and the free iron that have accumulated in endothelial cells in brain capillaries, together with plasma ferritin, can enter the penumbra. Iron-dependent oxidative stress in the penumbra can lead to necrosis and further neurological deterioration following ischemic stroke. An excess of iron should be considered pathological in the ischemic brain. Therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke should attempt to restore brain function within the penumbra. Consequently, the iron content of systemic stores should be measured, and anti-oxidant treatment should be considered when it is excessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carbonell
- Department of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Alva N, Palomeque J, Carbonell T. Nitric oxide induced by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia maintains hepatic blood flow during hypothermia. Nitric Oxide 2006; 15:64-9. [PMID: 16384721 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the anesthetics influencing the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, ketamine is widely reported in the literature. We researched the variations in blood physiological parameters following ketamine/xylazine- or pentobarbital-induced anesthesia, with particular emphasis on plasmatic NO levels and oxidative stress-related factors. The effects of ketamine on hepatic blood flow during deep hypothermia were also examined. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine/xylazine or with sodium pentobarbital. Animals underwent serial blood extraction to analyze acid-base balance and lactate levels in blood, as well as NO, MDA, SH groups, and AST levels in plasma samples. We demonstrated that ketamine leads to increased plasmatic NO levels, induces metabolic acidosis, and causes oxidative damage, though without reaching hepatic toxicity. When experimental hypothermia was induced, ketamine affected hepatic blood flow. Based on these results, we suggest that studies on physiological processes involving NO should exercise caution if anesthesia is induced by ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alva
- Department de Fisiologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The statins are powerful inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and are among the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. Despite their clinical importance, little is known about the binding thermodynamics of statins to HMG-CoA reductase. In this paper, we report the results of inhibition kinetics and microcalorimetric analysis of a representative type I statin (pravastatin) and four type II statins (fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin). Inhibition constants (K(i)) range from 2 to 250 nM for the different statins. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments yield binding enthalpies (DeltaH(binding)) ranging between zero and -9.3 kcal/mol at 25 degrees C. There is a clear correlation between binding affinity and binding enthalpy: the most powerful statins bind with the strongest enthalpies. The proportion by which the binding enthalpy contributes to the binding affinity is not the same for all statins, indicating that the balance among hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions is not the same for all of them. At 25 degrees C, the dominant contribution to the binding affinity of fluvastatin, pravastatin, cerivastatin, and atorvastatin is the entropy change. Only for rosuvastatin does the enthalpy change contribute more than 50% of the total binding energy (76%). Since the enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding originate from different types of interactions, the thermodynamic dissection presented here provides a way to identify interactions that are critical for affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Mora P, Masip I, Cortés N, Marquina R, Merino R, Merino J, Carbonell T, Mingarro I, Messeguer A, Pérez-Payá E. Identification from a positional scanning peptoid library of in vivo active compounds that neutralize bacterial endotoxins. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1265-8. [PMID: 15715495 DOI: 10.1021/jm040834i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two peptoids that neutralize the Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were identified from the screening of a positional scanning library. The evaluation of the in vivo activity of these compounds in an endoxemia murine model is also reported. These peptoids did not neutralize lipid A, i.e., the hydrophobic toxic component of LPS. This fact suggests that they do not have access to the micellar core and that they should bind to the hydrophilic carbohydrate portion of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puig Mora
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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40
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Abstract
Experimental and clinical data suggest that iron has a key role in cerebral ischaemia. We measure infarct volume and analyse the nitric oxide responses to brain injury in rat stroke model after increased oral iron intake. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in a group of 20 male Wistar rats, 10 of which were fed with a control diet and 10 of which were fed with iron-enriched diet containing 2.5% carbonyl iron for 9 weeks. L-arginine and nitric oxide metabolites were determined in blood samples before and at 2, 6, 8 and 48 h after MCAO. Infarct volume, thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS) and tissue iron were measured at 48 h. Infarct volume was 66% greater in the iron-fed rats than in the control group. Iron-fed animals showed significantly higher levels of TBARS. Liver iron stores (3500 +/- 199 vs 352 +/- 28 microg Fe/g, p<0.0001) but not brain iron stores (131 +/- 11 vs 139 +/- 8 microg Fe/g, p=0.617), were significantly higher in the iron-fed group. L-arginine levels were slightly lower in iron-fed rats and decreased significantly in both groups at 6 and 8 hours after MCAO. The levels of the stable end products of NOS (NOx = nitrite + nitrate) were significantly higher in iron-fed rats before MCAO (16.2 +/- 2.2 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.8 micromol x L(-1), p<0.05), with a further increase during the six first hours after MCAO in both groups. These results suggest that the iron overload that increases both superoxide and nitric oxide production leads to peroxynitrite formation, thus enhancing brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gámez
- Departamento de Fisiología, División III, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Humet M, Carbonell T, Masip I, Sánchez-Baeza F, Mora P, Cantón E, Gobernado M, Abad C, Pérez-Payá E, Messeguer A. A positional scanning combinatorial library of peptoids as a source of biological active molecules: identification of antimicrobials. J Comb Chem 2003; 5:597-605. [PMID: 12959560 DOI: 10.1021/cc020075u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A positional scanning library of N-alkylglycine trimers (peptoids) containing over 10 000 compounds has been synthesized on solid phase. The synthetic pathway involved the use of the submonomer strategy and a set of 22 commercially available primary amines as a chemical diversity source. The unbiased nature of the library allowed its screening against a variety of biological targets, leading to the identification of individual peptoids exhibiting remarkable biological activities (García-Martínez, C. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99, 2374. Montoliu, et al. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. 2002, 302, 29. Planells-Cases, R., et al. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. 2002, 302, 163). In the present work, the screening of this library against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria led to the identification of different compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Humet
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, I.I.Q.A.B. (C.S.I.C.), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Boada J, Cuesta E, Roig T, Gámez A, Carbonell T, Ventura F, Bermúdez J. Enhanced antioxidant defenses and resistance to TNF-alpha in a glycolysis-depleted lung epithelial cell line. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:1409-18. [PMID: 12419473 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis-depleted cells, obtained by stable transfection of fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase in mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu), were less sensitive to serum withdrawal- and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis than cells transfected with the empty vector pcDNA3 (control cells). We compared the differences in the redox status of the two transfectants and the changes produced by TNF-alpha treatment. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activity of the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), were higher in pFBPase-2 clones than in control cells in all the conditions tested. TNF-alpha challenge sharpened the differences in glutathione peroxidase activity, GSH/GSSG ratios, and NF-kappa B activation between transfectants. These data indicate that glycolysis restriction at the PFK step protects cells against apoptotic stimuli by increasing the GSH content and NF-kappa B activity. This acquired feature may compromise antineoplastic treatments based on glycolytic depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Boada
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Divisió de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Castellanos M, Puig N, Carbonell T, Castillo J, Martinez J, Rama R, Dávalos A. Iron intake increases infarct volume after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res 2002; 952:1-6. [PMID: 12363398 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data suggest an important role of iron in cerebral ischaemia. We measured infarct volume and analysed the oxidative stress, and also the excitatory and inflammatory responses to brain injury in a rat stroke model after an increased oral iron intake. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in ten male Wistar rats fed with a diet containing 2.5% carbonyl iron for 9 weeks, and in ten control animals. Glutamate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined in blood samples before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 h after MCAO, and thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS) were analysed at 48 h. Infarct volume was measured at 48 h by image analysis on brain slices stained with 1% TTC. Tissue iron was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Infarct volume was 66% greater in the iron fed rats than in the control group (178+/-49 mm(3) versus 107+/-53 mm(3), P<0.01). Significant higher levels of glutamate, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were observed in the group with iron intake (peak values were obtained at 6, 8 and 4 h, respectively). Iron-fed animals also showed significantly higher levels of TBARS than those receiving a normal diet (6.52+/-0.59 vs. 5.62+/-0.86 micro mol/l, P=0.033) Liver iron stores (3500+/-199 vs. 352+/-28 micro g Fe/g, P<0.0001), but not brain iron stores (131 vs. 139 micro g Fe/g, P=0.617), were significantly higher in the iron fed rats group. These results suggest that iron intake is associated with larger infarct volumes after MCAO in the rat. This effect seems to be associated with higher oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Castellanos
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, E-17007, Girona, Spain
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44
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Carbonell T, Masip I, Sánchez-Baeza F, Delgado M, Araya E, Llorens O, Corcho F, Pérez JJ, Pérez-Payá E, Messeguer A. Identification of selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase from a combinatorial library of 2,5-piperazinediones. Mol Divers 2002; 5:131-43. [PMID: 12197070 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016230600162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The potentiation of central cholinergic activity has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Increasing the acetylcholine concentration in brain by modulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is among the most promising strategies. We have used a combinatorial approach to identify different 2,5-piperazinediones (DKP) with AChE inhibitory activity. Our goal was to find inhibitors exhibiting high AChE/BuChE (butyrylcholinesterase) selectivity, in order to reduce the undesirable side effects elicited by most of the inhibitors that have been developed to date. Screening of a DKP library constructed on solid-phase using the multiple parallel synthesis format, resulted in the identification of several compounds with moderate efficacy on AChE. In particular, DKP-80 had an IC50 = 2.2 microM with no significant inhibitory activity on BuChE. Moreover, estimated values of Clog P and log BB for the most active compounds fulfilled the bioavailability requirements for enzyme inhibitors acting on the central nervous system. In order to understand the inhibitory properties of the ligand at the molecular level, molecular dynamics simulations were computed on DKP-80 complexed to AChE, and the most relevant binding interactions of this inhibitor to the active center of the enzyme were characterized. Overall the present results indicate that the DKP-based compounds identified are novel AChE inhibitors which may be considered likely lead compounds for further development of drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carbonell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Carbonell T, Ródenas J, Alfaro V, Mitjavila MT, Palacios L. Extracellular pH affects inflammatory cell production of superoxide and nitric oxide. J Physiol Biochem 2002; 58:115-20. [PMID: 12435087 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has described how high cellular metabolism creates an acidic environment in inflammatory cells during respiratory burst. The aim of our work was to describe the acid-base dependence of exudate in superoxide (O2.-) and nitric oxide (NO.) generation by inflammatory cells from a carrageenan-granuloma. Although the carrageenan solution was alkaline (pH 7.74 when equilibrated with air) the exudate showed an acidification that stabilised at around 7 units of pH. A notable hypercapnia, but not hypoxia, was found in the exudate at up to 24 h. The effect of extracellular acidosis on O2.- and NO. production by inflammatory cells was also studied. The maximum O2.- production and the lowest levels of NO. were found at pH 7, which was closer to the pH of the granuloma-pouch. These results suggest that experiments with inflammatory cells ex vivo should be carried out at an identical pH to that found in vivo in order to reproduce the physiological mechanisms of free radical generation during inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carbonell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Montoliu C, Humet M, Canales JJ, Burda J, Planells-Cases R, Sánchez-Baeza F, Carbonell T, Pérez-Payá E, Messeguer A, Ferrer-Montiel A, Felipo V. Prevention of in vivo excitotoxicity by a family of trialkylglycines, a novel class of neuroprotectants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 301:29-36. [PMID: 11907154 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity has been implicated in the etiology of ischemic stroke and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, the development of novel neuroprotectant molecules that ameliorate excitotoxic brain damage is vigorously pursued. We used a neuroprotection-based cellular assay to screen a synthetic combinatorial library of N-alkylglycine trimers. Two compounds (6-1-2 and 6-1-10) that efficiently prevented excitotoxic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo were identified. Both molecules protected primary cultures of cerebellar neurons against glutamate-induced neuronal death with an efficiency equivalent to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. These trialkylglycines did not block appreciably the NMDA receptor channel, or attenuated glutamate-induced increase of Ca(2+), or affect the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. Intraperitoneal injection of both peptoids in mice attenuated > or = 80% ammonia-induced, NMDA receptor-mediated animal death. Furthermore, these two molecules reduced by > or = 50% the neurodegeneration in striatum in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotection against ischemia was associated with decreased activation of caspase-3, reflecting prevention of apoptotic neuronal death. Collectively, the results reported indicate that these trialkylglycines are new neuroprotectant leads with important in vivo activity against excitotoxicity, and that they act on a novel, yet-unrecognized cellular target. These lead compounds may become tolerated drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases with fewer side effects than NMDA receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Montoliu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Citológicas, Fundación Valenciana de investigaciones Biomedicas, Valencia, Spain
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47
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García-Martinez C, Humet M, Planells-Cases R, Gomis A, Caprini M, Viana F, De La Pena E, Sanchez-Baeza F, Carbonell T, De Felipe C, Pérez-Paya E, Belmonte C, Messeguer A, Ferrer-Montiel A. Attenuation of thermal nociception and hyperalgesia by VR1 blockers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2374-9. [PMID: 11854530 PMCID: PMC122372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.022285899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanilloid receptor subunit 1 (VR1) appears to play a critical role in the transduction of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli by sensory nerve endings in peripheral tissues. Thus, VR1 antagonists are useful compounds to unravel the contribution of this receptor to pain perception, as well as to induce analgesia. We have used a combinatorial approach to identify new, nonpeptidic channel blockers of VR1. Screening of a library of trimers of N-alkylglycines resulted in the identification of two molecules referred to as DD161515 [N-[2-(2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl)ethyl]glycyl]-[N-[2,4-dichlorophenethyl]glycyl]-N-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl)glycinamide] and DD191515 [[N-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propyl]glycyl]-[N-[2,4-dichlorophenethyl]glycyl]-N-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl)glycinamide] that selectively block VR1 channel activity with micromolar efficacy, rivaling that characteristic of vanilloid-related inhibitors. These compounds appear to be noncompetitive VR1 antagonists that recognize a receptor site distinct from that of capsaicin. Intraperitoneal administration of both trialkylglycines into mice significantly attenuated thermal nociception as measured in the hot plate test. It is noteworthy that these compounds eliminated pain and neurogenic inflammation evoked by intradermal injection of capsaicin into the animal hindpaw, as well as the thermal hyperalgesia induced by tissue irritation with nitrogen mustard. In contrast, responses to mechanical stimuli were not modified by either compound. Modulation of sensory nerve fibers excitability appears to underlie the peptoid analgesic activity. Collectively, these results indicate that blockade of VR1 activity attenuates chemical and thermal nociception and hyperalgesia, supporting the tenet that this ionotropic receptor contributes to chemical and thermal sensitivity and pain perception in vivo. These trialkylglycine-based, noncompetitive VR1 antagonists may likely be developed into analgesics to treat inflammatory pain.
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48
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Moreno JJ, Carbonell T, Sánchez T, Miret S, Mitjavila MT. Olive oil decreases both oxidative stress and the production of arachidonic acid metabolites by the prostaglandin G/H synthase pathway in rat macrophages. J Nutr 2001; 131:2145-9. [PMID: 11481409 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.8.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil has a preventive role in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, but little is known about the effect of olive oil, which is widely consumed in Mediterranean regions. We examined the influence of dietary olive oil, corn oil and fish oil-rich diets on the production of superoxide anion (O2-) and nitric oxide (.NO) by resident macrophages stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and their effect on arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) expression and the subsequent prostaglandin E(2) production. Resident peritoneal macrophages stimulated by PMA from rats fed with olive oil or corn oil had the same level of O2- production, but these levels were increased by the fish oil diet. Olive oil and the fish oil diets increased .NO and decreased arachidonic acid mobilization and the production of prostaglandin E(2). PGHS-2 expression, however, was not affected by diet. We conclude that although olive oil and fish oil reduce arachidonic acid mobilization and subsequent metabolism through the PGHS-2 pathway in PMA-stimulated macrophages, only olive oil offers an additional beneficial effect by increasing .NO/O2- production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Abstract
We studied the roles of nitrogen monoxide (NO&z.rad;) and peroxynitrite produced by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from an inflammatory exudate. PMNs were incubated either in a medium with a submicromolar concentration of iron or in a diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA)-containing medium, and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to generate free radicals. In both conditions superoxide anion (O(2)(*)(-)), NO&z.rad; and peroxynitrite were produced. In the presence of arachidonic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA) was generated. This MDA was generated in one of two way; the peroxynitrite iron-independent mechanism (40%) and the Fenton reaction, caused by free iron (60%). We also observed that the addition of L-arginine was followed by a 42% reduction in MDA, which can be explained by the antioxidant effect of NO&z.rad;. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation can occur in the absence of iron, through a peroxynitrite-mediated mechanism, and that NO&z.rad; may act as an antioxidant when it is produced in large amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ródenas
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Lopez-Llorca LV, Carbonell T. Characterization of Spanish strains of Verticillium lecanii. Rev Iberoam Micol 1999; 16:136-142. [PMID: 18473560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized biologically and physiologically eight Verticillium lecanii strains from several origins including insect pests. Of all the temperatures tested, 25 degrees C was the best for growth and at 40 degrees C none of the strains could grow. At 4 and 7 degrees C, growth was reduced in comparison to warmer temperatures. The strains had better development at pH close to 7 (F = 27.64, P < 0,01) than at pH 3. Self-inhibition of germination of strain 50 was found when more than 0.78 conidia/cm(2) were plated on corn meal agar (CMA). Germination of conidia was close to 100% for all strains except one, three days after inoculation. Among extracellular enzymatic activities studied the fungal strains showed strongest proteolytic activities followed by lipolytic and chitinolytic activities. Some strains showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in conidia production. Most of the fungicides tested (especially benomyl) inhibited radial growth of strain 50 on CMA. Pathogenicity (as median lethal time, LT50) of V. lecanii strains on larvae of Galleria mellonella varied from 2.66 -/+ 0.33 to 4.27 -/+ 0.25 days. We conclude that in vitro tests per se are not sufficient to select the best biocontrol strains of entomopathogenic fungi. Pathogenicity is a complex process in which the presence, timing and regulation of many factors including those covered in this paper, as well as their interactions, are probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Lopez-Llorca
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante, Spain.
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