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Liu J, Wang Q, Wei Y, Zhang S, Chai E, Tang F. Calpain inhibitor prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by regulating mRNA expression of genes related to cholesterol uptake and efflux. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104276. [PMID: 34742813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that a calpain inhibitor (CAI) prevents the development of atherosclerosis in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CAI (1 mg/kg) on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the underlying mechanism by analyzing the expression of genes related to the uptake and efflux of cholesterol. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated. The activity of calpain in the aorta and that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were assessed. Lipid profiles in the serum and liver were examined. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of CD68, TNF-α, IL-6, CD36, scavenger receptor (SR-A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), liver-x-receptor alpha (LXR-α), and ATP-binding cassette transporter class A1 (ABCA1) in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages were also evaluated. RESULTS CAI reduced calpain activity in the aorta. CAI also impeded atherosclerotic lesion formation and mRNA expression of CD68 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages of ApoE KO mice compared with those of mice receiving HFD. However, CAI had no effect on body weight and lipid levels in both the serum and liver. CAI significantly decreased MDA, oxLDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD activity in the serum. Moreover, CAI significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. In addition, CAI significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A and upregulated the expression of genes involved in the cholesterol efflux pathway, i.e., PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS CAI inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE KO mice, and this effect might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation and the improvement of cholesterol intake and efflux pathways.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Liu
- Medical Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Erqing Chai
- Emergency General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.
| | - Futian Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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2
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Ma X, Li X, Di Q, Zhao X, Zhang R, Xiao Y, Sun P, Tang H, Quan J, Xiao W, Chen W. Natural molecule Munronoid I attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by promoting the K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of TAK1. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111543. [PMID: 34311538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe lung disease with limited therapeutic strategies. Munronoid I, a limonoid, which is extracted and purified from Munronia sinica, exhibits effective anti-neoplastic activities. In this study, we attempted to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Munronoid I using both the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vivo murine ALI models and in vitro assays. Our results demonstrated that Munronoid I treatment ameliorated LPS-induced ALI and inflammation in mice. Moreover, it also significantly inhibited LPS-induced pathological injuries, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and production of IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, the in vitro assay showed that Munronoid I could inhibit the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX2, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Munronoid I reduced the LPS-, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)- or interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and protein expression. Furthermore, the Munronoid I also promoted K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TAK1. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Munronoid I exhibited anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, which might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ALI and pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xibao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jiazheng Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Weilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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3
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Kothari V, Tang J, He Y, Kramer F, Kanter JE, Bornfeldt KE. ADAM17 Boosts Cholesterol Efflux and Downstream Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein on Inflammatory Pathways in Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1854-1873. [PMID: 33882688 PMCID: PMC8159900 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
| | - Yi He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
| | - Jenny E. Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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4
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Rappl P, Rösser S, Maul P, Bauer R, Huard A, Schreiber Y, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Jakobsson PJ, Weigert A, Brüne B, Schmid T. Inhibition of mPGES-1 attenuates efficient resolution of acute inflammation by enhancing CX3CL1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:135. [PMID: 33542207 PMCID: PMC7862376 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress to understand inflammatory reactions, mechanisms causing their resolution remain poorly understood. Prostanoids, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are well-characterized mediators of inflammation. PGE2 is produced in an inducible manner in macrophages (Mϕ) by microsomal PGE2-synthase-1 (mPGES-1), with the notion that it also conveys pro-resolving properties. We aimed to characterize the role of mPGES-1 during resolution of acute, zymosan-induced peritonitis. Experimentally, we applied the mPGES-1 inhibitor compound III (CIII) once the inflammatory response was established and confirmed its potent PGE2-blocking efficacy. mPGES-1 inhibition resulted in an incomplete removal of neutrophils and a concomitant increase in monocytes and Mϕ during the resolution process. The mRNA-seq analysis identified enhanced C-X3-C motif receptor 1 (CX3CR1) expression in resident and infiltrating Mϕ upon mPGES-1 inhibition. Besides elevated Cx3cr1 expression, its ligand CX3CL1 was enriched in the peritoneal lavage of the mice, produced by epithelial cells upon mPGES-1 inhibition. CX3CL1 not only increased adhesion and survival of Mϕ but its neutralization also completely reversed elevated inflammatory cell numbers, thereby normalizing the cellular, peritoneal composition during resolution. Our data suggest that mPGES-1-derived PGE2 contributes to the resolution of inflammation by preventing CX3CL1-mediated retention of activated myeloid cells at sites of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rappl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Rösser
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Maul
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Dep. of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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5
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Davanso MR, Crisma AR, Braga TT, Masi LN, do Amaral CL, Leal VNC, de Lima DS, Patente TA, Barbuto JA, Corrêa-Giannella ML, Lauterbach M, Kolbe CC, Latz E, Camara NOS, Pontillo A, Curi R. Macrophage inflammatory state in Type 1 diabetes: triggered by NLRP3/iNOS pathway and attenuated by docosahexaenoic acid. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:19-34. [PMID: 33399849 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin-producing pancreatic β-cell destruction and hyperglycemia. While monocytes and NOD-like receptor family-pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) are associated with T1D onset and development, the specific receptors and factors involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the inflammatory state of resident peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from genetically modified non-obese diabetic (NOD), NLRP3-KO, wild-type (WT) mice and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human T1D patients. We also assessed the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the inflammatory status. Macrophages from STZ-induced T1D mice exhibited increased inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels, nitric oxide (NO) secretion, NLRP3 and iNOS protein levels, and augmented glycolytic activity compared to control animals. In PMs from NOD and STZ-induced T1D mice, DHA reduced NO production and attenuated the inflammatory state. Furthermore, iNOS and IL-1β protein expression levels and NO production were lower in the PMs from diabetic NLRP3-KO mice than from WT mice. We also observed increased IL-1β secretion in PBMCs from T1D patients and immortalized murine macrophages treated with advanced glycation end products and palmitic acid. The present study demonstrated that the resident PMs are in a proinflammatory state characterized by increased NLRP3/iNOS pathway-mediated NO production, up-regulated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine receptor expression and altered glycolytic activity. Notably, ex vivo treatment with DHA reverted the diabetes-induced changes and attenuated the macrophage inflammatory state. It is plausible that DHA supplementation could be employed as adjuvant therapy for treating individuals with T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues Davanso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amanda Rabello Crisma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro of Sul University, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cátia Lira do Amaral
- Campus of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Goias, Anapolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Nunes Cordeiro Leal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhêmerson Souza de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Andrade Patente
- Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Barbuto
- Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Corrêa-Giannella
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Radioimmunoassay, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program of Medicine, UNINOVE, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl Christian Kolbe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Immunology of Transplantation, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro of Sul University, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Shih CC, Liu PY, Chen JH, Liao MH, Hsieh CM, Ka SM, Wu CC, Lin HT, Wu TH, Chen YC. Macrophage expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase Grail protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperinflammation and organ injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208279. [PMID: 30571701 PMCID: PMC6301572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction caused by hyperinflammation remains the major cause of mortality during sepsis. Excessive M1-macrophage activation leads to systemic inflammatory responses. Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (Grail) is regarded as an important regulator of T cells that functions by diminishing cytokine production. However, its role in regulating macrophage activation and organ injury during sepsis remains unclear. Our aim was to examine the effects of Grail on macrophage reactivity and organ injury in endotoxemic animals. Wild-type and Grail knockout mice were injected with vehicle or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and observed for 24 h. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, and biochemical variables were then examined. Moreover, levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were analyzed in the lungs of animals. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS were also assessed in the presence or absence of Grail. Results indicated that loss of Grail expression enhances the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. Furthermore, LPS-induced macrophage hyperactivation was alleviated by ectopic Grail overexpression. In vivo studies showed that Grail deficiency exacerbates organ damage in endotoxemic animals. Levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were significantly increased in the lungs of Grail-deficient endotoxemic mice. Thus, these results suggest that Grail contributes to the attenuation of hyperinflammation caused by activated macrophages and prevents organ damage in endotoxemic mice. We suggest that Grail signaling could be a therapeutic target for endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Jye-Hann Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tsu Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zou B, Jiang W, Han H, Li J, Mao W, Tang Z, Yang Q, Qian G, Qian J, Zeng W, Gu J, Chu T, Zhu N, Zhang W, Yan D, He R, Chu Y, Lu M. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase promotes the resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28622363 PMCID: PMC5489216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infection is the most common risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI). Innate immune responses induced by Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) molecules are essential for lung defense but can lead to tissue injury. Little is known about how MAMP molecules are degraded in the lung or how MAMP degradation/inactivation helps prevent or ameliorate the harmful inflammation that produces ALI. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) is a host lipase that inactivates Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, or LPS). We report here that alveolar macrophages increase AOAH expression upon exposure to LPS and that Aoah+/+ mice recover more rapidly than do Aoah-/- mice from ALI induced by nasally instilled LPS or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aoah-/- mouse lungs had more prolonged leukocyte infiltration, greater pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and longer-lasting alveolar barrier damage. We also describe evidence that the persistently bioactive LPS in Aoah-/- alveoli can stimulate alveolar macrophages directly and epithelial cells indirectly to produce chemoattractants that recruit neutrophils to the lung and may prevent their clearance. Distinct from the prolonged tolerance observed in LPS-exposed Aoah-/- peritoneal macrophages, alveolar macrophages that lacked AOAH maintained or increased their responses to bioactive LPS and sustained inflammation. Inactivation of LPS by AOAH is a previously unappreciated mechanism for promoting resolution of pulmonary inflammation/injury induced by Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benkun Zou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Han
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiying Mao
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihui Tang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Qian
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfang Lu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Yang H, Liu H, Chen H, Mo H, Chen J, Huang X, Zheng R, Liu Z, Feng Y, Liu F, Ge B. G protein-coupled receptor160 regulates mycobacteria entry into macrophages by activating ERK. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1145-1151. [PMID: 27259691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, invades and replicates within susceptible hosts by disturbing host antimicrobial mechanisms. Although G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in most physiological and pathological activities of mammalian cells, the roles of GPCRs in Mtb invasion into host cell remain elusive. Here, we report that GPR160 expression is elevated at both mRNA and protein level in macrophages in response to BCG infection. Both the PiggyBac (PB) transposon-mediated mutation of gpr160 gene in mouse primary macrophages and siRNA-mediated knockdown of GPR160 in the human macrophage cell line THP-1 markedly reduced the entry of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing BCG (BCG-GFP), also operative in vivo. BCG infection-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was significantly reduced in gpr160 mutated (gpr160(-/-)) macrophages relative to levels observed in wild type macrophages, while inhibition of ERK by specific inhibitor or knockdown ERK1/2 by specific siRNA markedly reduced entry of BCG. Finally, lower bacteria burdens and attenuated pathological impairments were observed in the lungs of BCG-infected gpr160(-/-) mice. Furthermore, gpr160(-/-) macrophages also exhibits reduced uptake of Escherichia coli and Francisella tularensis. Taken together, these findings suggest an important role of GPR160 in regulating the entry of BCG into macrophages by targeting the ERK signaling pathway. As GPCRs have proven to be successful drug targets in pharmaceutical industry, it's tempting to speculate that compounds targeting GPR160, a G protein-coupled receptor, could intervene in Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China
| | - Haiping Mo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yonghong Feng
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China.
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9
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Thakur M, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Drewlo S, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. The Impact of Myeloperoxidase and Activated Macrophages on Metaphase II Mouse Oocyte Quality. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151160. [PMID: 26982351 PMCID: PMC4794194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant heme-containing enzyme present in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, is produced in high levels during inflammation, and associated with poor reproductive outcomes. MPO is known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-). Here we investigate the effect of activated immune cells and MPO on oocyte quality. Mouse metaphase II oocytes were divided into the following groups: 1) Incubation with a catalytic amount of MPO (40 nM) for different incubation periods in the presence of 100 mM Cl- with and without H2O2 and with and without melatonin (100 μM), at 37°C (n = 648/648 total number of oocytes in each group for oocytes with and without cumulus cells); 2) Co-cultured with activated mouse peritoneal macrophage and neutrophils cells (1.0 x 106 cells/ml) in the absence and presence of melatonin (200 μM), an MPO inhibitor/ROS scavenger, for different incubation periods in HTF media, at 37°C (n = 200/200); 3) Untreated oocytes incubated for 4 hrs as controls (n = 73/64). Oocytes were then fixed, stained and scored based on the microtubule morphology and chromosomal alignment. All treatments were found to negatively affect oocyte quality in a time dependent fashion as compared to controls. In all cases the presence of cumulus cells offered no protection; however significant protection was offered by melatonin. Similar results were obtained with oocytes treated with neutrophils. This work provides a direct link between MPO and decreased oocyte quality. Therefore, strategies to decrease MPO mediated inflammation may influence reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Mili Thakur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Wang C, Sui C, Yan G, Xu Y, Pan W. [Se-ZnCu-65P enhances mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and inhibits secretion of NO and H2O2 in vitro]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:1633-1636. [PMID: 26648297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of selenopeptide on phagocytosis, NO and H2O2 secretion of mouse peritoneal macrophages. METHODS Mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were cultured for 24 hours by various concentrations of Se-ZnCu-65P, which is a selenopeptide with double antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Then, the relative cell activity was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, the phagocytic ability of macrophages was evaluated by neutral red uptake assay, nitric oxide (NO) content was examined by nitrate reductase method, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was detected by molybdate colorimetric method. RESULTS When Se-ZnCu-65P acted on macrophages alone, the relative cell viability was enhanced, the phagocytic ability was not affected, H2O2 content was reduced, and NO level was almost unchanged. However, the phagocytic ability of macrophages induced by LPS was raised, meanwhile, secretion of NO and H2O2 was promoted. When Se-ZnCu-65P acted on macrophages induced by LPS, the phagocytic ability were further enhanced, and secretion of NO and H2O2 was inhibited significantly. CONCLUSION Se-ZnCu-65P can effectively improve the relative cell activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS, enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and reduce the secretion levels of NO and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
| | - Chunhong Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Ganglin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wengan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
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11
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Zhang Q, He L, Kong L, Zhang Y, Chen H, An R, Wang L, Wang W, Xu X, Zhang A, Cai Y, Li M, Wen H, Luo Q, Shen J. Genotype-Associated Arginase 1 Expression in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages Induced byToxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol 2015; 101:418-23. [PMID: 25872571 DOI: 10.1645/14-696.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Liuyuan He
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lanting Kong
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yihong Cai
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | | | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Department of Parasitology, Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
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12
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Shao Z, Nishimura T, Leung LLK, Morser J. Carboxypeptidase B2 deficiency reveals opposite effects of complement C3a and C5a in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1090-102. [PMID: 25851247 PMCID: PMC4452409 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2) is a basic carboxypeptidase with fibrin and complement C3a and C5a as physiological substrates. We hypothesized that in polymicrobial sepsis, CPB2-deficient mice would have sustained C5a activity, leading to disease exacerbation. METHODS Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, Cpb2(-/-) mice had significantly improved survival, with reduced lung edema, less liver and kidney damage, and less disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hepatic pro-CPB2 was induced by CLP, leading to increased pro-CPB2 levels. Thrombomodulin present on mesothelium supported thrombin activation of pro-CPB2. Both wild-type and Cpb2(-/-) animals treated with a C5a receptor antagonist had improved survival, demonstrating that C5a was detrimental in this model. Treatment with a fibrinolysis inhibitor, tranexamic acid, caused a decrease in survival in both genotypes; however, the Cpb2(-/-) animals retained their survival advantage. Administration of a C3a receptor antagonist exacerbated the disease in both wild-type and Cpb2(-/-) mice and eliminated the survival advantage of Cpb2(-/-) mice. C5a receptor is expressed in both peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils; in contrast, C3a receptor expression is restricted to peritoneal macrophages, and C3a induced signaling in macrophages but not neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS While C5a exacerbates the peritonitis, resulting in a deleterious generalized inflammatory state, C3a activation of peritoneal macrophages may limit the initial infection following CLP, thereby playing a diametrically opposing protective role in this polymicrobial sepsis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Shao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - T. Nishimura
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L. L. K. Leung
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - J. Morser
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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13
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Quan H, Kim JM, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Choi JI, Bae HB. AICAR Enhances the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages towards Apoptotic Cells through P38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127885. [PMID: 26020972 PMCID: PMC4447456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little information is available on the effects of AICAR on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, which is essential in maintaining tissue homeostasis and resolving inflammation. AICAR increased p38 MAPK activation and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, which were inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of p38α. AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages. CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, did not affect AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis, but dipyridamole, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, diminished the AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. AICAR-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was not inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, or siRNA-mediated knock-down of AMPKα1. Inhibition of AMPK using compound C or 5’-iodotubercidin did not completely block AICAR-mediated increases in efferocytosis. Furthermore, AICAR also increased the removal of apoptotic neutrophils or thymocytes in mouse lungs. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which AICAR increases macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and suggest that AICAR may be used to treat efferocytosis-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Quan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Min Kim
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Heon Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Choi
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hasegawa K, Akieda-Asai S, Fujii Y, Bae CR, Yasuda M, Date Y. Guanylin-Guanylyl cyclase-C signaling in macrophages regulates mesenteric fat inflammation induced by high-fat diet. Endocr J 2015; 62:939-47. [PMID: 26249840 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylin (Gn), a bioactive peptide, and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), are primarily present in the intestine and maintain homeostasis in body fluids. Recently, rats whose macrophages overexpress Gn and GC-C were found to be resistant to diet-induced obesity. Considering that obesity is strongly related to a chronic inflammatory state in white adipose tissues, it is possible that Gn-GC-C macrophages contribute to the regulation of inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the inflammatory state of mesenteric fat in rats transgenic for both Gn and GC-C (double-transgenic [dTg] rats) by evaluating the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger of Gn-GC-C, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a target protein of PKG. The levels of cGMP in dTg rats was higher than in WT rats fed the same diet. Although there were no significant differences in levels of PKG and phosphorylated VASP between WT and dTg rats fed a standard diet (STD), these levels in dTg rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) were markedly increased compared with levels in HFD WT rats. Furthermore, mRNA levels of proinflammatory factors in mesenteric fat were lower in HFD dTg rats than in HFD WT rats and were similar to levels in STD WT and dTg rats. These results indicate that the Gn-GC-C system in macrophages regulates the cGMP-PKG-VASP pathway and controls obesity through the downregulation of proinflammatory factors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gastrointestinal Hormones/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/enzymology
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/immunology
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptides/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptides/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Panniculitis, Peritoneal/etiology
- Panniculitis, Peritoneal/immunology
- Panniculitis, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Panniculitis, Peritoneal/pathology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Transgenic
- Receptors, Enterotoxin
- Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/agonists
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Second Messenger Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Hasegawa
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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15
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. HDL3 stimulates paraoxonase 1 antiatherogenic catalytic and biological activities in a macrophage model system: in vivo and in vitro studies. Biofactors 2014; 40:536-45. [PMID: 25230879 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed in-vivo and in-vitro high density lipoprotein (HDL) effects on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) antiatherogenic properties in serum and in macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6 mice of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) + HDL, in comparison to HDL or to rePON1 alone, significantly increased serum PON1 arylesterase activity (by 20%), and serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages (by 18%). Similarly, in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from mice injected with HDL + rePON1 versus rePON1 alone, we observed reduction in oxidative stress (by 11%), increase in cellular PON1 activity (by 14%) and in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux (by 38%). Incubation of serum or HDL with rePON1, substantially increased PON1 arylesterase activity, two-fold more than the expected additive values. HDL2 and HDL3 increased PON1 activity by 199% or 274%, respectively. Macrophage (J774A.1) cholesterol efflux rate significantly increased by HDL3 + rePON1 versus HDL3 alone (by 19%), but not by HDL2 + rePON1 versus HDL2 alone. Oxidation of HDL3 reduced its ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux, and abolished HDL3 stimulatory effects on rePON1. Addition of exogenous polyphenol quercetin (60 µM), but not phosphatidylcholine or apolipoprotein A1, to HDL + rePON1 increased PON1 activity (by 404%), increased the ability to reduce oxidative stress in J774A.1 macrophages (by 53%) and to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux (by 14%). Upon adding the hypocholesterolemic drug simvastatin (15 µg/mL) to HDL + rePON1, PON1 activity and the ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux increased, in comparison to HDL + rePON1. We thus concluded that HDL (mostly HDL3), stimulates PON1 antiatherogenic activities in macrophages, and these PON1 activities were further stimulated by quercetin, or by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, the Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Través PG, Pardo V, Pimentel-Santillana M, González-Rodríguez Á, Mojena M, Rico D, Montenegro Y, Calés C, Martín-Sanz P, Valverde AM, Boscá L. Pivotal role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the macrophage response to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory challenge. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1125. [PMID: 24625984 PMCID: PMC3973223 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been suggested as an attractive target to improve insulin sensitivity in different cell types. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of PTP1B deficiency on the response of human and murine macrophages. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches in mice and silencing PTP1B in human macrophages with specific siRNAs, we have demonstrated that PTP1B deficiency increases the effects of pro-inflammatory stimuli in both human and rodent macrophages at the time that decreases the response to alternative stimulation. Moreover, the absence of PTP1B induces a loss of viability in resting macrophages and mainly after activation through the classic pathway. Analysis of early gene expression in macrophages treated with pro-inflammatory stimuli confirmed this exacerbated inflammatory response in PTP1B-deficient macrophages. Microarray analysis in samples from wild-type and PTP1B-deficient macrophages obtained after 24 h of pro-inflammatory stimulation showed an activation of the p53 pathway, including the excision base repair pathway and the insulin signaling pathway in the absence of PTP1B. In animal models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine challenge as a way to reveal in vivo inflammatory responses, animals lacking PTP1B exhibited a higher rate of death. Moreover, these animals showed an enhanced response to irradiation, in agreement with the data obtained in the microarray analysis. In summary, these results indicate that, although inhibition of PTP1B has potential benefits for the treatment of diabetes, it accentuates pro-inflammatory responses compromising at least macrophage viability.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Galactosamine
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/deficiency
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Través
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pimentel-Santillana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Á González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mojena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Rico
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Calés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- IB-Alberto Sols, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain. Tel: +34 91585400; Fax: +34 915854401; E-mail: (AMV) or Tel/Fax: +34 914972747; E-mail: (LB)
| | - L Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- IB-Alberto Sols, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain. Tel: +34 91585400; Fax: +34 915854401; E-mail: (AMV) or Tel/Fax: +34 914972747; E-mail: (LB)
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17
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Bekhalo VA, Sysoliatina EV, Zaĭtseva LG, Kireeva IV, Shmigol' TA, Potapenko AI, Nagurskaia EV. [Dual role of photosensibilizator merocyanine 540 as a bactericidal agent and immune reaction regulator]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2014:3-10. [PMID: 25051690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Develop conditions for inactivation of staphylococcus by using photosensibilizator merocyanine 540 (MC540) for the production of antigenic preparation (AP). Study some of immune reactions to AP and the possibility of regulation of DTH reaction to AP under the effect of MC540. MATERIALS AND METHODS Merocyanine 540 (MC540, Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) is used in the study. MC540 and Staphylococcus aureus, strain 78 (Sa78) were irradiated by light of a mercury-quartz lamp DRSH-250 (Zelenograd). C56BL/6 line mice were immunized once by subcutaneous administration of AP. DTH reaction was tested 7 days after the immunization. Functional activity of peritoneal exudate macrophages was determined 1 and 9 days after the immunization. Immune modulating effect of MC540 in DTH was determined after its per os administration to mice 1 hour after AP sensibilization. RESULTS In order to obtain AP, S. aureus suspension at the concentration of 2.5 x 10(7) CFU/ml in 25 microM MC540 solution and 0.25 M NaCl solution were exposed to irradiation for 5 minutes. During DTH reaction induction its intensity dependence on AP dose was revealed. A persistent increase of a lysosomatic enzyme cathepsin D in macrophages of peritoneal exudate after a single administration of AP was noted. During MC540 irradiation an accumulation of photoproducts that have a pronounced immune suppression effect in DTH reaction had a dose-dependent character. CONCLUSION Use of saline allows to increase bactericidal potential of a photosensibilizator (PS). However during therapy of localized forms of infection a possible immune modulating effect of PS on macro organism should be considered. By varying PS dose and irradiation time not only maximum bactericidal effect can be achieved but also regulation of inflammatory reactions in the area of PS effect can be ensured.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Cathepsin D/metabolism
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/microbiology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/prevention & control
- Immunization
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Light
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Lysosomes/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/radiation effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
- Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/radiation effects
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18
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Ní Gabhann J, Hams E, Smith S, Wynne C, Byrne JC, Brennan K, Spence S, Kissenpfennig A, Johnston JA, Fallon PG, Jefferies CA. Btk regulates macrophage polarization in response to lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85834. [PMID: 24465735 PMCID: PMC3897530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a strong inducer of inflammation and does so by inducing polarization of macrophages to the classic inflammatory M1 population. Given the role of Btk as a critical signal transducer downstream of TLR4, we investigated its role in M1/M2 induction. In Btk deficient (Btk−\−) mice we observed markedly reduced recruitment of M1 macrophages following intraperitoneal administration of LPS. Ex vivo analysis demonstrated an impaired ability of Btk−/− macrophages to polarize into M1 macrophages, instead showing enhanced induction of immunosuppressive M2-associated markers in response to M1 polarizing stimuli, a finding accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation. In addition to STAT activation, M1 and M2 polarizing signals modulate the expression of inflammatory genes via differential activation of transcription factors and regulatory proteins, including NF-κB and SHIP1. In keeping with a critical role for Btk in macrophage polarization, we observed reduced levels of NF-κB p65 and Akt phosphorylation, as well as reduced induction of the M1 associated marker iNOS in Btk−/− macrophages in response to M1 polarizing stimuli. Additionally enhanced expression of SHIP1, a key negative regulator of macrophage polarisation, was observed in Btk−/− macrophages in response to M2 polarizing stimuli. Employing classic models of allergic M2 inflammation, treatment of Btk−/− mice with either Schistosoma mansoni eggs or chitin resulted in increased recruitment of M2 macrophages and induction of M2-associated genes. This demonstrates an enhanced M2 skew in the absence of Btk, thus promoting the development of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ní Gabhann
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Hams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Smith
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Wynne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer C. Byrne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kiva Brennan
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shaun Spence
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline A. Jefferies
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Tsukuba T, Yanagawa M, Kadowaki T, Takii R, Okamoto Y, Sakai E, Okamoto K, Yamamoto K. Cathepsin E deficiency impairs autophagic proteolysis in macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82415. [PMID: 24340026 PMCID: PMC3855462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin E is an endosomal aspartic proteinase that is predominantly expressed in immune-related cells. Recently, we showed that macrophages derived from cathepsin E-deficient (CatE(-/-)) mice display accumulation of lysosomal membrane proteins and abnormal membrane trafficking. In this study, we demonstrated that CatE(-/-) macrophages exhibit abnormalities in autophagy, a bulk degradation system for aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. CatE(-/-) macrophages showed increased accumulation of autophagy marker proteins such as LC3 and p62, and polyubiquitinated proteins. Cathepsin E deficiency also altered autophagy-related signaling pathways such as those mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Akt, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy analyses showed that LC3-positive vesicles were merged with acidic compartments in wild-type macrophages, but not in CatE(-/-) macrophages, indicating inhibition of fusion of autophagosome with lysosomes in CatE(-/-) cells. Delayed degradation of LC3 protein was also observed under starvation-induced conditions. Since the autophagy system is involved in the degradation of damaged mitochondria, we examined the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in CatE(-/-) macrophages. Several mitochondrial abnormalities such as decreased intracellular ATP levels, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption were observed. Such mitochondrial dysfunction likely led to the accompanying oxidative stress. In fact, CatE(-/-) macrophages showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and up-regulation of oxidized peroxiredoxin-6, but decreased antioxidant glutathione. These results indicate that cathepsin E deficiency causes autophagy impairment concomitantly with increased aberrant mitochondria as well as increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tsukuba
- Division of Oral Pathopharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michiyo Yanagawa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Division of Oral Pathopharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Daiichi University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Division of Oral Pathopharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Division of Oral Pathopharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Proteolysis Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Dan-Goor M, Nasereddin A, Jaber H, Jaffe CL. Identification of a secreted casein kinase 1 in Leishmania donovani: effect of protein over expression on parasite growth and virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79287. [PMID: 24260187 PMCID: PMC3829951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) plays an important role in eukaryotic signaling pathways, and their substrates include key regulatory proteins involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and chromosome segregation. The Leishmania genome encodes six potential CK1 isoforms, of which five have orthologs in other trypanosomatidae. Leishmania donovani CK1 isoform 4 (Ldck1.4, orthologous to LmjF27.1780) is unique to Leishmania and contains a putative secretion signal peptide. The full-length gene and three shorter constructs were cloned and expressed in E. coli as His-tag proteins. Only the full-length 62.3 kDa protein showed protein kinase activity indicating that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are essential for protein activity. LdCK1.4-FLAG was stably over expressed in L. donovani, and shown by immunofluorescence to be localized primarily in the cytosol. Western blotting using anti-FLAG and anti-CK1.4 antibodies showed that this CK1 isoform is expressed and secreted by promastigotes. Over expression of LdCK1.4 had a significant effect on promastigote growth in culture with these parasites growing to higher cell densities than the control parasites (wild-type or Ld:luciferase, P<0.001). Analysis by flow cytometry showed a higher percentage, ∼4-5-fold, of virulent metacyclic promastigotes on day 3 among the LdCK1.4 parasites. Finally, parasites over expressing LdCK1.4 gave significantly higher infections of mouse peritoneal macrophages compared to wild-type parasites, 28.6% versus 6.3%, respectively (p = 0.0005). These results suggest that LdCK1.4 plays an important role in parasite survival and virulence. Further studies are needed to validate CK1.4 as a therapeutic target in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dan-Goor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Charles L. Jaffe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Kang YS, Kang YG, Park HJ, Wee HJ, Jang HO, Bae MK, Bae SK. Melatonin inhibits visfatin-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in macrophages. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:294-303. [PMID: 23869429 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages, which has been reported to be suppressed by melatonin, has an important contribution in the development of pathological inflammation. Visfatin, an adipokine, regulates the expression of various inflammatory factors, leading to inflammation; however, the influence of visfatin on iNOS-driven processes in macrophages is unclear. Here, we report the assessment of the role of visfatin in the regulation of iNOS gene expression in macrophages. Our data show that the levels of iNOS protein in peritoneal macrophages as well as nitric oxide (NO) in blood plasma were significantly lower after lipopolysaccharide treatment in visfatin(+/-) mice than those in the WT mice. In addition, visfatin increases iNOS mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells, along with increasing production of NO. The enhancement of iNOS expression was prevented by treating the cells with inhibitors of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. Our results also show that visfatin-induced iNOS expression and NO production were significantly inhibited by melatonin, an effect that was closely associated with a reduction in phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3 levels and with the inhibition of p65 translocation into nucleus. In conclusion, our data show, for the first time, that melatonin suppresses visfatin-induced iNOS upregulation in macrophages by inhibiting the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, our data suggest that melatonin could be therapeutically useful for attenuating the development of visfatin-iNOS axis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soon Kang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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22
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23
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, da Silva MS, Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Salvador MJ, Frankland Sawaya ACH, Souza-Brito ARM, de la Lastra CA. Abarema cochliacarpos reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages regulating ROS-MAPK signal pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:140-147. [PMID: 23792124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and Grimes (Fabaceae), known by the vulgar name of Babatenã, has been traditionally used in Northeast Brazil, as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects in skin lesion, alcohol gastric ulcer and acute and chronic colitis. AIMS The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the butanolic fraction from A. cochliacarpos (BFAC) and its major flavonoid, (+)-catechin, in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s and NF-kB signaling pathways possibly involved in the beneficial effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quantification of the extract was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Cell viability was determined using SRB assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by Griess method and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescence analysis. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, MAPK activation and IkappaBalpha (IKBα) degradation, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS After BFAC characterization, (+)-catechin was revealed as its major constituent. Both BFAC and (+)-catechin, exerted significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting LPS-induced intracellular ROS and NO production in peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, the extract but also its major component reduced pro-inflammatory proteins expression probably through c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the beneficial effects of BFAC might be mediated, at least in part, by the presence of (+)-catechin. Conclusively our findings confirm the potential of A. cochliacarpos as a new therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sánchez-Fidalgo
- Department Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
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24
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Abstract
Measures that bolster the resolution phase of infectious diseases may offer new opportunities for improving outcome. Here we show that inactivation of microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can be required for animals to recover from the innate immune tolerance that follows exposure to Gram-negative bacteria. When wildtype mice are exposed to small parenteral doses of LPS or Gram-negative bacteria, their macrophages become reprogrammed (tolerant) for a few days before they resume normal function. Mice that are unable to inactivate LPS, in contrast, remain tolerant for several months; during this time they respond sluggishly to Gram-negative bacterial challenge, with high mortality. We show here that prolonged macrophage reprogramming is maintained in vivo by the persistence of stimulatory LPS molecules within the cells' in vivo environment, where naïve cells can acquire LPS via cell-cell contact or from the extracellular fluid. The findings provide strong evidence that inactivation of a stimulatory microbial molecule can be required for animals to regain immune homeostasis following parenteral exposure to bacteria. Measures that disable microbial molecules might enhance resolution of tissue inflammation and help restore innate defenses in individuals recovering from many different infectious diseases. We showed previously that mice lacking acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH), the host enzyme that inactivates Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are unable to regain normal immune responsiveness for many weeks/months after they are exposed in vivo to a small amount of LPS or Gram-negative bacteria. The many possible explanations for slow recovery included long-lasting epigenetic changes in macrophages or other host cells, chronically stimulated cells that produce certain mediators, and persistent signaling by internalized LPS within macrophages. Using several in vivo techniques to study peritoneal macrophages, we found that none of these mechanisms was correct. Rather, prolonged recovery is caused by intact LPS that remains in the environment where macrophages live and can pass from one cell to another in vivo. This is the first evidence that the persistence of a bioactive microbial agonist, per se, can prevent resolution of inflammation in vivo. It also identifies the stimulatory microbial molecule as a realistic target for intervention – in further support, we found that providing recombinant AOAH can be partially preventive. In a larger sense, showing that chemical inactivation of one important microbial signaling molecule is required for full recovery should encourage efforts to find out whether disabling other microbial agonists (chitin, lipopeptides, flagella, others) also benefits infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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25
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Blich M, Golan A, Arvatz G, Sebbag A, Shafat I, Sabo E, Cohen-Kaplan V, Petcherski S, Avniel-Polak S, Eitan A, Hammerman H, Aronson D, Axelman E, Ilan N, Nussbaum G, Vlodavsky I. Macrophage activation by heparanase is mediated by TLR-2 and TLR-4 and associates with plaque progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:e56-65. [PMID: 23162016 PMCID: PMC3548034 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.254961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors and mechanisms that activate macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques are incompletely understood. We examined the capacity of heparanase to activate macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Highly purified heparanase was added to mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-like J774 cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interlukin-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were evaluated by ELISA. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cells collected from Toll-like receptor-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 knockout mice were evaluated similarly. Heparanase levels in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and healthy subjects were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of heparanase in control specimens and specimens of patients with stable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Addition or overexpression of heparanase variants resulted in marked increase in tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interlukin-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels. Mouse peritoneal macrophages harvested from Toll-like receptor-2 or Toll-like receptor-4 knockout mice were not activated by heparanase. Plasma heparanase level was higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction, compared with patients with stable angina and healthy subjects. Pathologic coronary specimens obtained from vulnerable plaques showed increased heparanase staining compared with specimens of stable plaque and controls. CONCLUSIONS Heparanase activates macrophages, resulting in marked induction of cytokine expression associated with plaque progression toward vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miry Blich
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amnon Golan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Arvatz
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Sebbag
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itay Shafat
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edmond Sabo
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Victoria Cohen-Kaplan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shani Avniel-Polak
- Institute of Dental Science, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Eitan
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haim Hammerman
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elena Axelman
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Science, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Miroshnichenko SM, Kovalenko GA, Tsirel'nikov NI, Panin LE. [Comparative analysis of morphofunctional indicators of peritoneal macrophages in mice of the cancer line A/SN and white outbred mice]. Vopr Onkol 2013; 59:771-776. [PMID: 24624790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A study of the functional state of peritoneal macrophages was conducted of white outbred mice (W/o) which were resistant to cancer pathology as well as the mice of the A/sn line prone to development of cancer diseases. It was reveald that due to induction of aseptic inflammation ( induced by starch administration), chemotaxis of macrophages of the oncological line was 2.5-3 times reduced and capacity to adhesion was 1.5-2 times lower than capacity of macrophages of the control group (W/o). The paint on F-actin of cytoskeleton in cells showed that cells of the control group form filopodia as a result of adhesion to the substrate, during intercellular contacts as well as during macrophage incubation with retinoic acid. Macrophages A/sn can form pseudopodia when exposed to retinoic acid. Macrophages of both groups of mice were shown to be producer of endonucleases. The same activity of these enzymes was provided by the number of cells which was 1.5-2 times fewer in mice of the A/sn line.
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Jiang L, Salao K, Li H, Rybicka JM, Yates RM, Luo XW, Shi XX, Kuffner T, Tsai VWW, Husaini Y, Wu L, Brown DA, Grewal T, Brown LJ, Curmi PMG, Breit SN. Intracellular chloride channel protein CLIC1 regulates macrophage function through modulation of phagosomal acidification. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5479-88. [PMID: 22956539 PMCID: PMC3561857 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular chloride channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is a 241 amino acid protein of the glutathione S transferase fold family with redox- and pH-dependent membrane association and chloride ion channel activity. Whilst CLIC proteins are evolutionarily conserved in Metazoa, indicating an important role, little is known about their biology. CLIC1 was first cloned on the basis of increased expression in activated macrophages. We therefore examined its subcellular localisation in murine peritoneal macrophages by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In resting cells, CLIC1 is observed in punctate cytoplasmic structures that do not colocalise with markers for endosomes or secretory vesicles. However, when these macrophages phagocytose serum-opsonised zymosan, CLIC1 translocates onto the phagosomal membrane. Macrophages from CLIC1(-/-) mice display a defect in phagosome acidification as determined by imaging live cells phagocytosing zymosan tagged with the pH-sensitive fluorophore Oregon Green. This altered phagosomal acidification was not accompanied by a detectable impairment in phagosomal-lysosomal fusion. However, consistent with a defect in acidification, CLIC1(-/-) macrophages also displayed impaired phagosomal proteolytic capacity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Further, CLIC1(-/-) mice were protected from development of serum transfer induced K/BxN arthritis. These data all point to an important role for CLIC1 in regulating macrophage function through its ion channel activity and suggest it is a suitable target for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Jiang
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kanin Salao
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna M. Rybicka
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M. Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xu Wei Luo
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xin Xin Shi
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tamara Kuffner
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yasmin Husaini
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Liyun Wu
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David A. Brown
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louise J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul M. G. Curmi
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Jialal I, Devaraj S. Antisense to protein kinase C-alpha and p47phox attenuates the pro-inflammatory effects of human C-reactive protein in macrophages of biobreeding diabetic rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2012; 9:315-9. [PMID: 22801596 PMCID: PMC3523880 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112452165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Previously, we showed that CRP accentuated a macrophage (MO) activity in spontaneously diabetic biobreeding (BB) rats and increased the MO activity of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) and p47phox. In this report, we tested the effects of molecular inhibition of CRP effects on MO activity using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to both PKC-α and p47phox. METHODS Prior to administration of human C-reactive protein (hCRP) daily for 3 days, ASO or scrambled ASO to either PKC-α or p47phox was also delivered for 3 days and after killing on day 4, peritoneal MOs were isolated. RESULTS The increase in the levels of superoxide anion, interleukin (IL)-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 release in MOs with hCRP compared to human albumin was significantly attenuated by antisense to either PKC-α and p47phox (p < 0.01 vs. scrambled ASO; n = 5 per group). CONCLUSION Our novel data suggest that antisense to either PKC-α or p47phox attenuates the pro-inflammatory effects of human CRP on MOs in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Ding L, Biswas S, Morton RE, Smith JD, Hay N, Byzova T, Febbraio M, Podrez E. Akt3 deficiency in macrophages promotes foam cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice. Cell Metab 2012; 15:861-72. [PMID: 22632897 PMCID: PMC3372639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Akt, a serine-threonine protein kinase, exists as three isoforms. The Akt signaling pathway controls multiple cellular functions in the cardiovascular system, and the atheroprotective endothelial cell-dependent role of Akt1 has been recently demonstrated. The role of Akt3 isoform in cardiovascular pathophysiology is not known. We explored the role of Akt3 in atherosclerosis using mice with a genetic ablation of the Akt3 gene. Using hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice, we demonstrated a macrophage-dependent, atheroprotective role for Akt3. In vitro experiments demonstrated differential subcellular localization of Akt1 and Akt3 in macrophages and showed that Akt3 specifically inhibits macrophage cholesteryl ester accumulation and foam cell formation, a critical early event in atherogenesis. Mechanistically, Akt3 suppresses foam cell formation by reducing lipoprotein uptake and promoting ACAT-1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These studies demonstrate the nonredundant atheroprotective role for Akt3 exerted via the previously unknown link between the Akt signaling pathway and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
| | - Sudipta Biswas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
| | | | | | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Tatiana Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
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Tripathi YB, Chaturvedi AP, Pandey N. Effect of Nigella sativa seeds extracts on iNOS through antioxidant potential only: crude/total extract as molecular therapy drug. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:413-418. [PMID: 22734252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is general belief that only pure phytomolecules may be used as molecular therapeutic agent through one to one action. However, the traditional systems of medicine e.g. Ayurveda, uses the crude extracts, mostly water decoctions and oils, as drug. A comparative study of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of N. Sativa seeds has been carried out on fresh rat-peritoneal-macrophage culture with reference to their role on various targets of lipopolysaccharide induced release of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The results indicated significant antioxidant potential with methanolic extract as most effective. Its mechanism of action was proposed primarily through its antioxidant potential and not through direct inhibition of other kinases, involved in its signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini B Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Zhou H, Zhang F, Chen SH, Zhang D, Wilson B, Hong JS, Gao HM. Rotenone activates phagocyte NADPH oxidase by binding to its membrane subunit gp91phox. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:303-13. [PMID: 22094225 PMCID: PMC3253173 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, reproduces parkinsonism in rodents and associates with increased risk for Parkinson disease. We previously reported that rotenone increased superoxide production by stimulating the microglial phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX). This study identified a novel mechanism by which rotenone activates PHOX. Ligand-binding assay revealed that rotenone directly bound to membrane gp91(phox), the catalytic subunit of PHOX; such binding was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, a PHOX inhibitor with a binding site on gp91(phox). Functional studies showed that both membrane and cytosolic subunits were required for rotenone-induced superoxide production in cell-free systems, intact phagocytes, and COS7 cells transfected with membrane subunits (gp91(phox)/p22(phox)) and cytosolic subunits (p67(phox) and p47(phox)). Rotenone-elicited extracellular superoxide release in p47(phox)-deficient macrophages suggested that rotenone enabled activation of PHOX through a p47(phox)-independent mechanism. Increased membrane translocation of p67(phox), elevated binding of p67(phox) to rotenone-treated membrane fractions, and coimmunoprecipitation of p67(phox) and gp91(phox) in rotenone-treated wild-type and p47(phox)-deficient macrophages indicated that p67(phox) played a critical role in rotenone-induced PHOX activation via its direct interaction with gp91(phox). Rac1, a Rho-like small GTPase, enhanced p67(phox)-gp91(phox) interaction; Rac1 inhibition decreased rotenone-elicited superoxide release. In conclusion, rotenone directly interacted with gp91(phox); such an interaction triggered membrane translocation of p67(phox), leading to PHOX activation and superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Feng Zhang
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Shih-heng Chen
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Dan Zhang
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Belinda Wilson
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Jau-shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
- Address correspondence to Hui-Ming Gao, MD F1-01, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Telephone: (919) 541-5162. Fax: (919) 541-0841.
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. Injection of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) to mice stimulates their HDL and macrophage antiatherogenicity. Biofactors 2011; 37:462-7. [PMID: 22162319 DOI: 10.1002/biof.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed, for the first time, the effects of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) intraperitoneal injection to C₅₇BL/6 mice on their HDL and macrophage antiatherogenic properties. Thioglycolate-treated mice were injected with either saline (Control), or rePON1 (50 μg/mouse), and 20 H post injection, their blood samples and peritoneal macrophages (MPM) were collected. A significant increase in serum and HDL-PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities was noted. Similarly, a significant increment, by 3.8 and 2.8 fold, in MPM-PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities, respectively, as compared to the activities in control MPM was observed. The HDL from rePON1-injected mice was resistant to oxidation by copper ions as compared to control HDL. Furthermore, enrichment of the mouse HDL with rePON1 increased its ability to induce cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophage cell line, and to inhibit macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. In MPM from rePON1-injected mice vs. control MPM, there was a significant reduction in cholesterol mass, by 42%, in association with inhibition in cellular cholesterol biosynthesis rate, by 33%, and with significant stimulation, by 65%, of human HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from the cells. We conclude that rePON1 injection to mice improved the mice HDL and MPM antiatherogenic properties, and these effects could probably lead to attenuation of atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Lu Z, Yuan Z, Miyoshi T, Wang Q, Su Z, Chang CC, Shi W. Identification of Soat1 as a quantitative trait locus gene on mouse chromosome 1 contributing to hyperlipidemia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25344. [PMID: 22022387 PMCID: PMC3194806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) on distal chromosome 1 contributing to major variations in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an intercross derived from C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Soat1, encoding sterol o-acyltransferase 1, is a functional candidate gene located underneath the proximal linkage peak. We sequenced the coding region of Soat1 and identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between B6 and C3H mice. Two of the SNPs resulted in amino-acid substitutions (Ile147Val and His205Tyr). Functional assay revealed an increased enzyme activity of Soat1 in peritoneal macrophages of C3H mice relative to those of B6 mice despite comparable protein expression levels. Allelic variants of Soat1 were associated with variations in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an intercross between B6.apoE−/− and C3H.apoE−/− mice. Inheritance of the C3H allele resulted in significantly higher plasma lipid levels than inheritance of the B6 allele. Soat1 variants were also significantly linked to major variations in plasma esterified cholesterol levels but not with free cholesterol levels. Trangenic expression of C3H Soat1 in B6.apoE−/− mice resulted in elevations of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results indicate that Soat1 is a QTL gene contributing to hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongji Lu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zuobiao Yuan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Catherine C. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Yu C, Pan Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Ye F, Yang S, Zhang H, Li X, Liang G. A novel compound C12 inhibits inflammatory cytokine production and protects from inflammatory injury in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24377. [PMID: 21931698 PMCID: PMC3169595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are main anti-inflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents is urgently needed. A novel hydrosoluble compound, C12 (2,6-bis(4-(3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy)benzylidene)cyclohexanone), has been designed and synthesized as an anti-inflammatory agent in our previous study. In the present study, we investigated whether C12 can affect inflammatory processes in vitro and in vivo. In mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, C12 potently inhibited the production of the proinflammatory gene expression including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE synthase. The activity of C12 was partly dependent on inhibition of ERK/JNK (but p38) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. In vivo, C12 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in plasma and liver, attenuated lung histopathology, and significantly reduced mortality in endotoxemic mice. In addition, the pre-treatment with C12 reduced the inflammatory pain in the acetic acid and formalin models and reduced the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-increased vascular permeability. Taken together, C12 has multiple anti-inflammatory effects. These findings, coupled with the low toxicity and hydrosolubility of C12, suggests that this agent may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Yu
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Pan
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Li
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqing Ye
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Norman Bethune College of Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zeng H, Dou S, Zhao J, Fan S, Yuan X, Zhu S, Li L, Zhang W, Liu R. The inhibitory activities of the components of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) on eicosanoid generation via lipoxygenase pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:561-568. [PMID: 21466840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory use. In the present study, the effects of its component herbs and pure components were observed on eicosanoid generation to find out the contributory components and their precise targets on arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. MATERIALS AND METHODS By monitoring leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT), we compared the effects of HLJDT, HLJDT free of one or two component herbs, and water extract of four single component herbs of HLJDT (Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellariae, Cortex phellodendri and Fructus gardeniae) on eicosanoid generation in rat elicited peritoneal macrophages. In addition, thirteen pure compounds from HLJDT (baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, berberine, magnoflorine, phellodendrine, coptisine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, crocin, chlorogenic acid, and geniposide) were tested in the macrophages. Furthermore, the efficacies of these thirteen compounds were evaluated on cell-free purified enzymes: leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H), 5-, 15-lipoxygenase (5-, 15-LO), and cyclo-oxygenase-1/2 (COX-1/2). Moreover, the possible synergetic effect on LO pathway derived LTB(4) generation between the active components was also tested in rat peritoneal macrophages. RESULTS Our experiments showed that Rhizoma coptidis and Radix scutellariae were responsible for the suppressive effect of HLJDT on eicosanoid generation. Some of the pure components including baicalein, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin, coptisine, and magnoflorine inhibited eicosanoid generation in rat macrophages via LO pathway of AA cascade. Further experiments on cell-free purified enzymes confirmed that Radix scutellariae derived baicalein and baicalin showed significant inhibition on 5-LO and 15-LO, while Rhizoma coptidis derived coptisine showed medium inhibition on LTA(4)H. On the other hand, no significant inhibition of thirteen components on COX-1/2 was observed. Moreover, the slight synergetic inhibition on LTB(4) between baicalein and coptisine was proved in the rat peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein and coptisine, the active components of HLJDT, for the first time are found to interfere with arachidonic acid cascade via inhibition on different points of LO pathway. This finding makes the mechanism of HLJDT clearer and achieves its safer therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawu Zeng
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Li FX, Li SS. Effects of andrographolide on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB in mouse peritoneal macrophage-derived foam cells. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 18:391-4. [PMID: 21526367 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of andrographolide on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in macrophage foam cells. METHODS The mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the media in the presence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), ox-LDL+andrographolide, or neither (control). The phosphorylation of MAPK molecules (p38MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2) and the expressions of NK-κB p65 were examined by Western blot. RESULTS As compared with cells in the control group, the expressions of phospho-p38 and NF-κB p65 were increased in the cells cultured with either ox-LDL or ox-LDL+andrographolide (P<0.01), but attenuated significantly in the presence of ox-LDL+ andrographolide when compared with ox-LDL (P<0.05). The phospho-JNK increased in the presence of either ox-LDL or ox-LDL+andrographolide when compared with control cells (P<0.01), but no significant difference existed between ox-LDL and ox-LDL+andrographolide (P>0.05). The expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was increased in the presence of ox-LDL compared with the control cells (P<0.01), but no significant differences existed between the cells cultured in the presence of ox-LDL+andrographolide and the control medium (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide could inhibit the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and NK-κB induced by ox-LDL in macrophage foam cells, which might be one of its mechanisms in preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-xing Li
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Won DP, Lee JS, Kwon DS, Lee KE, Shin WC, Hong EK. Immunostimulating activity by polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus. Mol Cells 2011; 31:165-73. [PMID: 21191814 PMCID: PMC3932689 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus (PFIO). Additionally, the signaling pathway of PFIO-mediated macrophage activation was investigated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We found that PFIO was capable of promoting NO/ROS production, TNF-α secretion and phagocytic uptake in macrophages, as well as cell proliferation, comitogenic effect and IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion in mouse splenocytes. PFIO was able to induce the phosphorylation of three MAPKs as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in activation of RAW264.7 macrophages. PFIO also induced the inhibition of TNF-α secretion by anti-TLR2 mAb, consequently, PFIO might be involved in TNF-α secretion via the TLR2 receptor. In addition, our results showed that oral administration of PFIO suppressed in vivo growth of melanoma tumor in tumorbearing mice. In conclusion, our experiments presented that PFIO effectively promotes macrophage activation through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PFIO may potentially regulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eock Kee Hong
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Suram S, Gangelhoff TA, Taylor PR, Rosas M, Brown GD, Bonventre JV, Akira S, Uematsu S, Williams DL, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Pathways regulating cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation and eicosanoid production in macrophages by Candida albicans. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30676-85. [PMID: 20643646 PMCID: PMC2945562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.143800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages are activated by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to release eicosanoids, which are important modulators of inflammation and immune responses. Our objective was to identify the macrophage receptors engaged by C. albicans that mediate activation of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)α), a regulatory enzyme that releases arachidonic acid (AA) for production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. A comparison of peritoneal macrophages from wild type and knock-out mice demonstrates that the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and MyD88 regulate early release of AA and eicosanoids in response to C. albicans. However, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and later phase eicosanoid production are defective in MyD88(-/-) but not Dectin-1(-/-) macrophages. Furthermore, C. albicans-stimulated activation of MAPK and phosphorylation of cPLA(2)α on Ser-505 are regulated by MyD88 and not Dectin-1. In contrast, Dectin-1 mediates MAPK activation, cPLA(2)α phosphorylation, and COX2 expression in response to particulate β-glucan suggesting that other receptors engaged by C. albicans preferentially mediate these responses. Results also implicate the mannan-binding receptor Dectin-2 in regulating cPLA(2)α. C. albicans-stimulated MAPK activation and AA release are blocked by d-mannose and Dectin-2-specific antibody, and overexpression of Dectin-2 in RAW264.7 macrophages enhances C. albicans-stimulated MAPK activation, AA release, and COX2 expression. In addition, calcium mobilization is enhanced in RAW264.7 macrophages overexpressing Dectin-1 or -2. The results demonstrate that C. albicans engages both β-glucan and mannan-binding receptors on macrophages that act with MyD88 to regulate the activation of cPLA(2)α and eicosanoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Suram
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Todd A. Gangelhoff
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- the Department of Infection, Immunity, and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Rosas
- the Department of Infection, Immunity, and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 22D Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- the Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Shizuo Akira
- the Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- the Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - David L. Williams
- the Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, and
| | | | - Christina C. Leslie
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
- the Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Abstract
CONTEXT Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. (Lythraceae), a non-rasayana immunomodulatory Indian medicinal plant, used traditionally as an anthelmintic, in dysentery, leprosy, blood diseases, leucorrhea, and menorrhagia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ethanol extract of W. fruticosa flowers on non-specific immune responses in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro immunomodulatory activity of the extract was examined on murine peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis (nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction, lysosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase) and on proliferation of bone marrow cells by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while the in vivo potential on macrophages and bone marrow cells was evaluated by using carbon clearance test and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, respectively. RESULTS Significant increase in the release of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide lysosomal enzyme and superoxide from macrophages along with significant increase in phagocytic index in carbon clearance test indicate stimulatory activity of the extract on macrophages. The extract also demonstrated 60% increase in bone marrow cell proliferation and offer protection towards cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression which represents the stimulation of bone marrow activity. DISCUSSION Significant increase in mediators released from macrophages and phagocytic index in carbon clearance test suggests the release of cytokines from macrophages and stimulation of reticulo-endothelial system. Proliferation of bone marrow cells indicates the plausible release of colony stimulating factors, which further stimulates the immune system through generation of immune cells. CONCLUSION The result described here indicates the immunostimulatory activity of ethanol extract of W. fruticosa flowers by stimulating non-specific immune responses, macrophages and bone marrow cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/toxicity
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Flowers/chemistry
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Leukopenia/blood
- Leukopenia/chemically induced
- Leukopenia/drug therapy
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Lysosomes/enzymology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Mice
- Myeloablative Agonists/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myeloablative Agonists/toxicity
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Woodfordia/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Qin R, Chen ML, Zhu K, Deng JB, Shi YY. [Sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficiency decreases atherosclerosis and inhibits inflammation in mice]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2010; 62:333-338. [PMID: 20717634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasma sphingomyelin (SM) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, and sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) contributes to de novo SM biosynthesis and plasma membrane SM levels. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in vivo role of SMS2 deficiency in serum SM metabolism and atherosclerosis (AS) development. We used male SMS2 knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and C57BL/6J (wild-type, WT) mice as experimental and control groups, respectively. Each group was fed high-fat diet (1% cholesterol, 20% leaf fat), as well as bile salt for accelerating the atherosclerotic formation. After three months of feeding, the mice were killed to observe aortic arches and oil red-stained longitudinal sections of thoracoabdominal aortae. Fasting blood samples were taken from the tail vein before and after high-fat diet, and the serum lipid and SM levels were measured by using kits and enzymatic method respectively. Western blot was used to analyze the contents of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) p65 subunit in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after high-fat diet. The results showed that after high-fat diet, SMS2(-/-) mice presented decreased atherosclerotic lesions in aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aorta compared with WT mice. Regardless of whether high-fat diet were given or not, SMS2(-/-) mice showed a significant decrease in serum SM level (P<0.05), but no significant changes in serum lipid levels, compared with WT mice. The expressions of NFkappaB p65 were attenuated in macrophages from SMS2(-/-) mice in response to LPS stimulation compared with those of the WT mice. These results suggest that SMS2 deficiency decreases AS and inhibits inflammation in mice. Thus, SMS2 deficiency may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Rodríguez-Prados JC, Través PG, Cuenca J, Rico D, Aragonés J, Martín-Sanz P, Cascante M, Boscá L. Substrate fate in activated macrophages: a comparison between innate, classic, and alternative activation. J Immunol 2010; 185:605-14. [PMID: 20498354 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a relevant role in innate and adaptive immunity depending on the balance of the stimuli received. From an analytical and functional point of view, macrophage stimulation can be segregated into three main modes, as follows: innate, classic, and alternative pathways. These differential activations result in the expression of specific sets of genes involved in the release of pro- or anti-inflammatory stimuli. In the present work, we have analyzed whether specific metabolic patterns depend on the signaling pathway activated. A [1,2-(13)C(2)]glucose tracer-based metabolomics approach has been used to characterize the metabolic flux distributions in macrophages stimulated through the classic, innate, and alternative pathways. Using this methodology combined with mass isotopomer distribution analysis of the new formed metabolites, the data show that activated macrophages are essentially glycolytic cells, and a clear cutoff between the classic/innate activation and the alternative pathway exists. Interestingly, macrophage activation through LPS/IFN-gamma or TLR-2, -3, -4, and -9 results in similar flux distribution patterns regardless of the pathway activated. However, stimulation through the alternative pathway has minor metabolic effects. The molecular basis of the differences between these two types of behavior involves a switch in the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK2) from the liver type-PFK2 to the more active ubiquitous PFK2 isoenzyme, which responds to Hif-1alpha activation and increases fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration and the glycolytic flux. However, using macrophages targeted for Hif-1alpha, the switch of PFK2 isoenzymes still occurs in LPS/IFN-gamma-activated macrophages, suggesting that this pathway regulates ubiquitous PFK2 expression through Hif-1alpha-independent mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Activation/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Glycolysis/genetics
- Glycolysis/immunology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/deficiency
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Macrophage Activation/genetics
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphofructokinase-2/metabolism
- Phosphofructokinase-2/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Substrate Specificity/genetics
- Substrate Specificity/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Rodríguez-Prados
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Danilets MG, Bel'skiĭ IP, Gur'ev AM, Belousov MV, Bel'skaia NV, Trofimova ES, Uchasova EG, Alhmedzhanov RR, Ligacheva AA, Iusbov MS, Agefonov VI. [Effect of plant polysaccharides on TH1-dependent immune response: screening investigation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2010; 73:19-22. [PMID: 20726346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the influence of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Tussilago farfara L. leaves, Betula verrucosa Ehrh. leaves, Calendula officinalis L. flowers, Acorus calamus rhizomes, Inula helenium L. rhizomes, overground part of Trifolium pretense L., and overground part ofArtemisia absinthium L., on Thl immune response induced by sheep red blood cells and on NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. All the investigated polysaccharides have stimulated a Th1 response. Polysaccharides isolated from Betula verrucosa leaves did not influence NO synthesis, while polysaccharides of Tussilago farfara leaves and Acorus calamus rhizomes stimulated NO synthase of murine macrophages on a level comparable with that of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Polysaccharides from Inula helenium rhizomes, Calendula officinalis flowers, and overground parts of Trifolium pretense and Artemisia absinthium also stimulated NO production, but to a lower extent in comparison to LPS.
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43
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Somova LM, Plekhova NG, Goncharuk IN, Drobot EI. [Comparative characteristics of oxygen-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes infections]. Biomed Khim 2010; 56:373-380. [PMID: 20695216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of macrophages infected by bacteria, characterized by intraphagosomal (Staphylococcus aureus) and intracytoplasmatic (Listeria monocytogenes) localization in the phagocyte has been investigated. The correlation analysis revealed links between indices of the activity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of infected macrophages.
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44
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Amrouni D, Gautier-Sauvigné S, Meiller A, Vincendeau P, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Cespuglio R. Cerebral and peripheral changes occurring in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in a rat model of sleeping sickness: identification of brain iNOS expressing cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9211. [PMID: 20169057 PMCID: PMC2821905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implication of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) using an animal model, was examined. The manner by which the trypanocidal activity of NO is impaired in the periphery and in the brain of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) was analyzed through: (i) the changes occurring in NO concentration in both peripheral (blood) and cerebral compartments; (ii) the activity of nNOS and iNOS enzymes; (iii) identification of the brain cell types in which the NO-pathways are particularly active during the time-course of the infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS NO concentration (direct measures by voltammetry) was determined in central (brain) and peripheral (blood) compartments in healthy and infected animals at various days post-infection: D5, D10, D16 and D22. Opposite changes were observed in the two compartments. NO production increased in the brain (hypothalamus) from D10 (+32%) to D16 (+71%), but decreased in the blood from D10 (-22%) to D16 (-46%) and D22 (-60%). In parallel with NO measures, cerebral iNOS activity increased and peaked significantly at D16 (up to +700%). However, nNOS activity did not vary. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed iNOS activation in several brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus. In peritoneal macrophages, iNOS activity decreased from D10 (-83%) to D16 (-65%) and D22 (-74%) similarly to circulating NO. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The NO changes observed in our rat model were dependent on iNOS activity in both peripheral and central compartments. In the periphery, the NO production decrease may reflect an arginase-mediated synthesis of polyamines necessary to trypanosome growth. In the brain, the increased NO concentration may result from an enhanced activity of iNOS present in neurons and glial cells. It may be regarded as a marker of deleterious inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Amrouni
- University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, EA 4170 Laboratory of Free Radicals, Energy Substrates and Cerebral Physiopathology, & Neurochem platform, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Gautier-Sauvigné
- University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, EA 4170 Laboratory of Free Radicals, Energy Substrates and Cerebral Physiopathology, & Neurochem platform, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Meiller
- University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, EA 4170 Laboratory of Free Radicals, Energy Substrates and Cerebral Physiopathology, & Neurochem platform, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Vincendeau
- University of Bordeaux 2, EA 3677 Laboratory of Parasitology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Bouteille
- University of Limoges, EA 3174 Laboratory of Tropical and Compared Neuroepidemiology & IFR 145 GEIST, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Alain Buguet
- University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, EA 4170 Laboratory of Free Radicals, Energy Substrates and Cerebral Physiopathology, & Neurochem platform, Lyon, France
| | - Raymond Cespuglio
- University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine, EA 4170 Laboratory of Free Radicals, Energy Substrates and Cerebral Physiopathology, & Neurochem platform, Lyon, France
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Balog T, Sarić A, Sobocanec S, Kusić B, Marotti T. Endomorphin-suppressed nitric oxide release from mice peritoneal macrophages. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:25-9. [PMID: 20004470 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins are newly discovered mu-opioid receptor selective immunocompetent opioid peptides. Endomorphin 1 is predominantly distributed in brain, while endomorphin 2 is widely allocated in the spinal cord. Lately, endomorphins have been investigated as modulators of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide is short lived radical involved in various biological processes such as regulation of blood vessel contraction, inflammation, neurotransmission and apoptosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vivo effects of endomorphins on nitric oxide release and NOS 2 isoenzyme upregulation in mice peritoneal macrophages additionally challenged ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide. The results showed that endomorphin 1 or endomorphin 2 in vitro did not change NO release from peritoneal mouse macrophages during a 48 h incubation period. On the other hand in vivo endomorphins had suppressive effect on NO release as well as on NOS 2 and IL-1 protein concentration. The most of suppressive effect in vivo of both endomorphins was blocked with 30 min pretreatment with mu-receptor selective antagonist beta-FNA, which proved involvement of opioid receptor pathway in suppressive effects of endomorphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is characterized by fever, rash, hypotension, constitutional symptoms, and multi-organ involvement and is caused by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins such as Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). SEB binds to the MHC-IIalpha chain and is recognized by the TCRbeta chain of the Vbeta8 TCR(+) T cells. The binding of SEB to Vbeta chain results in rapid activation of T cells and production of inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interferon-gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha which mediate TSS. Although IL2 was originally identified as the T cell growth factor and was proposed to contribute to T cell differentiation, its role in TSS remains unexplored. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were injected with D-Gal (25 mg/mouse). One hour after D-Galactosamine (D-Gal) injection each mouse was injected with SEB (20 microg/mouse. Mice were then observed for 72 hrs and death was recorded at different times. We tested Interleukin-12, IFNgamma, and IL-2 deficient mice (IL-2(-/-)), but only the IL-2 deficient mice were resistant to SEB induced toxic shock syndrome. More importantly reconstitution of IL-2 in IL-2 deficient mice restored the shock. Interestingly, SEB induced IL-2 production from T cells was dependent on p38MAPK activation in macrophages as inhibition of it in macrophages significantly inhibited IL-2 production from T cells. CONCLUSION This study shows the importance of IL -2 in TSS which has not been previously explored and it also shows that regulating macrophages function can regulate T cells and TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Ali Khan
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
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Gabrielli E, Pericolini E, Cenci E, Ortelli F, Magliani W, Ciociola T, Bistoni F, Conti S, Vecchiarelli A, Polonelli L. Antibody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs): a bridge between adaptive and innate immunity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8187. [PMID: 19997599 PMCID: PMC2781551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been documented that, independently from the specificity of the native antibody (Ab) for a given antigen (Ag), complementarity determining regions (CDR)-related peptides may display differential antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor activities. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we demonstrate that a synthetic peptide with sequence identical to V(H)CDR3 of a mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb) specific for difucosyl human blood group A is easily taken up by macrophages with subsequent stimulation of: i) proinflammatory cytokine production; ii) PI3K-Akt pathway and iii) TLR-4 expression. Significantly, V(H)CDR3 exerts therapeutic effect against systemic candidiasis without possessing direct candidacidal properties. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results open a new scenario about the possibility that, beyond the half life of immunoglobulins, Ab fragments may effectively influence the antiinfective cellular immune response in a way reminiscent of regulatory peptides of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gabrielli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elio Cenci
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ortelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Walter Magliani
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bistoni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Conti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luciano Polonelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Matsuda D, Ohshiro T, Ohba M, Jiang W, Hong B, Si S, Tomoda H. The molecular target of rubimaillin in the inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1317-20. [PMID: 19652367 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The naphthohydroquinone rubimaillin, which has an angular-type three cyclic skeleton and was isolated from the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, was found to inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages and to selectively inhibit cholesteryl ester synthesis (IC(50): 18 microM). The metabolism of cholesterol from lysosomes to lipid droplets was inhibited by the compound with a similar IC(50) (45 microM). Moreover, rubimaillin inhibited acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT1) activity in ACAT1-expressing cells (IC(50): 80 microM). Thus, these data strongly suggest that rubimaillin inhibits macrophage ACAT activity in order to decrease cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis, leading to a reduction in the number of lipid droplets. Furthermore, rubimaillin was found to inhibit the ACAT2 isozyme in ACAT2-expressing cells (IC(50): 22 microM). We concluded that rubimaillin is a dual inhibitor of ACAT1 and ACAT2, but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nishishiro M, Kurihara T, Wakabayashi H, Sakagami H. Effect of tropolone, azulene and azulenequinone derivatives on prostaglandin E2 production by activated macrophage-like cells. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:379-383. [PMID: 19331176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that tropolone (T-3), 2,4-dibromo-7-methoxytropone (T-21), diethyl 2-chloroazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate (A-9), 1,3-difluoroazulene (A-11), 3-morpholino-1,5-azulenequinone (AQ-8) and 3,7-dibromo-1,5-azulenequinone (AQ-13) inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, with or without the inhibition of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression. In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory potency, possible effects on prostaglandin (PG) E2 production and the expression of enzymes involved in the arachidonic acid pathway were investigated. Among these six compounds, only A-9 effectively inhibited the PGE2 production of the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that A-9 inhibited phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and iNOS proteins only by 12, 45 and 42%, respectively. These data demonstrate the lack of correlation between the extent of inhibition of iNOS protein expression by tropolone or azulene derivatives and that of PGE2, and suggest the possible antiinflammatory potency of A-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nishishiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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