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Wang YJ, Tsai YM, Kuo YS, Lin KH, Wu TH, Huang HK, Lee SC, Huang TW, Chang H, Chen YY. The application of electrical impedance tomography and surgical outcomes of thoracoscope-assisted surgical stabilization of rib fractures in severe chest trauma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9669. [PMID: 38671072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Serious blunt chest trauma usually induces hemothorax, pneumothorax, and rib fractures. More studies have claimed that early video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) results in a good prognosis in patients with major trauma. This study aimed to verify the outcomes in patients with chest trauma whether SSRF was performed. Consecutive patients who were treated in a medical center in Taiwan, for traumatic events between January 2015 and June 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. This study focused on patients with major trauma and thoracic injuries, and they were divided into groups based on whether they received SSRF. We used electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to evaluate the change of ventilation conditions. Different scores used for the evaluation of trauma severity were also compared in this study. Among the 8396 patients who were included, 1529 (18.21%) had major trauma with injury severity score > 16 and were admitted to the intensive care unit initially. A total of 596 patients with chest trauma were admitted, of whom 519 (87%) survived. Younger age and a lower trauma score (including injury severity scale, new injury severity score, trauma and injury severity score, and revised trauma score) account for better survival rates. Moreover, 74 patients received SSRF. They had a shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay (5.24, p = 0.045) and better performance in electrical impedance tomography (23.46, p < 0.001). In patients with major thoracic injury, older age and higher injury survival scale account for higher mortality rate. Effective surgical stabilization of rib fractures shortened the ICU stay and helped achieve better performance in EIT. Thoracoscope-assisted rib fixation is suggested in severe trauma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tri Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Ming Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Shou Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Wu CC, Chung CH, Tzeng NS, Wu MJ, Tsao CH, Wu TH, Chien WC, Chen HC. The association between hormone therapy and the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women: a 16-year nationwide population-based study. Menopause 2023; 30:521-528. [PMID: 36854166 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although an association between hormone therapy (HT) and the risk of developing lung cancer has been reported, the results on the topic are inconsistent. Our study objective was to investigate whether postmenopausal women who undergo HT exhibit a risk of developing lung cancer. METHODS In this matched cohort study, we obtained the data of 38,104 postmenopausal women older than 45 years who were treated using HT between 2000 and 2015 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, and 152,416 matched participants who were not treated using HT were enrolled as controls at a 1:4 ratio. RESULTS We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify the risk of developing lung cancer during 16 years of follow-up, and the results indicate no significant difference in the proportion of postmenopausal women treated using HT ( P = 0.129) who developed lung cancer and that of those not treated using HT (0.866% [330 of 38,104] vs 0.950% [1,449 of 152,416]). After adjustment for age and other variables, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.886 (95% CI, 0.666-1.305, P = 0.433), indicating no association between HT and lung cancer development in postmenopausal women. In a subgroup analysis, the risk of lung cancer was significantly lower in the women who were treated using HT when the HT cumulative dosage was ≥401 mg or when the therapy duration was ≥5 years compared with in those not treated using HT; the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.633 (95% CI, 0.475-0.930; P < 0.001) and 0.532 (95% CI, 0.330-0.934; P < 0.001), respectively, after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HT is not associated with the risk of lung cancer development in postmenopausal women; furthermore, a higher cumulative dosage and the long-term effects of HT reduce the risk of developing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Wu
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Min-Jung Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Hsin-Chien Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang SY, Wu TH, Shih YL, Chen YC, Su HY, Chian CF, Lin YW. SOX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Repressing HES1 in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082207. [PMID: 37190139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lung cancer is a complex process that involves many genetic and epigenetic changes. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) genes encode a family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. SOX1 is hypermethylated in human cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in the development of lung cancer is unclear. We used quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and web tools to confirm the frequent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of SOX1 repressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion in vitro as well as cancer growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Knockdown of SOX1 by the withdrawal of doxycycline partly restored the malignant phenotype of inducible SOX1-expressing NSCLC cells. Next, we discovered the potential downstream pathways of SOX1 using RNA-seq analysis and identified HES1 as a direct target of SOX1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. Furthermore, we performed phenotypic rescue experiments to prove that overexpression of HES1-FLAG in SOX1-expressing H1299 cells partly reversed the tumor-suppressive effect. Taken together, these data demonstrated that SOX1 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly inhibiting HES1 during the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yueh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Her-Young Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Girardi F, Matz M, Stiller C, You H, Marcos Gragera R, Valkov MY, Bulliard JL, De P, Morrison D, Wanner M, O'Brian DK, Saint-Jacques N, Coleman MP, Allemani C, Hamdi-Chérif M, Kara L, Meguenni K, Regagba D, Bayo S, Cheick Bougadari T, Manraj SS, Bendahhou K, Ladipo A, Ogunbiyi OJ, Somdyala NIM, Chaplin MA, Moreno F, Calabrano GH, Espinola SB, Carballo Quintero B, Fita R, Laspada WD, Ibañez SG, Lima CA, Da Costa AM, De Souza PCF, Chaves J, Laporte CA, Curado MP, de Oliveira JC, Veneziano CLA, Veneziano DB, Almeida ABM, Latorre MRDO, Rebelo MS, Santos MO, Azevedo e Silva G, Galaz JC, Aparicio Aravena M, Sanhueza Monsalve J, Herrmann DA, Vargas S, Herrera VM, Uribe CJ, Bravo LE, Garcia LS, Arias-Ortiz NE, Morantes D, Jurado DM, Yépez Chamorro MC, Delgado S, Ramirez M, Galán Alvarez YH, Torres P, Martínez-Reyes F, Jaramillo L, Quinto R, Castillo J, Mendoza M, Cueva P, Yépez JG, Bhakkan B, Deloumeaux J, Joachim C, Macni J, Carrillo R, Shalkow Klincovstein J, Rivera Gomez R, Perez P, Poquioma E, Tortolero-Luna G, Zavala D, Alonso R, Barrios E, Eckstrand A, Nikiforuk C, Woods RR, Noonan G, Turner D, Kumar E, Zhang B, Dowden JJ, Doyle GP, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh G, Anam A, De P, McClure CA, Vriends KA, Bertrand C, Ramanakumar AV, Davis L, Kozie S, Freeman T, George JT, Avila RM, O’Brien DK, Holt A, Almon L, Kwong S, Morris C, Rycroft R, Mueller L, Phillips CE, Brown H, Cromartie B, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz AG, Levin GM, Wohler B, Bayakly R, Ward KC, Gomez SL, McKinley M, Cress R, Davis J, Hernandez B, Johnson CJ, Morawski BM, Ruppert LP, Bentler S, Charlton ME, Huang B, Tucker TC, Deapen D, Liu L, Hsieh MC, Wu XC, Schwenn M, Stern K, Gershman ST, Knowlton RC, Alverson G, Weaver T, Desai J, Rogers DB, Jackson-Thompson J, Lemons D, Zimmerman HJ, Hood M, Roberts-Johnson J, Hammond W, Rees JR, Pawlish KS, Stroup A, Key C, Wiggins C, Kahn AR, Schymura MJ, Radhakrishnan S, Rao C, Giljahn LK, Slocumb RM, Dabbs C, Espinoza RE, Aird KG, Beran T, Rubertone JJ, Slack SJ, Oh J, Janes TA, Schwartz SM, Chiodini SC, Hurley DM, Whiteside MA, Rai S, Williams MA, Herget K, Sweeney C, Kachajian J, Keitheri Cheteri MB, Migliore Santiago P, Blankenship SE, Conaway JL, Borchers R, Malicki R, Espinoza J, Grandpre J, Weir HK, Wilson R, Edwards BK, Mariotto A, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wang N, Yang L, Chen JS, Zhou Y, He YT, Song GH, Gu XP, Mei D, Mu HJ, Ge HM, Wu TH, Li YY, Zhao DL, Jin F, Zhang JH, Zhu FD, Junhua Q, Yang YL, Jiang CX, Biao W, Wang J, Li QL, Yi H, Zhou X, Dong J, Li W, Fu FX, Liu SZ, Chen JG, Zhu J, Li YH, Lu YQ, Fan M, Huang SQ, Guo GP, Zhaolai H, Wei K, Chen WQ, Wei W, Zeng H, Demetriou AV, Mang WK, Ngan KC, Kataki AC, Krishnatreya M, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, George PS, Mathew A, Nandakumar A, Malekzadeh R, Roshandel G, Keinan-Boker L, Silverman BG, Ito H, Koyanagi Y, Sato M, Tobori F, Nakata I, Teramoto N, Hattori M, Kaizaki Y, Moki F, Sugiyama H, Utada M, Nishimura M, Yoshida K, Kurosawa K, Nemoto Y, Narimatsu H, Sakaguchi M, Kanemura S, Naito M, Narisawa R, Miyashiro I, Nakata K, Mori D, Yoshitake M, Oki I, Fukushima N, Shibata A, Iwasa K, Ono C, Matsuda T, Nimri O, Jung KW, Won YJ, Alawadhi E, Elbasmi A, Ab Manan A, Adam F, Nansalmaa E, Tudev U, Ochir C, Al Khater AM, El Mistiri MM, Lim GH, Teo YY, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Buasom R, Sangrajrang S, Suwanrungruang K, Vatanasapt P, Daoprasert K, Pongnikorn D, Leklob A, Sangkitipaiboon S, Geater SL, Sriplung H, Ceylan O, Kög I, Dirican O, Köse T, Gurbuz T, Karaşahin FE, Turhan D, Aktaş U, Halat Y, Eser S, Yakut CI, Altinisik M, Cavusoglu Y, Türkköylü A, Üçüncü N, Hackl M, Zborovskaya AA, Aleinikova OV, Henau K, Van Eycken L, Atanasov TY, Valerianova Z, Šekerija M, Dušek L, Zvolský M, Steinrud Mørch L, Storm H, Wessel Skovlund C, Innos K, Mägi M, Malila N, Seppä K, Jégu J, Velten M, Cornet E, Troussard X, Bouvier AM, Guizard AV, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Dabakuyo Yonli S, Poillot ML, Maynadié M, Mounier M, Vaconnet L, Woronoff AS, Daoulas M, Robaszkiewicz M, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Desandes E, Lacour B, Baldi I, Amadeo B, Coureau G, Monnereau A, Orazio S, Audoin M, D’Almeida TC, Boyer S, Hammas K, Trétarre B, Colonna M, Delafosse P, Plouvier S, Cowppli-Bony A, Molinié F, Bara S, Ganry O, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Daubisse-Marliac L, Bossard N, Uhry Z, Estève J, Stabenow R, Wilsdorf-Köhler H, Eberle A, Luttmann S, Löhden I, Nennecke AL, Kieschke J, Sirri E, Justenhoven C, Reinwald F, Holleczek B, Eisemann N, Katalinic A, Asquez RA, Kumar V, Petridou E, Ólafsdóttir EJ, Tryggvadóttir L, Murray DE, Walsh PM, Sundseth H, Harney M, Mazzoleni G, Vittadello F, Coviello E, Cuccaro F, Galasso R, Sampietro G, Giacomin A, Magoni M, Ardizzone A, D’Argenzio A, Di Prima AA, Ippolito A, Lavecchia AM, Sutera Sardo A, Gola G, Ballotari P, Giacomazzi E, Ferretti S, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Celesia MV, Filiberti RA, Pannozzo F, Melcarne A, Quarta F, Andreano A, Russo AG, Carrozzi G, Cirilli C, Cavalieri d’Oro L, Rognoni M, Fusco M, Vitale MF, Usala M, Cusimano R, Mazzucco W, Michiara M, Sgargi P, Boschetti L, Marguati S, Chiaranda G, Seghini P, Maule MM, Merletti F, Spata E, Tumino R, Mancuso P, Cassetti T, Sassatelli R, Falcini F, Giorgetti S, Caiazzo AL, Cavallo R, Piras D, Bella F, Madeddu A, Fanetti AC, Maspero S, Carone S, Mincuzzi A, Candela G, Scuderi T, Gentilini MA, Rizzello R, Rosso S, Caldarella A, Intrieri T, Bianconi F, Contiero P, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Zorzi M, Beggiato S, Brustolin A, Gatta G, De Angelis R, Vicentini M, Zanetti R, Stracci F, Maurina A, Oniščuka M, Mousavi M, Steponaviciene L, Vincerževskienė I, Azzopardi MJ, Calleja N, Siesling S, Visser O, Johannesen TB, Larønningen S, Trojanowski M, Macek P, Mierzwa T, Rachtan J, Rosińska A, Kępska K, Kościańska B, Barna K, Sulkowska U, Gebauer T, Łapińska JB, Wójcik-Tomaszewska J, Motnyk M, Patro A, Gos A, Sikorska K, Bielska-Lasota M, Didkowska JA, Wojciechowska U, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Rego RA, Carrito B, Pais A, Bento MJ, Rodrigues J, Lourenço A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Coza D, Todescu AI, Valkov MY, Gusenkova L, Lazarevich O, Prudnikova O, Vjushkov DM, Egorova A, Orlov A, Pikalova LV, Zhuikova LD, Adamcik J, Safaei Diba C, Zadnik V, Žagar T, De-La-Cruz M, Lopez-de-Munain A, Aleman A, Rojas D, Chillarón RJ, Navarro AIM, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Sánchez Perez MJ, Franch Sureda P, Ramos Montserrat M, Chirlaque López MD, Sánchez Gil A, Ardanaz E, Guevara M, Cañete-Nieto A, Peris-Bonet R, Carulla M, Galceran J, Almela F, Sabater C, Khan S, Pettersson D, Dickman P, Staehelin K, Struchen B, Egger Hayoz C, Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Went P, Mousavi SM, Bulliard JL, Maspoli-Conconi M, Kuehni CE, Redmond SM, Bordoni A, Ortelli L, Chiolero A, Konzelmann I, Rohrmann S, Wanner M, Broggio J, Rashbass J, Stiller C, Fitzpatrick D, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Thomson CS, Greene G, Huws DW, Grayson M, Rawcliffe H, Allemani C, Coleman MP, Di Carlo V, Girardi F, Matz M, Minicozzi P, Sanz N, Ssenyonga N, James D, Stephens R, Chalker E, Smith M, Gugusheff J, You H, Qin Li S, Dugdale S, Moore J, Philpot S, Pfeiffer R, Thomas H, Silva Ragaini B, Venn AJ, Evans SM, Te Marvelde L, Savietto V, Trevithick R, Aitken J, Currow D, Fowler C, Lewis C. Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000-2014 (CONCORD-3). Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:580-592. [PMID: 36355361 PMCID: PMC10013649 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. METHODS We analyzed individual data for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000-2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. RESULTS The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010-2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%-38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000-2004 and 2005-2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40-70 years than among younger adults. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Melissa Matz
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Hui You
- Cancer Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael Marcos Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Y Valkov
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuchâtel and Jura Tumour Registry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, and Research Office, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miriam Wanner
- Cancer Registry Zürich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David K O'Brian
- Alaska Cancer Registry, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Department of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Feng WH, Chen YY, Kuo YS, Lin KH, Tsai YM, Wu TH, Huang HK, Huang TW. Prognostic factors associated with 18FDG-PET/CT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:768. [PMID: 35836202 PMCID: PMC9284765 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG). METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving nCRT and then esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2018 in the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled in the study, and 18 had pathological complete response. Post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor associated with overall survival (HR: 3.665, P = 0.013) and disease-free survival (HR: 3.417, P = 0.011). Poor prognosis was found in the non-pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 group compared with pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax < 3 group. CONCLUSIONS SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment, even in patients having pathological complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Feng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shou Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
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Tsai YM, Huang TW, Lin KH, Kuo YS, Lin YC, Chien YH, Chou HP, Chen YY, Huang HK, Wu TH, Chang H, Lee SC. Clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. Formos J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/fjs.fjs_104_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lin KH, Huang YJ, Lee SC, Huang HK, Chen YY, Chang H, Wu TH, Sung BY, Huang TW. Benefit of three-dimensional image simulation in surgical resection of early stage lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1029-1034. [PMID: 34389306 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the oncological outcomes of clinical stage IA2 non-small cell lung cancer that was treated using preoperative simulation and surgical resection. METHODS The data of patients who underwent surgical resection for clinical stage IA2 non-small cell lung cancer between January 2002 and June 2018 were reviewed. Preoperative simulations were indicated for patients with centrally located tumors who can undergo anatomic resection. The clinical features, imaging characteristics of the tumors, surgical approaches and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 1086 identified patients, 281 patients with clinical stage IA2 non-small cell lung were enrolled and categorized into 2 groups, with and without preoperative simulation. The tumor location, maximum standard uptake value, histological grade, disease-free survival and disease recurrence were significantly different between the 2 groups. For the group with preoperative simulations, 70.7% of the patients underwent anatomic resection, and 79.7% of the patients without preoperative simulations underwent anatomic resection (P <0.001). Patients with preoperative simulations had fewer relapses (2%) than patients without preoperative simulations (11.5%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative simulation confirmed the relationship between the tumor and surrounding blood vessels and bronchus and ensured an oncological safety margin. 3D simulations are a useful and feasible tool for planar operative procedures, satisfy the requirements for early-stage NSCLC. These results are promising but preliminary and more extended follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jhih Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Sung
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chou HP, Lin KH, Huang HK, Lin LF, Chen YY, Wu TH, Lee SC, Chang H, Huang TW. Correction to: Prognostic value of positron emission tomography in resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:744. [PMID: 34255163 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ping Chou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
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Chou HP, Lin KH, Huang HK, Lin LF, Chen YY, Wu TH, Lee SC, Chang H, Huang TW. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography in resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8021-8029. [PMID: 33763721 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of PET in predicting the prognosis of resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and planning individualized therapeutic strategies. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer between January 2004 and December 2014. The clinical data, imaging characteristics of nodules, surgical approaches, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS We evaluated 998 cases; 637 patients with pathological stage I disease were categorized as follows: stage IA1 (251 cases), stage IA2 (250 cases), and stage IA3 (136 cases). The mean follow-up period was 109 months. Significant differences were observed in sex, tumor differentiation, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, smoking habits, lymphovascular space invasion, tumor size, maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), and carcinoembryonic antigen level among the groups. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that ground-glass opacity ratio (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.001) and tumor SUVmax independently predicted the postoperative risk of relapse for stage IA3 NSCLC. The HR for SUVmax > 4 was 8.986 (p < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 87.2%, 92.9%, and 82.7%, and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 93.2%, 84.2%, and 70.51% for stage IA1, IA2, and IA3 NSCLC, respectively (both p < 0.001). OS and DFS rates were poor in stage IA3 NSCLC patients with an SUVmax uptake > 4 (OS, 71.0% and 92.2%; DFS, 50.2% and 87.3%, for SUVmax > 4 and ≤ 4, respectively; both p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SUVmax was a prognostic factor for resected stage IA NSCLC. Postoperative treatment may be considered for IA3 NSCLC with SUVmax > 4. KEY POINTS • PET helps surgeons to assess patients with early-stage lung cancer. • This retrospective study revealed that PET plays an influential role in predicting the prognosis of resected lung cancer. • Better prognostication aids better planning of therapeutic strategies with diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ping Chou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
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Wang HY, Li SW, Wu TH, Wu ZH, Guo JX. The effect of androgen on wool follicles and keratin production in Hetian sheep. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:526-536. [PMID: 33470295 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.224056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the optimal androgen concentration for culturing Hetian sheep wool follicle and to detect effects of androgen concentration on wool follicle cell proliferation and apoptosis using immunofluorescence labeling and real-time quantitative fluorescence determinations of wool keratin-associated protein gene expression levels. Wool follicles were isolated by microdissection and wool follicles and skin pieces were cultured in various concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in culture medium. Next, daily lengthwise growth measurements of wool follicles were obtained using a microscopic micrometer. Cultured Hetian wool follicles were stained using the SACPIC method to reveal wool follicle structure, while sheep skin slices were used to observe cell proliferation by immunostaining and cell apoptosis using the TUNEL method. At the molecular biological level, keratin-associated protein (Kap) gene expression was studied using wool follicles cultured for various numbers of days in vitro. Effects of androgen concentrations on Hetian wool follicle growth and development were experimentally studied. EdU proliferation assays revealed that androgen promoted cell proliferation within wool follicle dermal papillae. TUNEL apoptosis detection demonstrated that androgen treatment could delay cell apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results demonstrated that gene expression level patterns of Hetian mountain sheep super-high sulfur protein. Kap1.1, KIF1.2, Kap2.12 and Kap4.2 gene expression level of the mountainous experimental group was significantly higher than plains Hetian sheep. An androgen concentration of 100 nM can promote the growth of Hetian wool follicle cells in vitro, resulting in overexpression of some genes of the Kap family.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Wang
- Tarim University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protection e Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - S W Li
- Tarim University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protection e Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - T H Wu
- Tarim University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Z H Wu
- Tarim University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - J X Guo
- Tarim University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang, China
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Chen YY, Kuo YS, Lee CL, Yun PJ, Sung YC, Wu TH, Huang HK, Lee SC, Huang TW. Risk factors of tumor relapse in patients with clinical stages 1–3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after curative surgery. J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_82_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yun PJ, Wang GC, Chen YY, Wu TH, Huang HK, Lee SC, Chang H, Huang TW. Brain metastases in resected non-small cell lung cancer: The impact of different tyrosine kinase inhibitors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215923. [PMID: 31048854 PMCID: PMC6497246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the survival of brain metastases (BM) in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We selected the patients who had developed metastatic NSCLC; analyzed the differences between brain metastases and other sites of metastases, including patient characteristics, EGFR status, and survival; and selected the patients who had BM for further investigation. We also compared the treatment effects of first-generation TKIs with those of second-/third-generation TKIs. Results A total of 785 cases of stage I-IIIa NSCLC were reviewed. Thirty-six (4.6%) patients were identified as having BM. Among them, 14 patients had a mutated EGFR status. No association between EGFR mutation and the incidence of BM was observed (p = 0.199). Patients with mutated EGFRs had significantly longer overall survival and post-recurrence survival than patients with wild-type EGFR mutation (p = 0.001 for both). However, there was no survival difference between patients with exon 19 and exon 21 mutations (p = 0.426). Furthermore, patients who received the second- and/or third-generation EGFR-TKIs had better survival than patients who only received first-generation EGFR-TKIs (p = 0.031). A multivariate analysis indicated that the next-generation TKIs (HR, 0.007; 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.556; p = 0.026) and a longer interval before BM development (HR, 0.848; 95% CI, 0.733 to 0.980; p = 0.025) were significant factors in longer survival. Conclusions EGFR-TKIs were effective in treating NSCLC patients with BM after curative pulmonary surgery, especially in those patients harboring EGFR mutations. Furthermore, the second-/third-generation EGFR-TKIs showed more promising results than the first-generation EGFR-TKIs in treating those particular patients, though larger studies needed to further prove the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Yun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Chyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail:
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Shih CC, Liu PY, Chen JH, Liao MH, Hsieh CM, Ka SM, Wu CC, Lin HT, Wu TH, Chen YC. Macrophage expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase Grail protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperinflammation and organ injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208279. [PMID: 30571701 PMCID: PMC6301572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction caused by hyperinflammation remains the major cause of mortality during sepsis. Excessive M1-macrophage activation leads to systemic inflammatory responses. Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (Grail) is regarded as an important regulator of T cells that functions by diminishing cytokine production. However, its role in regulating macrophage activation and organ injury during sepsis remains unclear. Our aim was to examine the effects of Grail on macrophage reactivity and organ injury in endotoxemic animals. Wild-type and Grail knockout mice were injected with vehicle or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and observed for 24 h. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, and biochemical variables were then examined. Moreover, levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were analyzed in the lungs of animals. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS were also assessed in the presence or absence of Grail. Results indicated that loss of Grail expression enhances the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. Furthermore, LPS-induced macrophage hyperactivation was alleviated by ectopic Grail overexpression. In vivo studies showed that Grail deficiency exacerbates organ damage in endotoxemic animals. Levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were significantly increased in the lungs of Grail-deficient endotoxemic mice. Thus, these results suggest that Grail contributes to the attenuation of hyperinflammation caused by activated macrophages and prevents organ damage in endotoxemic mice. We suggest that Grail signaling could be a therapeutic target for endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Jye-Hann Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tsu Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Huang YJ, Lin KH, Chen YY, Wu TH, Huang HK, Chang H, Lee SC, Chen JE, Huang TW. Feasibility and Clinical Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Printed Model-Assisted Nuss Procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 107:1089-1096. [PMID: 30389445 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique for correcting pectus excavatum. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) simulation may shorten operation time and provide better morphologic outcome. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the 3D model-assisted Nuss procedure and to compare its potential benefits with those of the traditional Nuss procedure. METHODS We simulated the targeted curvature, length, and planned intercostal space of a metallic bar, based on the preoperative chest computed tomographic images. After the use of a 3D printing technique, a plastic template bar was produced and sterilized. The metallic bar was bent and placed at the planned intercostal space accordingly. The patients' characteristics, total number of pectus bar placement, total operation time, and improvement percentage of Haller indices were compared with patients who underwent the traditional Nuss procedure. RESULTS A total of 419 patients underwent the Nuss procedure from January 2010 to July 2017 in our hospital, and 357 patients were eligible and enrolled for the following analysis. Fifteen patients underwent 3D simulation. After performing propensity-score matching analysis, the 3D printing group had a shorter operative time (60.36 versus 74.34 minutes, p < 0.001), fewer metallic bar placements (1.00 versus 1.36 bars, p < 0.001), and better improvement percentages in the Haller indices (20.34% versus 10.06%, p < 0.001) compared with the traditional Nuss procedure. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, 3D-printed model-assisted Nuss procedure may provide benefits of shorter operative time, fewer metallic bar insertions, and comparable morphologic outcome by preoperative simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jhih Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chun Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-En Chen
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lai CH, Huang YM, Wang CH, Huang JS, Tsai CS, Yeh KY, Lan YJ, Wu TH, Chang PH, Chang YS. Treatment-associated severe thrombocytopenia affects survival rate in esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Indian J Cancer 2015; 52:454-60. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.176708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chu WF, Lin CJ, Chen WS, Hung SC, Chiu CF, Wu TH, Guo WY. Radiation doses of cerebral blood volume measurements using C-arm CT: A phantom study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1073-7. [PMID: 24371024 PMCID: PMC7965136 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parenchymal blood volume measurement by C-arm CT facilitates in-room peritherapeutic perfusion evaluation. However, the radiation dose remains a major concern. This study aimed to compare the radiation dose of parenchymal blood volume measurement using C-arm CT with that of conventional CTP using multidetector CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A biplane DSA equipped with C-arm CT and a Rando-Alderson phantom were used. Slab parenchymal blood volume (8-cm scanning range in a craniocaudal direction) and whole-brain parenchymal blood volume with identical scanning parameters, except for scanning ranges, were undertaken on DSA. Eighty thermoluminescent dosimeters were embedded into 22 organ sites of the phantom. We followed the guidelines of the International Commission on Radiation Protection number 103 to calculate the effective doses. For comparison, 8-cm CTP with the same phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeter distribution was performed on a multidetector CT. Two repeat dose experiments with the same scanning parameters and phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeter settings were conducted. RESULTS Brain-equivalent dose in slab parenchymal blood volume, whole-brain parenchymal blood volume, and CTP were 52.29 ± 35.31, 107.51 ± 31.20, and 163.55 ± 89.45 mSv, respectively. Variations in the measurement of an equivalent dose for the lens were highest in slab parenchymal blood volume (64.5%), followed by CTP (54.6%) and whole-brain parenchymal blood volume (29.0%). The effective doses of slab parenchymal blood volume, whole-brain parenchymal blood volume, and CTP were 0.87 ± 0.55, 3.91 ± 0.78, and 2.77 ± 1.59 mSv, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The dose measurement conducted in the current study was reliable and reproducible. The effective dose of slab parenchymal blood volume is about one-third that of CTP. With the advantages of on-site and immediate imaging availability and saving procedural time and patient transportation, slab parenchymal blood volume measurement using C-arm CT can be recommended for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Chu
- From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.)
| | - C J Lin
- From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.)
| | - W S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (W.S.C., T.H.W.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Hung
- From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.)
| | - C F Chiu
- From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.)
| | - T H Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (W.S.C., T.H.W.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - W Y Guo
- From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.)
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Lin CJ, Wu TH, Lin CH, Hung SC, Chiu CF, Liu MJ, Teng MMH, Chang FC, Guo WY, Chang CY. Can iterative reconstruction improve imaging quality for lower radiation CT perfusion? Initial experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1516-21. [PMID: 23578678 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Initial results using IR for CT of the head showed satisfactory subjective and objective imaging quality with a 20-40% radiation dose reduction. The aim of our study was to compare the influence of IR and FBP algorithms on perfusion parameters at standard and lowered doses of CTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with unilateral carotid stenosis post-carotid stent placement referred for follow-up CTP were divided into 2 groups (tube currents were 100 mAs in group A and 80 mAs in group B). Datasets were reconstructed with IR and FBP algorithms; and SNRs of gray matter, white matter, and arterial and venous ROIs were compared. CBF, CBV, and MTT means and SNRs were evaluated by using linear regression, and qualitative imaging scores were compared across the 2 algorithms. RESULTS The mean effective radiation dose of group B (2.06 mSv) was approximately 20% lower than that of group A (2.56 mSv). SNRs for ROIs in the dynamic contrast-enhanced images were significantly higher than those for the FBP images. Correlations of the SNRs for CBF, CBV, and MTT across the 2 algorithms were moderate (R² = 0.46, 0.23, and 0.44, respectively). ROIs in gray matter rather than the IR algorithm predicted increasing SNRs in all CBF, CBV, and MTT maps. Two cases of significant restenosis were confirmed in both algorithms. CBV, CBF, and MTT imaging scores did not differ significantly across algorithms or groups. CONCLUSIONS Lower dose CTP (20% below normal dose) without IR can effectively identify oligemic tissue in poststenting follow-up. IR does not alter the absolute values or increase the SNRs of perfusion parameters. Other methods should be attempted to improve SNRs in settings with low tube currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lin
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fan YJ, Wu YC, Chen Y, Kung YC, Wu TH, Huang KW, Sheen HJ, Chiou PY. Three dimensional microfluidics with embedded microball lenses for parallel and high throughput multicolor fluorescence detection. Biomicrofluidics 2013; 7:44121. [PMID: 24404054 PMCID: PMC3765297 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a 3D microfluidic device with 32 detection channels and 64 sheath flow channels and embedded microball lens array for high throughput multicolor fluorescence detection. A throughput of 358 400 cells/s has been accomplished. This device is realized by utilizing solid immersion micro ball lens arrays for high sensitivity and parallel fluorescence detection. High refractive index micro ball lenses (n = 2.1) are embedded underneath PDMS channels close to cell detection zones in channels. This design permits patterning high N.A. micro ball lenses in a compact fashion for parallel fluorescence detection on a small footprint device. This device also utilizes 3D microfluidic fabrication to address fluid routing issues in two-dimensional parallel sheath focusing and allows simultaneous pumping of 32 sample channels and 64 sheath flow channels with only two inlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Fan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA ; Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y C Wu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y C Kung
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T H Wu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K W Huang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - H J Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Y Chiou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Hsu FY, Lee WF, Tung CJ, Lee JS, Wu TH, Hsu SM, Su HT, Chen TR. Ambient and personal dose assessment of a container inspection site using a mobile X-ray system. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:456-61. [PMID: 22104499 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ambient monitor and phantom studies of absorbed and effective doses by TLDs were carried out in a non-intrusive inspection station for containers, Terminal I, of Taichung harbor, Taiwan. The doses from the X-ray scan in the control room and driver waiting room, located outside of the radiation control area, were quite small and could not be distinguished from the natural background radiation. The doses in the driver cab and the inspector cab of the X-ray scan car were also within background radiation levels. The protection wall, a 40-cm thick concrete barrier, can effectively attenuate the intensity of the primary X-ray scan. The possible effective dose of a person in the container or trailer is about 3.15 ± 0.23 μSv/scan and 2.31 ± 0.38 μSv/scan. This dose is below the annual background dose. If someone was to be scanned by the X-ray, the effective dose would be at an acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Hsu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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21
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Abstract
Smoking of meats and fish is one of the earliest preservation technologies developed by humans. In this study, the smoking process was evaluated as a method for reducing oxidation of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) oils and also maintaining the quality of oil in aged fish prior to oil extraction. Salmon heads that were subjected to high temperatures (95 degrees C) during smoking unexpectedly produced oils with fewer products of oxidation than their unprocessed counterparts, as measured by peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and fatty acids (FA). Higher temperatures and longer smoking times resulted in correspondingly lower quantities of oxidative products in the oils. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of smoke-processed oils confirmed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not being destroyed. Smoke-processing also imparted antioxidant potential to the extracted oils. Even when antioxidants, such as ethoxyquin or butylated hydroxytoluene, were added to raw oils, the smoke-processed oils still maintained lower levels of oxidation after 14 d of storage. However, decreased antioxidant capacity of smoke-processed oils was noted when they were heated above 75 degrees C. Vitamin studies supported the antioxidant results, with smoke-processed oils displaying higher levels of alpha-tocopherol than raw oils. Results suggest that smoking salmon prior to oil extraction can protect valuable PUFA-rich oils from oxidation. Improved preservation methods for marine oils may extend their usefulness when added as a supplement to enhance levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Bower
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200, USA.
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Zheng JW, Zhang ZB, Wu TH, Zhang Y. A wearable mobihealth care system supporting real-time diagnosis and alarm. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007; 45:877-85. [PMID: 17619091 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a wearable mobihealth care system aiming at providing long-term continuous monitoring of vital signs for high-risk cardiovascular patients. We use a portable patient unit (PPU) and a wearable shirt (WS) to monitor electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration (acquired with respiratory inductive plethysmography, RIP), and activity. Owing to integrating fabric sensors and electrodes endowed with electro-physical properties into the WS, long-term continuous monitoring can be realized without making patients feel uncomfortable and restricting their mobility. The PPU analyzes physiological signals in real time and determines whether the patient is in danger or needs external help. The PPU will alert the patient and an emergency call will be automatically established with a medical service center (MSC) when life-threatening arrhythmias or falls are detected. With advanced gpsOne technology, the patient can be located and rescued immediately whether he/she is indoors or outdoors in case of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zheng
- Institute of Medical Equipment, National Biological Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Qin QW, Wu TH, Jia TL, Hegde A, Zhang RQ. Development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line from grouper, Epinephelus coioides susceptible to iridovirus and nodavirus. J Virol Methods 2006; 131:58-64. [PMID: 16137774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line (GS), derived from the spleen of orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides is described. The GS cells grow well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 200 times. The optimal growth temperature was 27 degrees C. The GS cell culture consisted of mostly fibroblastic cells. The modal diploid chromosome number was 48. GS cell cultures showed advanced cytopathic effects after infection with a pathogenic grouper iridovirus (Singapore grouper iridovirus, SGIV) or with a grouper nodavirus (Epinephelus tauvina nervous necrosis virus, ETNNV). Analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed a large number of SGIV and ETNNV particles in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells, respectively, indicative of high sensitivity to these two viruses. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that iridovirus-infected GS cells reacted strongly with monoclonal antibody against the grouper iridovirus. It is suggested that the GS cell line has good potential as a diagnostic tool for isolation and propagation of iridovirus and nodavirus. When the GS cells were transfected with pEGFP vector DNA, significant fluorescent signals were observed suggesting that the GS cell line can be used as a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q W Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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24
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Abstract
Dysfunction of the renal graft may not only be due to rejection but also other causes such as ischemia and reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Antioxidant free radical scavengers may decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Previous animal studies suggest that vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) are both strong antioxidants, that decrease oxidative stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. But there have been only limited reports about clinical efficacy. We report five cases supplemented with vitamin C (500 mg per day), vitamin E (500 mg per day), or both. After a 1- to 3-month prescription, the serum creatinine level decreased more than 20% from the original value. Interestingly, one patient had this experience: he ceased vitamin E for 1 month due to noncompliance. The serum creatinine level increased more than 50%. When he took vitamin E again, his serum creatinine level declined and returned to the previous level. From our limited experience, antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C or E may improve renal transplant function, especially in grafts donated from marginal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loong
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The chemopreventive role of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line was investigated by studying the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in HCC (J5) cells. Morphological analysis, cell viability assay, DNA analysis and cell-cycle analysis suggest that there are at least three modes of the suppressive effects shown by 5-MOP: (a) kills J5 cells directly; (b) induces apoptosis by arresting J5 cells at the G2/M phase in the cell cycle; (c) induces apoptosis through an independent pathway with cell-cycle arrest at 24-72 h of exposure. Further immunoblot analysis demonstrated that inhibition of cyclin B1 by 5-MOP may play an important role in G2/M arrest of J5 cells and provides an additional way to prevent cells from entering the M phase and undergoing apoptosis. 5-MOP therefore appears to exert its anticarcinogenic properties by cytotoxic effect, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung, 406, Republic of, Taiwan, China
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Wu TH, Lee JS, Wu HM, Chu WF, Guo WY. Evaluating geometric accuracy of multi-platform stereotactic neuroimaging in radiosurgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2002; 78:39-48. [PMID: 12381884 DOI: 10.1159/000063833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We used a spherical phantom to evaluate geometric accuracy in multi-platform stereotactic neuroimaging for radiosurgery. The phantom consisted of two plastic 16-cm-diameter hemispheres in which an exchangeable 8-cm plastic functional cube was incorporated. The functional cube contained cylinder and point targets. The targets were filled with a mixed aqueous solution of 2-mM copper sulfate and 300-mg/ml iodinated contrast medium and were visible on both MR and X-ray images. Two MR scanners and a biplane X-ray angio-suite were used to scan the phantom stereotactically in two sessions of the experiment. The angio-suite was equipped with digital subtraction and distortion-correction software. The resulting stereotactic images were transferred to a dose-planning computer for length measurement and coordinate determination of the targets. The mean errors of the measured cylinder length on distortion non-corrected X-ray stereotactic images were 0.24 +/- 0.14 and 0.73 +/- 0.10 mm, respectively, in the experiments; on distortion-corrected images 0.22 +/- 0.10 and 0.35 +/- 0.39 mm. They were 0.50 +/- 0.24, 0.25 +/- 0.19 and 0.49 +/- 0.34, 0.23 +/- 0.25 mm, respectively, of the two MR scanners. The mean errors of coordinate determination of point targets between the stereotactic MR and the distortion-corrected X-ray images were 0.70 +/- 0.18, 0.52 +/- 0.22 and 0.76 +/- 0.25, 0.40 +/- 0.10 mm, respectively, in the experiments. We found that the overall geometric errors of target delineation between stereotactic MR and X-ray images were in the submillimeter range. The current study validates the multi-platform and multi-facility stereotactic neuroimaging practice and ensures imaging accuracy in radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Dong SL, Chu TC, Lee JS, Lan GY, Wu TH, Yeh YH, Hwang JJ. Estimation of mean-glandular dose from monitoring breast entrance skin air kerma using a high sensitivity metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter system in mammography. Appl Radiat Isot 2002; 57:791-9. [PMID: 12406618 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of mean-glandular dose (MGD) has been investigated in recent years due to the potential risks of radiation-induced carcinogenesis associated with the mammographic examination for diagnostic radiology. In this study, a new technique for immediate readout of breast entrance skin air kerma (BESAK) using high sensitivity MOSFET dosimeter after mammographic projection was introduced and a formula for the prediction of tube output with exposure records was developed. A series of appropriate conversion factors was applied to the MGD determination from the BESAK. The study results showed that signal response of the high sensitivity MOSFET exhibited excellent linearity within mammographic dose ranges, and that the energy dependence was less than 3% for each anode/filter combination at the tube potentials 25-30 kV. Good agreement was observed between the BESAK and the tube exposure output measurement for breasts thicker than 30 mm. In addition, the air kerma estimated from our prediction formula provided sufficient accuracy for thinner breasts. The average MGD from 120 Asian females was 1.5 mGy, comparable to other studies. Our results suggest that the high sensitivity MOSFET dosimeter system is a good candidate for immediately readout of BESAK after mammographic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Dong
- Department of Nuclear Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan
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Dong SL, Chu TC, Lan GY, Wu TH, Lin YC, Lee JS. Characterization of high-sensitivity metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor dosimeters system and LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence dosimeters for use in diagnostic radiology. Appl Radiat Isot 2002; 57:883-91. [PMID: 12406633 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring radiation exposure during diagnostic radiographic procedures has recently become an area of interest. In recent years, the LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD-100H) and the highly sensitive metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter were introduced as good candidates for entrance skin dose measurements in diagnostic radiology. In the present study, the TLD-100H and the MOSFET dosimeters were evaluated for sensitivity, linearity, energy, angular dependence, and post-exposure response. Our results indicate that the TLD-100H dosimeter has excellent linearity within diagnostic energy ranges and its sensitivity variations were under 3% at tube potentials from 40Vp to 125kVp. Good linearity was also observed with the MOSFET dosimeter, but in low-dose regions the values are less reliable and were found to be a function of the tube potentials. Both dosimeters also presented predictable angular dependence in this study. Our findings suggest that the TLD-100H dosimeter is more appropriate for low-dose diagnostic procedures such as chest and skull projections. The MOSFET dosimeter system is valuable for entrance skin dose measurement with lumbar spine projections and certain fluoroscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Dong
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St, Sec 2, 112, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu TH, Liu RS, Dong SL, Chung YW, Chou KL, Lee JS. Dynamic evaluation of absorbed dose to the bladder wall with a balloon-bladder phantom during a study using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2002; 23:749-55. [PMID: 12124480 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200208000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An accurate evaluation of the absorbed dose to the bladder wall from 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) is clinically important because the bladder is considered as a critical organ in most positron emission tomography (PET) studies that cumulate about 20% of the total activity injection during image procedures. In the MIRD calculation, no allowance is made for the inclusion of all the dynamic parameters that affect the actual dose to the bladder wall to be taken in the dose assessment. The goal of the study is to propose a dose evaluation model by using a dynamic bladder phantom and time-activity curves from the bladder PET imaging. The proposed model takes all dynamic parameters into account and provides a much more accurate dose estimation to the bladder. In this study, the lowest dose to the bladder wall was obtained at the conditions of having a larger initial volume for the bladder contents and a higher production rate for urine. It is then advised patients to drink a bulk amount of water before the FDG injection or after urine voiding to facilitate urine production and to enlarge the bladder surface area, which are the most crucial steps in reducing the dose to the bladder wall. In our study, the voiding schedule in dose calculation plays certain roles although it is much more critical in the conventional MIRD calculation. The model estimated that the lowest dose to the bladder would occur at an initial void about 40 min after the FDG injection and the urine voiding was as complete as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan 112, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Anderson
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University/Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79409-1163, USA
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Abstract
Cancers in mouse and man express multiple tumor-specific as well as tumor-associated antigens. Immunodominance in the host response to these antigens can result in successive selection of heritable antigen loss variants. Immunodominance may also prevent the development of responses to new tumor-specific antigens that may arise during tumor progression. Some tumor-specific antigens are retained during tumor progression possibly because they are essential for survival of the malignant phenotype. Immunodominance may allow cancer cells to escape even after loss of a single MHC Class I allele because cross-presentation of the retained antigen by this allele that must be expressed on the surrounding antigen presenting cells sustains the immunodominant response. This prevents effective responses to secondary antigens that may remain as potential targets. Immunization with in vitro selected cancer cell variants that lack the immunodominant antigen can break the immunodominance and prevent escape of cancers from host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Abstract
Substantial evidence clearly indicates the immuno-inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis and the important roles of monocytes and other leukocytes in atherogenesis. The relationship between atherosclerosis and the peripheral monocyte count, however, has been equivocal and uncertain so far. One possible reason may be an opposing effect of different major risk factors of atherosclerosis on the monocyte count, e.g. smoking increases the monocyte count while hypercholesterolemia is accompanied by a lower monocyte count. Since smoking is well shown to increase leukocyte counts prominently in weeks, our study included only non-smokers who participated in a health check program at our hospital from 1996 to 1998 and had received a carotid duplex study with extra payment. Our results revealed the followings: In male non-smokers (n=571), the presence of carotid atherosclerosis was associated with significant increases in the counts of all leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte (P<0.005,<0.001 and <0.05, respectively), and, after adjustments for age and body mass index, there were significant positive links between these three leukocyte counts and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, judged by either the sum score of all carotid plaques or the score of the most severe carotid plaque. On the contrary, in female non-smokers (n=614), there was no significant link between differential leukocyte counts and either the presence or severity of carotid atherosclerosis. These results are compatible with recently recognized sex differences in the mechanism and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and together with relevant results in the literature, suggest that monocytes and neutrophils are the main types of leukocytes involved in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7. Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan.
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Schreiber K, Wu TH, Kast WM, Schreiber H. Tracking the common ancestry of antigenically distinct cancer variants. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:871s-875s. [PMID: 11300485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In the months and years after first diagnosis, cancers often show an increase in their malignancy such as faster growth, resistance to chemo- and/or hormonal therapy, and loss of antigens targeted by immunotherapy. Our objective was to develop a model in which one can track the changes occurring as a result of in vivo immune selection, such as the loss of antigen, the emergence of previously hidden antigens, or the acquisition of new tumor-specific antigens. In this study, we used the primary UV-induced murine tumor 8101, which consists predominantly of regressor tumor cells that express the immunodominant mutant p68 antigen, but this tumor also contains progressor variants that have lost this antigen. To search for tumor-specific antigens on the immune escape progressors, we raised CD8+ T cells specific for these variants. We found that one of the escape variants expressed a previously unrecognized, unique tumor-specific antigen. However, this unique antigen was not readily detectable on any of the other 8101 lines we tested. To prove that these antigenically distinct cancer variants had indeed been derived from the same tumor and neither represented new tumors nor contaminations by other cell lines, we used unique tumor-specific p53 mutations as a lineage-specific marker to demonstrate that these antigenically distinct progressor variants were derived from the 8101 tumor. Because p53 mutations occur very early during UV carcinogenesis and vary from tumor to tumor, they provide convenient reliable markers for tracking the origin of cancers arising after immune selection or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Tsai CY, Yu CL, Wu TH, Lu JY, Lair TS, Tsai YY, Chou CT. Polyclonal anticardiolipin antibodies purified from sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus induce apoptosis of the cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 29:370-9. [PMID: 11132206 DOI: 10.1080/030097400447570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effect of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on cultured glomerular mesangial cells with regard to their expression of apoptosis-related genes. METHODS aCL purified from active lupus sera by cardiolipin micelles were incubated with cultured rodent mesangial cells (RMC). Morphological changes of the RMC were observed. The genomic DNA was extracted for the detection of apoptosis. The total cell RNA was extracted for detection of Fas, c-myc, p53, and bcl-2 transcripts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS aCL (100 GPL-U/0.1 mg protein/ml) bound to RMC more prominent than human IgG (100 microg/ml). The antibodies suppressed RMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The RMC were undergoing apoptosis as evidenced by morphologic changes, fluoresceinannexin V staining and appearance of nucleosome-sized DNA fragments. RMC spontaneously express p53 and c-myc but not Fas or bcl-2. aCL (100 GPL-U/ml) enhanced the expression of Fas but not other apoptosis-related genes and suppressed the intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Binding of aCL can induce apoptosis of the RMC. The aCL may be implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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35
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Abstract
Organochlorine (OC) residues were recently detected in nonviable Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) eggs from northern Belize. To further the assessment of contaminant exposure in Belizean crocodiles, nonviable Morelet's crocodile eggs (n = 11) from southern Belize and American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) eggs (n = 12) from the coastal zones of Belize were screened for 20 OCs. Results indicated p,p-DDE to be the most prevalent OC (96% occurrence) in eggs examined, with concentrations ranging from 5 to 372 ng/g. These concentrations are similar to those observed in crocodile eggs (10-180 ng/g) from northern Belize. A general trend toward higher DDE concentrations in Morelet's crocodile eggs (mean = 103 ppb) compared with American crocodile eggs (mean = 31 ppb) was observed. However, this trend may be due to site-specific contamination rather than differences in interspecific susceptibility to chemical exposure. Other OCs detected in crocodile eggs included the parent compound, p,p-DDT, and its metabolite, p, p-DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Yang WC, Chen YF, King KL, Wu TH, Tang JJ, Loong CC, Chou MH, Lin MF, Lui WY. Optimization of cyclosporine therapy with abbreviated area under the curve method in renal transplant. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1685-7. [PMID: 11119892 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
While it has been known for decades that the growth of tumor transplants can be enhanced immunologically, the potential significance of these previous findings to the development of primary tumors and the mechanisms of tumor enhancement has remained obscure. This review will summarize recent experiments indicating that primary tumor development can be enhanced by active immunization. The evidence suggests that antibodies, B cells and CD4+ T cells can play a critical role in enhancing the development of primary, tumors, whereas endogenous interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) can counteract enhancement. Thus, we envision two possible functions of IFNgamma: (i) preventing B cell and antibody enhancement and (ii) counteracting tumor promotion independent of T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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38
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Tsai CY, Wu TH, Yu CL, Chou CT. The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of sulfasalazine on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Life Sci 2000; 67:1149-61. [PMID: 10954049 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfasalazine (SSA) was investigated for its effects on phagocytic activity of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), proliferation of mononuclear cells (MNC) and cultured glomerular mesangial cells. At concentrations from 25 to 100 microM, it inhibited phagocytic activity of PMN and the 3H-thymidine incorporation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human MNC in a dose-dependent manner. At comparable concentrations, sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, two of its major metabolites, did not show similar effects. SSA exhibited an inhibitory effect on both mouse and rat mesangial cells but at rather higher concentrations (0.5 mM). Excretion of interleukin (IL)-8 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PMN was also markedly deterred in a dose-dependent manner but excretion of IL-8 by LPS-stimulated MNC was not interfered by SSA. Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-1beta by mouse mesangial cells was not blocked by SSA but production of IL-4 by these cells was inhibited by it (>0.1 mM). Inhibition of MNC was not due directly to cytotoxic effect of SSA on these cells as shown by fluorescein diacetate stain. Collectively, SSA inhibits phagocytosis and IL-8 excretion by PMN as well as mitogen-stimulated MNC reaction. On the other hand, at high concentrations, it inhibits glomerular mesangial cells and their IL-4 excretion but not TNF-alpha and IL-1beta excretion. These results can account for minimal nephrotoxic characteristic of SSA and suggest that it may be helpful in the treatment of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/toxicity
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Fluoresceins
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Glomerular Mesangium/drug effects
- Glomerular Mesangium/immunology
- Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sulfasalazine/pharmacology
- Sulfasalazine/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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Wu TH, Liu RS, Chong NS, Tsai CS, Lee JS. Evaluation of equivalent dose to working staff with oxygen-15-water in positron emission tomographic studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2000; 53:463-8. [PMID: 10972154 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(99)00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With its short physical half-life and allowing for higher dosage injections, oxygen-15 labeled water has become increasingly important in many clinical applications. However, the use of oxygen-15 labeled water could potentially result in radiation exposures to working staff exceeding regulatory limits. In this study, thermoluminescent dosimeters (LiF-100H) were attached at various parts of the body to measure the accumulated equivalent doses of a physician and to evaluate the radiation risk to the sensitive organs which could receive as many as 10 intravenous injections of (15)O-water for each subject studied. The results showed that during the injections, the hands of a physician received the highest dose, which was about 25.8 times that of the routine chest X-ray dose. If protective shieldings were provided during injection, about 83% of the dose could be effectively reduced. Even without any protective shielding, the estimated maximum dose to the physician was still within the regulatory limit, 50 mSv/year, suggested by ICRP 60. In conclusion, reducing excess radiation exposure to workers, by minimizing the time spent in close contact with patients, increasing the distance from the source and providing suitable protective shielding would be the most effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- lnstitute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Tsai CY, Wu TH, Yu CL, Lu JY, Tsai YY. Increased excretions of beta2-microglobulin, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine of patients with active lupus nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 85:207-14. [PMID: 10867535 DOI: 10.1159/000045663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a less frequently recognized but important complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. We have investigated the cytokine beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) excretions in the urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to identify indices for evaluation of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis (LN). Daily urine was collected from 15 patients with active LN, from 12 patients with inactive LN, and from 17 normal subjects. The amounts of soluble interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, beta2M, and THG in urine were measured. Beta2M and THG were regarded as indicators of proximal and distal renal tubule function, respectively. The urinary excretions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with active LN than in those with inactive LN and in normal individuals. The excretion of soluble IL-2 receptor in all three groups of subjects was not significantly different. On the other hand, the excretion of beta2M in patients with LN was significantly higher than that in normal individuals. The excretion of beta2M in patients with active or inactive LN was not significantly different. The THG excretion was lower in patients with active LN and tubulointerstitial inflammation as compared with patients with inactive LN or normal individuals. Six patients underwent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy during the course of experiments. Five of them showed a decrease in IL-8 and IL-6 excretions in urine after the treatment. The excretions of beta2M and THG in urine, in addition to IL-6 and IL-8, can reflect the renal inflammatory activity in patients with lupus tubulointerstitial nephritis as well as in those having lupus glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tsai
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu TH, Rainwater TR, Platt SG, McMurry ST, Anderson TA. Organochlorine contaminants in Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) eggs from Belize. Chemosphere 2000; 40:671-678. [PMID: 10705543 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-viable eggs of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) were collected from Gold Button (GBL) and New River lagoons (NRL) in northern Belize and screened for organochlorine (OC) compounds using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). All egg samples from both lagoons (n = 24) tested positive for one or more OCs. Primary contaminants were p,p-DDE and methoxychlor, detected in 100% and 29% of the eggs examined, respectively. Concentrations of individual OC contaminants ranged from 1 ppb (ng chemical/g egg) to > 0.5 ppm (microgram chemical/g egg). Total concentrations of OCs (sum of all OCs) for one egg collected from a nest at GBL reached as high as 0.7 ppm. Sediment samples from both lagoons also tested positive for OCs (lindane, aldrin, methoxychlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p-DDT, among others). Nest media (soil and plant material) collected from crocodile nests at GBL were positive for p,p-DDT, methoxychlor, aldrin, endosulfan II, and endrin aldehyde. Based on the 24 egg samples analyzed to date, crocodiles from both lagoons are being exposed to OCs. Such exposure may present a health threat to populations of crocodiles in Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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42
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Tsai CY, Tsai YY, Tsai ST, Wu TH, Yu CL, Chou CT. Peculiar myelopathy in a patient with overlap syndrome with lupus- and rheumatoid-like symptoms. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18:272-3. [PMID: 10812515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Abstract
Studies of the factors affecting the first recurrence of ischemic stroke have reported inconsistent findings. Types of initial stroke and the racial differences in study samples are among the explanations that may account for this inconsistency. The aims of this study were to estimate the cumulative recurrence rates of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke and identify the factors that influence the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke in the Taiwanese Chinese population. Four hundred and sixty-six patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke from thirteen hospitals in Taiwan were followed up in this study to ascertain first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke between October 1992 and April 1995. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative recurrence rate. The Cox regression model was used to ascertain the significant factors affecting the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. The overall cumulative recurrence rate was 10.5% (49/466) from the follow-up period of 30 months. After adjustment for age, sex, treatment modes, and variables pertinent to blood pressure, the site of brain lesion remained a significant factor. The relative risk of first recurrence for the basal ganglion vs. the region of middle cerebral artery was 3.06 (95% CI: 1.29-7.26). The brain lesion site was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of risk for the first recurrence of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke among the Taiwanese Chinese population. Whether this finding was also seen in other populations should be corroborated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Wu TH, Liu RS, Lin YD, Chou KL, Chong NS, Lee JS. Evaluation of the dose to the bladder wall using a dynamic balloon-bladder phantom and TLD measurements in 18F-FDG PET studies. Nucl Med Commun 1999; 20:1153-9. [PMID: 10664997 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-199912000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
[18F]-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is one of the most useful radiopharmaceuticals in clinical positron emission tomographic imaging. Its final metabolic destination is the bladder, which accumulates the highest absorbed dose in the body during imaging. The aims of this study were to develop a dynamic bladder phantom to emulate the dynamic response of the bladder and to evaluate changes in the dose to the bladder wall during the imaging procedure. 18F-FDG of various concentrations can be drip-fed intravenously to the balloon-bladder at different uptake phases or extracted from the phantom during voiding. A dose evaluation model, introducing the concept of photon energy flux conversion into the dose calculation, is thus developed for clinical evaluation. The dose to the bladder wall using the proposed model is comparable to that measured using a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), with a less than 5% discrepancy. The main advantages of the model are the use of the dose conversion factor, phi TLD, which is determined from real TLD measurements, and the ability to consider the dynamic characteristics of the bladder. To overcome the problems of diverse dose distributions among subjects, time-activity information provided by clinical bladder imaging is required, so that the method can be applied to other radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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45
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Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common cause of otitis media and respiratory tract infections. Outer membrane proteins (OMP) and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) are major surface antigens of NTHi and potential vaccine candidates. De-O-acylated LOS (dLOS) or oligosaccharide (OS) was coupled to total OMP to form dLOS-OMP and OS-OMP conjugates, while a dLOS-tetanus toxoid (TT) was synthesized for comparison. These conjugates were evaluated in mice and rabbits for immunogenicity. dLOS-OMP elicited a better boostable antibody response against LOS than did dLOS-TT, while OS-OMP was not immunogenic. Formulation of the conjugates with Ribi adjuvant significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of dLOS-OMP and dLOS-TT but not that of OS-OMP. In addition, rabbit antisera elicited by dLOS-OMP but not dLOS-TT (or OMP alone) demonstrated bactericidal activity against 40% of the NTHi strains tested. These results indicate that dLOS is a better derivative of LOS than OS and that OMP is a good carrier for NTHi LOS-based conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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Sah VP, Minamisawa S, Tam SP, Wu TH, Dorn GW, Ross J, Chien KR, Brown JH. Cardiac-specific overexpression of RhoA results in sinus and atrioventricular nodal dysfunction and contractile failure. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:1627-34. [PMID: 10377168 PMCID: PMC408391 DOI: 10.1172/jci6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is a low-molecular-weight GTPase that has been implicated in the regulation of hypertrophic cardiac muscle cell growth. To study the role of RhoA in control of cardiac function in vivo, transgenic mice expressing wild-type and constitutively activated forms of RhoA under the control of the cardiac-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter were generated. Transgene-positive mice expressing high levels of either wild-type or activated RhoA showed pronounced atrial enlargement and manifested a lethal phenotype, often preceded by generalized edema, with most animals dying over the course of a few weeks. Echocardiographic analysis of visibly healthy wild-type RhoA transgenic mice revealed no significant change in left ventricular function. As their condition deteriorated, significant dilation of the left ventricular chamber and associated decreases in left ventricular contractility were detected. Heart rate was grossly depressed in both wild-type and activated RhoA-expressing mice, even prior to the onset of ventricular failure. Electrocardiography showed evidence of atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block. Interestingly, muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine did not elicit a positive chronotropic response in the transgenic mice. We suggest that RhoA regulates cardiac sinus and atrioventricular nodal function and that its overexpression results in bradycardia and development of ventricular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Abstract
Since August 1996, a dose reconstruction model has been conducted with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-embedded chains, belts and badges for external dose measurements on the residents in radiation-contaminated buildings. The TLD dosimeters, worn on the front of the torso, would not be adequate for dose measurement in cases when the radiation is anisotropic or the incident angles of radiation sources are not directed in the front-to-back direction. The shielding and attenuation by the body would result in the dose equivalent estimation being somewhat skewed. An organ dose estimation method with a Rando phantom under various exposure geometries is proposed. The conversion factors, obtained from the phantom study, may be applicable to organ dose estimations for residents in the contaminated buildings if the incident angles correspond to the phantom simulation results. There is a great demand for developing a mathematical model or Monte Carlo calculation to deal with complicated indoor layout geometry problems involving ionizing radiation. Further research should be directed toward conducting laboratory simulation by investigating the relationship between doses delivered from multiple radiation sources. It is also necessary to collaborate with experimental biological dosimetry, such as chromosome aberration analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and retrospective ESR-dosimetry with teeth, applied to the residents, so that the organ dose equivalent estimations may be more reliable for radio-epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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48
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Lee CC, Chou YH, Chen TW, Wu TH, Charng YP, Chiou HJ, Tiu CM, Yang WC, Ng YY. Engorgement of brachiocephalic vein after creation of an AV fistula--a result of sternoclavicular joint osteophyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14:757-9. [PMID: 10193835 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/14.3.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, National Yang Ming University, School of Medicine, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The MutS protein is part of the dam-directed MutHLS mismatch repair pathway in Escherichia coli. We have constructed deletion derivatives in the mutS gene, which retain the P-loop coding region for ATP binding. The mutant proteins were assayed for ATP hydrolysis, heteroduplex DNA binding, heterodimer MutS formation, and the ability to interact with MutL. Dimerization was assayed by expressing His6-tagged wild-type and non-tagged deletion mutant proteins in the same cell and isolating the His6-tagged protein followed by MutS immunoblotting after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. MutS-MutL interaction was measured using the same technique except that the MutL protein carried the His6 tag. Our results indicate that DNA binding ability resides in the N-terminal end of MutS, and dimerization and MutL interactions are located in the C-terminal end. Given the extensive amino acid homology in the MutS family our results with E. coli should be applicable to MutS homologues in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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50
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Abstract
The isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutator genes have led to a better understanding of DNA replication fidelity mechanisms and to the discovery of important DNA repair pathways and their relationship to spontaneous mutagenesis. Mutator strains in a population of cells can be beneficial in that they allow rapid selection of variants during periods of stress, such as drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Horst
- Dept of Pharmacology and Molecular Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA
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