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Apostolova C, Ferroum A, Alhassan B, Prakash I, Basik M, Boileau JF, Martel K, Meterissian S, Villareal Corpuz V, Wong N, Foulkes WD, Wong SM. Timing of genetic testing in BRCA1/2 and PALB2-Associated breast cancer: Preoperative result disclosure increases uptake of risk-reducing mastectomy and reduces unnecessary exposure to radiotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024; 50:108324. [PMID: 38636249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of timing of genetic testing on uptake of risk reducing mastectomy (RRM) in affected female BRCA1/2 or PALB2 carriers remains an area of evolving interest, particularly with the introduction of mainstream genetic testing initiatives. METHODS Women with stage I-III breast cancer and a confirmed germline pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 or PALB2 between 2000 and 2023 were identified from an institutional genetics database. Uptake of RRM was evaluated according to disclosure of genetic testing results before or after index surgery for a first diagnosis of breast cancer. RESULTS The cohort included 287 female BRCA1/2 or PALB2 carriers with a median age of 44 years (IQR, 36-52). Overall, 155 (54 %) carriers received genetic testing results before and 132 (46 %) after index breast surgery. Receipt of genetic testing results before surgery was associated with a higher rate of index bilateral mastectomy (58.7 % vs. 7.6 %, p < 0.001) and a commensurate decrease in adjuvant radiation (41.9 % vs. 74.2 %, p < 0.001). At a median follow up of 4.4 years after genetic testing, 219 (76.3 %) affected carriers had undergone bilateral RRM, including 83.9 % with preoperative knowledge and 67.4 % of patients with postoperative knowledge of their germline pathogenic variant (log rank, p < 0.001). On multivariate regression, disclosure of genetic testing results before index breast surgery was independently associated with long-term uptake of bilateral mastectomy (HR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.21-2.38). CONCLUSION Genetic testing results delivered prior to index breast surgery increase uptake of bilateral RRM in affected BRCA1/2 and PALB2 carriers. Efforts to mainstream genetic testing would help optimize surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Apostolova
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amina Ferroum
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Karyne Martel
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nora Wong
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Di Lena É, Wong SM, Iny E, Mashal S, Basik M, Boileau JF, Martel K, Bassel MA, Meterissian S, Prakash I. Oncologic safety of breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with multiple ipsilateral breast cancer: A retrospective multi-institutional cohort study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024; 50:108266. [PMID: 38492259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent ACOSOG Z11102 trial demonstrated low recurrence rates with breast conserving surgery (BCS) in women with multiple ipsilateral breast cancers (MIBC). Questions remain regarding the oncologic safety of BCS in women with MIBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent BCS following NAC for stage I-III breast cancer from 2012 to 2021 at two academic centers. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to provide estimates for recurrence and survival outcomes. MIBC was defined as ≥2 foci of malignancy. RESULTS A total of 544 patients were included; 29.4% (n = 160) ER+/HER2-, 17.7% (n = 96) ER+/HER2+, 18.2% (n = 99) ER-/HER2+, and 34.7% (n = 189) with ER-/HER2-disease. Overall, 80.5% (n = 438) had unifocal breast cancer while 19.5% (n = 106) had MIBC. Of patients with MIBC, 90.6% (n = 96) had multifocal and 9.4% (n = 10) had multicentric disease. Pathologic complete response was achieved in 41.1% of patients with MIBC versus 41.5% of patients with unifocal disease (p = 0.94). At a median follow-up of 55 months (IQR 32-83); 4.8% of patients in the unifocal group and 4.7% of patients in the MIBC group had had a local recurrence (p = 0.97). There was no difference in 5-year local recurrence-free survival (p = 0.92), recurrence-free survival (p = 0.06), or overall survival (p = 0.07) between the groups. CONCLUSION In this large cohort of women undergoing BCS post-NAC, there was no significant difference in in breast tumor recurrence or survival outcomes between patients with unifocal disease and those with MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Di Lena
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ericka Iny
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Mashal
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karyne Martel
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
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Faleh S, Prakash I, Salehi A, Khan H, Basik M, Boileau JF, Tejera D, Panet F, Martel K, Meterissian S, Wong SM. Preoperative factors that predict pathologic nodal involvement in early-stage HER2+ breast cancer: selecting cT1cN0 patients for treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07251-8. [PMID: 38381275 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to identify the preoperative predictors of pathologic nodal metastases (pN+) in cT1cN0 HER2+ breast cancer undergoing upfront surgery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from women with cT1-T2N0 HER2+ breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy (NAC) or upfront surgery at our institution between 2012 and 2023. Factors associated with management strategy were evaluated, and in those undergoing upfront surgery, univariate analyses were performed to identify the clinicopathologic factors associated with nodal metastases. RESULTS Overall, 255 women with cT1-T2N0 HER2+ breast cancer met inclusion criteria, including 170 (68.6%) upfront surgery patients and 85 (31.4%) who underwent NAC. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (range, 27-90 years). Younger age, larger clinical tumor size, high-grade disease, ER-PR-HER2+ subtype, and year of diagnosis after 2019 were significantly associated with receipt of NAC (p < 0.05). In those undergoing upfront surgery, 25.3% were pN+ , including 32.5% of cT1cN0 tumors. Factors associated with nodal involvement included age under 50, larger clinical tumor size, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), multifocality/multicentricity, and abnormal lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound (p < 0.05). In subset analysis of cT1cN0 HER2+ cases, LVI remained the strongest predictor of pN + disease (73.3% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001). Patients with cT1cN0 HER2+ breast cancer under 50 years had a 47.1% likelihood of pN+ disease. CONCLUSION Patients with cT1cN0 breast cancer have a 32.5% likelihood of nodal metastases, with higher incidence with younger age, LVI, multifocality/multicentricity, and abnormal axillary ultrasound. The presence of these factors may identify the patients who would benefit from treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohayb Faleh
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Cedars Breast Clinic, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aida Salehi
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haseeb Khan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Tejera
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francois Panet
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karyne Martel
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Cedars Breast Clinic, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Alhassan B, Rjeily MB, Villareal-Corpuz V, Prakash I, Basik M, Boileau JF, Martel K, Pollak M, Foulkes WD, Wong SM. Awareness and Candidacy for Endocrine Prevention and Risk Reducing Mastectomy in Unaffected High-Risk Women Referred for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:981-987. [PMID: 37973648 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary prevention of breast cancer in women at elevated risk includes several strategies such as endocrine prevention and risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM). The objective of this study was to evaluate awareness of different preventive strategies across high-risk subgroups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women referred for high risk evaluation between 2020 and 2023 completed an initial risk-assessment questionnaire that included questions around perceived lifetime risk and consideration of preventive strategies. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-squared tests were used to compare differences across different high-risk subgroups. RESULTS 482 women with a median age of 43 years (20-79 years) met inclusion criteria; 183 (38.0%) germline pathogenic variant carriers (GPV), 90 (18.7%) with high-risk lesions (HRL) on breast biopsy, and 209 (43.4%) with strong family history (FH) without a known genetic predisposition. Most high-risk women reported that they had considered increased screening and surveillance (83.7%) and lifestyle strategies (80.6%), while fewer patients had considered RRM (39.8%) and endocrine prevention (27.0%). Prior to initial consultation, RRM was more commonly considered in GPV carriers (59.4%) relative to those with HRL (33.3%) or strong FH (26.3%, p < 0.001). Based on current guidelines, 206 (43%) patients were deemed eligible for endocrine prevention, including 80.5% with HRL and 39.0% with strong FH. Prior consideration of endocrine prevention was highest in patients with HRL and significantly lower in those with strong FH (47.2% HRL versus 31.1% GPV versus 18.7% FH, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Endocrine prevention is the least considered preventive option for high-risk women, despite eligibility in a significant proportion of those presenting with HRL or strong FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marianne Bou Rjeily
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Victor Villareal-Corpuz
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Karyne Martel
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada.
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Canada.
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Apostolova C, Ferroum A, Alhassan B, Prakash I, Viezel-Mathieu A, Basik M, Boileau JF, Meterissian S, Wong N, Foulkes WD, Wong SM. ASO Visual Abstract: Surgical Decision Making in Genetically High-Risk Women-Quantifying Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Risks of Supplemental Surgery After Risk-Reducing Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1018-1019. [PMID: 38017128 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Apostolova
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amina Ferroum
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Viezel-Mathieu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nora Wong
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Alhassan B, Rjeily MB, Villareal-Corpuz V, Prakash I, Basik M, Boileau JF, Martel K, Pollak M, Foulkes WD, Wong SM. ASO Visual Abstract: Awareness and Candidacy for Endocrine Prevention and Risk-Reducing Mastectomy of Unaffected High-Risk Women Referred for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1031-1032. [PMID: 38062296 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marianne Bou Rjeily
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Victor Villareal-Corpuz
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Karyne Martel
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Apostolova C, Ferroum A, Alhassan B, Prakash I, Viezel-Mathieu A, Basik M, Boileau JF, Meterissian S, Wong N, Foulkes WD, Wong SM. Surgical Decision Making in Genetically High-Risk Women: Quantifying Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Risks of Supplemental Surgery After Risk-Reducing Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:356-364. [PMID: 37838650 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) helps prevent breast cancer in high-risk women but also carries a risk of unanticipated supplemental surgeries. We sought to determine the likelihood of supplemental surgeries following RRM. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of female patients with a confirmed germline pathogenic variant (GPV) in a breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1/2, PALB2 and others) who underwent bilateral or contralateral RRM at our institution between 2006 and 2022. Supplemental surgeries were defined as any operation requiring general or local anesthesia performed outside of the initially planned procedure(s). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 5-years cumulative incidence of supplemental surgery. RESULTS Of 560 GPV carriers, RRMs were performed in 258 (46.1%) women. The median age of the cohort was 44 years (interquartile range 37-52 years), with 33 (12.8%) patients undergoing RRM without reconstruction and 225 (87.2%) undergoing RRM with reconstruction. Following surgery, 34 patients (13.2%) developed early (< 30 days) postoperative complications, including infection, hematoma, seroma, loss of the nipple areola complex, flap necrosis, implant exposure and/or prosthesis removal. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 94 (36.4%) GPV carriers underwent at least one reoperation. Participants who experienced an early postoperative complication had the highest rate of reoperation (85.3% vs. 29.0%; p < 0.001) and a significantly higher likelihood of multiple additional surgical interventions (41.2% vs. 10.7%; p < 0.001). The 5-years rate of supplemental surgery was 39.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.7-46.5] in the overall cohort and 31.5% (95% CI 24.9-39.3) in patients without an early postoperative complication. CONCLUSIONS Unanticipated supplemental surgeries occur in 40% of GPV carriers following RRM and in nearly one-third of patients without early postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Apostolova
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amina Ferroum
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Viezel-Mathieu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nora Wong
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Faleh S, Prakash I, Eisenberg E, Basik M, Boileau JF, Tejera D, Panet F, Buhlaiga N, Meterissian S, Wong SM. Predictors of nodal metastases in early stage HER2+ breast cancer: Deciding on treatment approach with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. upfront surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:1411-1416. [PMID: 37031045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate preoperative predictors of nodal metastases in patients with early-stage, HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. METHODS The SEER Database was queried to identify women with a first diagnosis of stage I-II (T1-T2) HER2-positive breast cancer treated with upfront surgery in 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify clinical characteristics independently associated with nodal involvement. RESULTS Overall, 3333 women with stage I-II HER2+ breast cancer met inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (IQR, 51-69 years). Most patients underwent breast-conserving surgery (60.9%), with a median of 3 (IQR 2-4) axillary lymph nodes removed. On final pathology, 762 (22.9%) of T1-T2 HER2+ patients were node positive; 2.7% pN0[i+], 3.7% pN1mi, 15.1% pN1, and 1.4% pN2. Women less than 40 years and those between 40 and 49 years showed the highest proportion of axillary lymph node metastasis, in 33.7% and 30.7% respectively, and declining with age (p < 0.001). Patients with triple-positive breast cancer had the highest rates of nodal involvement (24.8%), compared to 20.7% ER+/PR-/HER2+ and 19.6% of HER2-enriched patients (p = 0.006). On adjusted analysis, age, biologic subtype, tumour size, and type of surgery remained independent predictors of nodal involvement. On subgroup analysis, women under age 50 with T1c HER2-enriched or triple-positive breast cancer had a 33% and 35% incidence of nodal involvement, which declined with age. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of pathologic nodal involvement in early-stage HER2+ breast cancer is contingent on age, ER/PR status, and tumour size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohayb Faleh
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Jeddah Medical School, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elisheva Eisenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Tejera
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francois Panet
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Najwa Buhlaiga
- Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Health Centre Cedars Breast Clinic, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada; Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Moldoveanu D, Iny E, Theriault C, Florea A, Wong SM, Basik M, Boileau JF, Margolese R, Pelmus M, Meterissian S, Prakash I. ASO Visual Abstract: Margin Status and Local Recurrence in Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast-A Canadian Series. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:3280. [PMID: 36670277 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Moldoveanu
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ericka Iny
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anca Florea
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Margolese
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuela Pelmus
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Iny E, Prakash I. ASO Author Reflections: Surgical Management of Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1710-1711. [PMID: 36463356 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Iny
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
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11
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Moldoveanu D, Iny E, Theriault C, Florea A, Wong SM, Basik M, Boileau JF, Margolese R, Pelmus M, Meterissian S, Prakash I. Margin Status and Local Recurrence in Phyllodes Tumours of the Breast: A Canadian Series. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1700-1709. [PMID: 36456792 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllodes tumours of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms with a propensity for recurrence. While surgical excision remains the standard of care, the optimal margin width is an area of active investigation. Recent studies have questioned the necessity for wide, local excision. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, cohort study of patients with phyllodes tumours treated at our institution between 2003 and 2021. Demographic, histopathological, and recurrence data were captured; malignant phyllodes were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify covariates associated with local recurrence. RESULTS Of 187 patients with phyllodes tumours, 82.9% (n = 155) were classified as benign while 17.1% (n = 32) were borderline. Initial surgical margins were positive in 26.2% (n = 49), < 2 mm in 50.8% (n = 95), and ≥ 2 mm in 23% (n = 43) patients. Among patients with positive margins, 61.2% (n = 30) underwent margin revision. At a median follow-up of 2.9 years, the recurrence rate was 3.7%. On univariate analysis, only a positive margin at the time of initial surgery and not margin width was significantly associated with a higher rate of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 9.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-49.2), as was a size greater than 4 cm on preoperative imaging (HR 10.78, 95% CI 0.97-120.1). Revision of an initially positive margin was not significantly associated with decreased local recurrence (p = 1). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of benign and borderline phyllodes tumours, positive resection margins and not margin width at the initial surgery were associated with a increased recurrence. Individualization of decisions regarding margin reexcision is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Moldoveanu
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ericka Iny
- McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anca Florea
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Margolese
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manuela Pelmus
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Wong SM, Ferroum A, Apostolova C, Alhassan B, Prakash I, Basik M, Boileau JF, Meterissian S, Aleynikova O, Wong N, Foulkes WD. ASO Visual Abstract: Incidence of Occult Breast Cancer in Carriers of BRCA1/2 and Other High-Penetrance Pathogenic Variants Undergoing Prophylactic Mastectomy-When is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Indicated? Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:6671-6672. [PMID: 35802212 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Amina Ferroum
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Apostolova
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Aleynikova
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nora Wong
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Eisenberg ER, Weiss A, Prakash I, Skamene S, Basik M, Boileau JF, Ajjamada L, Pollak MN, Wong SM. Surgical Management and Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk in Women with History of Radiation Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Results from a Population-Based Cohort. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:6673-6680. [PMID: 35668306 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with history of chest irradiation for Hodgkin lymphoma are at increased risk of developing bilateral breast cancer, although contralateral breast cancer risk estimates in this population remain undefined. METHODS We queried the SEER database for women treated with radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma prior to age 30 years and were diagnosed with a subsequent breast cancer between 1990-2016. Trends in surgical management and the 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer were evaluated. RESULTS The cohort included 295 women with a median age of 22 years (range 8-30 years) at Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, and 42 years (range 22-65 years) at breast cancer diagnosis. Overall, 263 (89.2%) presented with unilateral breast cancer, while 32 (10.8%) presented with synchronous bilateral breast cancer. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 17.3% of patients, while mastectomy was performed in 82.7%. In 263 patients presenting with unilateral breast cancer, 50 (19.0%) underwent breast-conserving surgery and 213 (81.0%) underwent mastectomy. Subgroup analysis of mastectomy patients demonstrated a 40.5% bilateral mastectomy rate. The 5-year incidence of contralateral breast cancer in women who underwent unilateral surgery was 9.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.6-15.4%], increasing to 20.2% (95% CI, 13.7-29.2%) at 10-year and 29.9% (95% CI, 20.8-41.9%) at 15-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of prior chest radiation for Hodgkin lymphoma with a diagnosis of breast cancer have a 10-year contralateral breast cancer risk of 20%. These findings support consideration of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy during surgical decision-making for management of this high-risk patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisheva R Eisenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Weiss
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Skamene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lissa Ajjamada
- Department of Hematology Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Wong SM, Ferroum A, Apostolova C, Alhassan B, Prakash I, Basik M, Boileau JF, Meterissian S, Aleynikova O, Wong N, Foulkes WD. Incidence of Occult Breast Cancer in Carriers of BRCA1/2 or Other High-Penetrance Pathogenic Variants Undergoing Prophylactic Mastectomy: When is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Indicated? Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:6660-6668. [PMID: 35616744 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to determine the likelihood of occult malignancy during risk-reducing mastectomy in high-penetrance pathogenic variant carriers to help refine axillary staging recommendations. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective cohort study analyzing all female carriers of pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2, PALB2 or other genes who underwent prophylactic surgery at their institution between 2006 and 2021. Occult breast cancer was defined as the unanticipated presence of in situ or invasive malignancy on pathologic evaluation of prophylactic mastectomy specimens. RESULTS Of 523 women, 243 carriers met the inclusion criteria for the study including 124 BRCA1 (51.0%), 108 BRCA2 (44.4%), and 11 PALB2, TP53, CDH1, or PTEN (4.6%) carriers. The median age was 44 years (interquartile range, 37-52 years). Overall, 128 women (52.7%) underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomies, and 115 (47.3%) underwent contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. In the 371 mastectomies performed, 16 (4.3%) occult malignancies were diagnosed. Most of the occult malignancies were ductal carcinoma in situ (13 mastectomies, 3.5%), whereas 3 mastectomies (0.8%) contained invasive breast cancer. If Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 1-2 or BIRADS 3 findings were reported on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the rate of occult malignancy decreased to 3.0 and 2.8%, respectively, per mastectomy. The patient-level factors associated with a likelihood of occult breast cancer greater than 10% included a history of prior breast cancer, age exceeding 60 years, and BIRADS 4 findings on preoperative imaging. CONCLUSIONS Occult invasive malignancy was detected in less than 1% of the risk-reducing mastectomies performed for women with BRCA1/2 or PALB2 pathogenic variants. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be safely avoided when BIRADS 1-3 findings are reported on preoperative MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Amina Ferroum
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Apostolova
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basmah Alhassan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarkis Meterissian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Aleynikova
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nora Wong
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Eisenberg ER, Weiss A, Prakash I, Skamene S, Basik M, Boileau JF, Ajjamada L, Pollak M, Wong SM. Abstract PD7-07: Surgical management and contralateral breast cancer risk in women with a history of radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from a population-based cohort. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-pd7-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Women with a history of chest radiation for Hodgkin lymphoma are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Although mastectomy has historically been recommended for surgical treatment of breast cancers in women with prior radiation exposure, surgical management trends and contralateral breast cancer risk in this population remain undefined. Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1990-2016. Our cohort included women who received radiation for Hodgkin lymphoma prior to 30 years old and were diagnosed with a subsequent breast cancer. We evaluated trends in local therapy including rates of breast conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. In those undergoing unilateral surgery, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer. Results: Our final cohort included 295 women with a median age of 22 years (range, 8-30 years) at Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, and 42 years (range, 22-65 years) at breast cancer diagnosis. Of these patients, 263 (89.2%) presented with unilateral breast cancer, while 32 (10.8%) presented with synchronous bilateral breast cancer. Overall, BCS was performed in 17.3% of patients and mastectomy was performed in 82.7%. In the 263 patients presenting with unilateral breast cancer, 50 (19.0%) underwent BCS and 213 (81.0%) underwent mastectomy. Subgroup analysis of mastectomy patients with surgical laterality information available demonstrated a 40.5% bilateral mastectomy rate. In the entire cohort, the 5-year incidence of contralateral breast cancer in women who underwent unilateral surgery was 9.4% (95% CI, 5.6-15.4), increasing to 20.2% (95% CI, 13.7-29.2) at 10-years of follow up. Hormone receptor status of the index breast cancer was not associated with significant differences in the incidence of contralateral breast cancer (p=0.13). Conclusions: Women with a history of prior chest radiation for Hodgkin Lymphoma with a diagnosis with breast cancer have a 10-year contralateral breast cancer risk of 20%. These findings support consideration of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy during surgical decision-making in this high-risk patient population.
Citation Format: Elisheva R Eisenberg, Anna Weiss, Ipshita Prakash, Sonia Skamene, Mark Basik, Jean Francois Boileau, Lissa Ajjamada, Michael Pollak, Stephanie M Wong. Surgical management and contralateral breast cancer risk in women with a history of radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from a population-based cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD7-07.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Weiss
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- JGH Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Skamene
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- JGH Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lissa Ajjamada
- JGH Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- JGH Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- JGH Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Prakash I, Neely NB, Thomas SM, Sammons S, Blitzblau RC, DiLalla GA, Hyslop T, Menendez CS, Plichta JK, Rosenberger LH, Fayanju OM, Hwang ES, Greenup RA. Utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk, node-negative early breast cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1099-1108. [PMID: 34989142 PMCID: PMC8855910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy exists regarding the optimal sequence of chemotherapy among women with operable node‐negative breast cancers with high‐risk tumor biology. We evaluated national patterns of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) use among women with early‐stage HER2+, triple‐negative (TNBC), and high‐risk hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) invasive breast cancers. Methods Women ≥18 years with cT1‐2/cN0 HER2+, TNBC, or high recurrence risk score (≥31) HR+ invasive breast cancers who received chemotherapy were identified in the National Cancer Database (2010–2016). Cochran‐Armitage and logistic regression examined temporal trends and likelihood of undergoing NACT versus adjuvant chemotherapy based on patient age and molecular subtype. Results Overall, 96,622 patients met study criteria; 25% received NACT and 75% underwent surgery first, with comparable 5‐year estimates of overall survival (0.90, 95% CI 0.892–0.905 vs 0.91, 95% CI 0.907–0.913). During the study period, utilization of NACT increased from 14% to 36% and varied according to molecular subtype (year*molecular subtype p < 0.001, p‐corrected < 0.001). Women with HER2+ (OR 4.17, 95% CI 3.70–4.60, p < 0.001, p‐corrected < 0.001) and TNBC (OR 3.81, 95% CI 3.38–4.31, p < 0.001, p‐corrected < 0.001) were more likely to receive NACT over time, without a change in use among those with HR+ disease (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.88–2.87, p = 0.13, p‐corrected = 0.17). Conclusion Among women with early‐stage triple‐negative and HER2+ breast cancers, utilization of NACT increased over time, a trend that correlates with previously reported improved rates of pCR and options post‐neoadjuvant treatment with residual disease. Future research is needed to better understand multidisciplinary decisions for NACT and implications for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Ben Neely
- Duke Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Duke Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Sammons
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel C Blitzblau
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gayle A DiLalla
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Duke Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn S Menendez
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer K Plichta
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura H Rosenberger
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola M Fayanju
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rena Rowan Breast Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Yale Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel A Greenup
- Yale Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER), Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Wong SM, Ajjamada L, Weiss AC, Prakash I, Skamene S, Boileau JF, Pollak MN, Basik M. Clinicopathologic features of breast cancers diagnosed in women treated with prior radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from a population-based cohort. Cancer 2021; 128:1365-1372. [PMID: 34919263 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood and young adult survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at elevated risk of developing breast cancer, yet little data exist on the tumor characteristics that develop in this high-risk patient population. METHODS The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify breast cancers diagnosed between 1990 and 2016 in women who had received prior radiation therapy for HL at age 30 years or younger. Clinicopathologic features of subsequent breast cancers (breast cancer after radiation therapy for HL [BC-HL]) were examined and compared with breast cancers diagnosed in women who had no prior malignancy (breast cancer with no prior malignancy [BC-NPM]). RESULTS In total, 321 breast cancers were identified in 257 women who had a history of radiation therapy for HL. The median age at HL diagnosis was 22 years (interquartile range, 18-26 years), and nearly all patients in the BC-HL group (97.9%) were diagnosed ≥8 years after radiation therapy. Overall, 56 patients in the BC-HL group (21.8%) developed bilateral breast cancer. Compared with women who had BC-NPM, those who had BC-HL were younger (43 vs 60 years; P < .001) and were less likely to present with ductal carcinoma in situ (8.4% vs 14.9%; P = .001). On multivariable analysis that included adjustment for age, invasive BC-HL was associated with smaller (≤2 cm) tumor size (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.25-2.15) and upper outer quadrant tumors (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04-1.81) compared with BC-NPM. In a subset analysis of 102 women who had HER2/neu status available, the distribution of biologic subtype was not significantly different between BC-HL and BC-NPM (P = .16). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancers in women who previously received radiation therapy for HL are characterized by earlier onset disease, although most remain estrogen receptor-positive and have early stage disease at presentation. LAY SUMMARY Women who have had radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma at a young age are at increased risk of developing early onset breast cancer; however, most of these breast cancers are sensitive to hormones (estrogen receptor-positive) and are diagnosed at early stages. Because these breast tumors are estrogen receptor-positive, medications that prevent breast cancer by blocking the effect of or lowering hormone levels (also termed endocrine prevention) may be useful in this group of high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lissa Ajjamada
- Department of Hematology Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna C Weiss
- Division of Breast Surgery, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Skamene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Boileau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Tejera D, Rana M, Basik M, Boileau JF, Margolese R, Prakash I, Meguerditchian AN, Muanza T, Monette J, Wong SM. Population-based analysis of non-operative management and treatment patterns in older women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:491-501. [PMID: 34542772 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the proportion of older women with ER + HER2- breast cancer receiving non-operative management versus surgery, and to evaluate the use of axillary staging and adjuvant radiation in this population. METHODS We queried the SEER database to identify all women aged 70 years or older with stage I-III ER + HER2- invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2016. We evaluated trends in non-operative management, breast surgery, axillary staging, and adjuvant radiation according to age at diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 57,351 older women with ER + HER2- disease. Overall, 3538 (6.2%) of the cohort underwent non-operative management, 38,452 (67.0%) underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS), and 15,361 (26.8%) underwent mastectomy. The proportion of patients undergoing non-operative management increased from 2.8% among 70-74-year-old women to 30.1% in those ≥ 90 years old (p < 0.001). In 53,813 women who underwent surgery, 36,850 (68.5%) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, while 10,861 (20.2%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Subgroup analysis of 29,032 older women undergoing BCS for stage I ER + HER2- breast cancer revealed a 14.2% rate of omission of axillary staging, increasing from 5.3% in those 70-74 years to 67.6% in those ≥ 90 years old (p < 0.001). Receipt of adjuvant radiation occurred in 63.3% of older women following BCS and 18% post-mastectomy, with similar trends towards omission in older age groups. CONCLUSION Primary breast surgery remains the dominant management strategy for the majority of older women with ER + HER2- breast cancer. Omission of axillary staging and adjuvant radiation are used in a minority of eligible women undergoing breast conservation for early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tejera
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariam Rana
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard Margolese
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ari N Meguerditchian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,St-Mary's Research Centre, West Island University Health and Social Services Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Muanza
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Monette
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Wong
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T1E2, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University Medical School, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Wong SM, Ajjamada L, Weiss A, Prakash I, Skamene S, Boileau JF, Pollak MN, Basik M. Clinicopathologic features of breast cancers diagnosed in females treated with prior radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from a population-based cohort. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
567 Background: Childhood and young adult survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, although little data exist on the characteristics and biologic subtype of breast cancers that develop in this high-risk population. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify all histologically confirmed breast cancers diagnosed between 1990-2016 in women treated with prior radiation therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma ≤ 30 years of age. Clinicopathologic features of subsequent breast cancers (BC-HL) were examined and compared to breast cancers diagnosed in women with no prior malignancy (BC-NPM). The association between prior chemotherapy use and biologic subtype of BC-HL was evaluated. Results: We identified 321 breast cancers diagnosed in 257 women with a history of radiation therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. The median age at Hodgkin Lymphoma diagnosis was 22 years (range, 12-30 years), and nearly all BC-HL (97.9%) were diagnosed 8 or more years after radiation therapy. Overall, 56 (21.8%) BC-HL patients developed bilateral breast cancer, of which 28 (50%) were synchronous. When compared to women with BC-NPM, women with BC-HL were significantly younger at time of diagnosis (median age, 43 years vs. 60 years, p<0.001) and less likely to present with ductal carcinoma in situ (8.4% vs. 14.9%, p=0.001). Patients with invasive BC-HL were more likely to have high grade (43.8% vs. 32.9%, p<0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer (27.7% vs. 18.2%, p<0.001), although pathologic tumor size, nodal status, and stage were not significantly different from those with BC-NPM. Compared to women with BC-NPM, the majority of operable BC-HL patients underwent surgical management with mastectomy (86.5% vs. 42.5%, p<0.001). In subset analysis of 102 women for which HER2 status was available, BC-HL were HER2+ in 18.7% of patients. Distribution of biologic subtype between BC-HL and BC-NPM are shown in the table below. In BC-HL patients, prior chemotherapy exposure was not associated with substantial differences in the proportion of ER+HER2- breast cancers (65.8% vs. 63.5%, p=0.82). Conclusions: Breast cancers in women treated with radiation therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma are characterized by earlier onset and more aggressive biologic features, although the majority remain estrogen sensitive and early stage at presentation. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the use of preventive strategies in this high-risk patient population.[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Wong
- McGill University, Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lissa Ajjamada
- McGill University, Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Weiss
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- McGill University, Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Skamene
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael N. Pollak
- McGill University, Jewish General Hospital Stroll Cancer Prevention Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- McGill University, Jewish General Hospital Segal Cancer Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Greenup RA, Prakash I, Sorenson C. “Choosing Wisely” in Breast Cancer Surgery: Drivers of Low Value Care. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2577-2579. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Prakash I, Neves O, Cumbe E, Hamadani F, Razek T, Fata P, Beckett A, Khwaja K, Grushka J, Wong EG, Jacobe M, de Costa A, Deckelbaum DL, Yohannan P. The Financial Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Mozambique: A Hospital-Related Cost-of-Illness Study of Maputo Central Hospital. World J Surg 2019; 43:2959-2966. [PMID: 31506715 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are increasingly being recognized for their significant economic impact. Mozambique, like other low-income countries, suffers staggering rates of road traffic collisions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate direct hospital costs of RTIs using a bottom-up, micro-costing approach in the Mozambican context. This study aims to calculate the direct, inpatient costs of RTIs in Mozambique and compare it to the financial capacity of the Mozambican public health care system. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-centre study. Charts of all patients with RTIs admitted to Maputo Central Hospital over a period of 2 months were reviewed. The costs were recorded and analysed based on direct costs, human resource costs, and overhead costs. Costs were calculated using a micro-costing approach. RESULTS In total, 114 patients were admitted and treated for RTIs at Maputo Central Hospital during June-July 2015. On average, the hospital cost per patient was US$ 604.28 (IQR 1033.58). Of this, 44% was related to procedural costs, 23% to diagnostic imaging costs, 17% to length-of-stay costs, 9% to medication costs, and 7% to laboratory test costs. The average annual inpatient cost of RTIs in Mozambique was almost US$ 116 million (0.8% of GDP). CONCLUSION The financial burden of RTIs in Mozambique represents approximately 40% of the annual public health care budget. These results help highlight the economic impact of trauma in Mozambique and the importance of an organized trauma system to reduce such costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Centre for Global Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eduardo Cumbe
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Fadi Hamadani
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Centre for Global Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Razek
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Centre for Global Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paola Fata
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Andrew Beckett
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Kosar Khwaja
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jeremy Grushka
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Evan G Wong
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Centre for Global Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Jacobe
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Assis de Costa
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dan L Deckelbaum
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Centre for Global Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Prem Yohannan
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
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22
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Wong SM, Stout NK, Punglia RS, Prakash I, Sagara Y, Golshan M. Breast cancer prevention strategies in lobular carcinoma in situ: A decision analysis. Cancer 2017; 123:2609-2617. [PMID: 28221673 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women diagnosed with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have a 3-fold to 10-fold increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the life expectancy (LE) and differences in survival offered by active surveillance, risk-reducing chemoprevention, and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy among women with LCIS. METHODS A Markov simulation model was constructed to determine average LE and quality-adjusted LE (QALE) gains for hypothetical cohorts of women diagnosed with LCIS at various ages under alternative risk-reduction strategies. Probabilities for invasive breast cancer, breast cancer-specific mortality, other-cause mortality and the effectiveness of preventive strategies were derived from published studies and from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. RESULTS Assuming a breast cancer incidence from 1.02% to 1.37% per year under active surveillance, a woman aged 50 years diagnosed with LCIS would have a total LE of 32.78 years and would gain 0.13 years (1.6 months) in LE by adding chemoprevention and 0.25 years (3.0 months) in LE by adding bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. After quality adjustment, chemoprevention resulted in the greatest QALE for women ages 40 to 60 years at LCIS diagnosis, whereas surveillance remained the preferred strategy for optimizing QALE among women diagnosed at age 65 years and older. CONCLUSIONS In this model, among women with a diagnosis of LCIS, breast cancer prevention strategies only modestly affected overall survival, whereas chemoprevention was modeled as the preferred management strategy for optimizing invasive disease-free survival while prolonging QALE form women younger than 65 years. Cancer 2017;123:2609-17. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Wong
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natasha K Stout
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rinaa S Punglia
- Department of Radiation Oncology Brigham, and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ipshita Prakash
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Hakuaikai Medical Corporation, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehra Golshan
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Bajsarowicz P, Prakash I, Lamoureux J, Saluja RS, Feyz M, Maleki M, Marcoux J. Nonsurgical acute traumatic subdural hematoma: what is the risk? J Neurosurg 2015; 123:1176-83. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns141728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
The Brain Trauma Foundation has published guidelines on the surgical management of traumatic subdural hematoma (SDH). However, no data exist on the proportion of patients with SDH that can be selected for conservative management and what is the outcome of these patients. The goals of this study were as follows: 1) to establish what proportion of patients are initially treated conservatively; 2) to determine what proportion of patients will deteriorate and require surgical evacuation; and 3) to identify risk factors associated with deterioration and delayed surgery.
METHODS
All cases of acute traumatic SDH (869 when inclusion criteria were met) presenting over a 4-year period were reviewed. For all conservatively treated SDH, the proportion of delayed surgical intervention and the Glasgow Outcome Scale score were taken as outcome measures. Multiple factors were compared between patients who required delayed surgery and patients without surgery.
RESULTS
Of the 869 patients with acute traumatic SDH, 646 (74.3%) were initially treated conservatively. A good outcome was achieved in 76.7% of the patients. Only 6.5% eventually required delayed surgery, and the median delay for surgery was 9.5 days. Factors associated with deterioration were as follows: 1) thicker SDH (p < 0.001); 2) greater midline shift (p < 0.001); 3) location at the convexity (p = 0.001); 4) alcohol abuse (p = 0.0260); and 5) history of falls (p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in regard to age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score, Injury Severity Score, abnormal coagulation, use of blood thinners, and presence of cerebral atrophy or white matter disease.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of patients with SDH are treated conservatively. Of those, only 6.5% later required surgery, for raised intracranial pressure or SDH progression. Patients at risk can be identified and followed more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Maleki
- 4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Judith Marcoux
- 4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; and
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24
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Indhrajothi R, Prakash I, Venkateswarlu M, Satyanarayana N. Binder effect on the battery performance of mesoporous copper ferrite nanoparticles with grain boundaries as anode materials. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, 32611-7200, USA.
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27
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Abstract
It is possible, using hydrophobic organic acids (such as cinnamate) or hydroxyamino acids (such as serine and tyrosine), to modify the temporal profile of the high-potency sweetener neotame. On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations, it was concluded that it is unlikely that this effect is due to direct interaction between the neotame molecule and the taste modifier. It is shown, using conformational analysis and molecular modeling, that the taste modifiers can adopt low-energy conformers which mimic the proposed active conformation of neotame, which suggests that the modifiers may compete for binding at the receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Prakash
- The NutraSweet Company, 699 Wheeling Road, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056, USA
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28
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Abstract
We carried out extensive conformational analysis of three high-potency sweeteners: neotame, superaspartame, and SC-45647. We then identified six possible pharmacophore features (carboxylate, two hydrophobic groups, and three NH groups) and wrote a computer program to exhaustively compare intramolecular distances among all possible sets of five-point pharmacophores (carboxylate + two hydrophobic groups + two NH groups) for the three compounds. The best pharmacophore model superimposes low-energy conformers of the three compounds in such a way that the five pharmacophore points match well both sterically and with respect to orientation of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.
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Prakash I, Mathur RP, Kar P, Ranga S, Talib VH. Comparative evaluation of cell proliferative indices and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in gastric carcinoma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1997; 40:481-90. [PMID: 9444859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 62 patients of gastric carcinoma were studied to find a correlation between newer prognostic indicators like cell proliferative indices including Nucleolar Organizer regions (AgNORs), Ki 67 Labelling Index and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression with the various, histopathological criteria and compared with 30 controls of non neoplastic gastric diseases. EGFR expression was positive in 48(77.4%) cases. The Ki 67 labelling indices ranged from 0 to 50% with a mean of 21.35 +/- 17.88% among the cases. AgNOR counts ranged from 1.64 to 4.49 with a mean of 3.41 +/- 0.81 among the cases. Positive EGFR expression correlated strongly with differentiation of the tumour, poorly differentiated tumours showing a higher positivity. EGFR positivity also showed good correlation with metastasis as well as with the invasiveness of the tumour. Ki 67 labelling indices correlated significantly with metastatic status, microscopic types and degree of differentiation of the tumour. A strong correlation was observed between AgNOR counts and metastasis as well as the microscopic type of the tumour. EGFR expression correlated strongly with Ki 67 scores and weakly with AgNOR counts among the patients of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Prakash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi
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31
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Ranga S, Prakash I, Khurana SK, Talib VH. Haematological manifestation of HIV infection. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1997; 40:417-31. [PMID: 9354022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ranga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi
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32
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Ranga S, Prakash I, Choudhry Y, Thergaonkar A, Khurana SK, Talib VH. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: an overview. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1997; 40:103-17. [PMID: 9145625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ranga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi
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33
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Sosnovsky G, Prakash I, Rao NU. In the search for new anticancer drugs. XXIV: Synthesis and anticancer activity of amino acids and dipeptides containing the 2-chloroethyl- and [N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitroso]-aminocarbonyl groups. J Pharm Sci 1993; 82:1-10. [PMID: 8429483 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600820102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of L,L- (42, 44, 46, and 60) and D,D- (43, 45, 47, and 61) dipeptide derivatives composed of phenylglycine, phenylalanine, homophenylalanine, and valine and containing a 2-chloroethylamino group at the C-terminus and an N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitroso-aminocarbonyl group at the N-terminus of the dipeptides were prepared. The dipeptide derivatives (42-47, 60, and 61) were first evaluated in vivo for their anticancer activities against the murine lymphocytic leukemia P388. Compounds 42, 44, 46, and 60 possessed activities ranging from 46 to 111 percent increase in life span (%ILS), whereas 43 was marginal (%ILS = 31) and 45, 47, and 61 were inactive. In general, the L,L-series exhibited low to good activity (%ILS = 46-111), whereas the corresponding D, D-series, except for 43 (%ILS = 31), was devoid of activity. The analogously structured monoamino acid derivatives of L-alanine (74), L-phenylalanine (75), and L-aspartic acid (76) exhibited higher activity against P388 than the dipeptide derivatives (i.e., 481, 297, and 481 %ILS, respectively). The more active representatives of dipeptides (i.e., 42, 44, and 60) and the amino acids derivatives 74-76 were then tested in vivo against the murine lymphoid leukemia L1210. Compounds 42, 44, and 60 exhibited either low or marginal activity (i.e., the %ILS values were 46, 31, and 26, respectively). Compounds 74, 75, and 76 possessed low to moderate activity, as evidenced by the %ILS values of 56, 48, and 64, respectively. The %ILS parameters obtained against the P388 and L1210 tumor lines were correlated with the corresponding lipophilicities, and there is a trend towards higher activity with concomitant decrease in hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sosnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53201
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Moriarty RM, Hopkins TE, Prakash I, Vaid BK, Vaid RK. Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Amines in the Presence of Nitroso Compounds: A Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Azoxy Compounds. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008053180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Idris MD, Prakash I. Perception of dominance status through conspecific scent in the desert gerbil Meriones hurrianae. Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:479-80. [PMID: 3192290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Soni GR, Prakash I. Mitigation of poison shyness in desert gerbil by adding conspecific sebum of ventral scent marking gland and urine in poison baits. Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:476-8. [PMID: 3192289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Couet W, Brasch R, Sosnovsky C, Lukszo J, Prakash I, Gnewech C, Tozer T. Influerce of chemical structure of nitroxyl spin labels on their reduction by ascorbic acid. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kagan J, Tadema-Wielandt K, Chan G, Dhawan SN, Jaworsky J, Prakash I, Arora SK. Oxygen requirement for near-UV mediated cytotoxicity of phenylheptatriyne to Escherichia coli. Photochem Photobiol 1984; 39:465-7. [PMID: 6374695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Bhardwaj D, Prakash I. Mitigation of poison aversion in the house rat Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray) through acclimatization. Indian J Exp Biol 1982; 20:396-8. [PMID: 7129535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Bhardwaj D, Prakash I. Discrimination between harmless & harmful stimuli by the house rat Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray). Indian J Exp Biol 1982; 20:302-4. [PMID: 7183530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Abstract
Brodifacoum was evaluated in the laboratory against the two gerbils, Tatera indica and Meriones hurrianae and the house rat, Rattus rattus. The acute oral LD50 for these rodents was found to be 0.10 mg/kg, 0.083 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg respectively. Feeding tests with 0.002% and 0.005% brodifacoum produced a 100% mortality after a 3-day feeding period in the gerbils and after a 4-day period in R. rattus. The anticoagulant is toxic at both the concentrations to all three species but is less palatable in comparison to plain baits. Results of this laboratory evaluation indicates that 0.002% brodifacoum-treated bait can be effectively used against T. indica, M. hurrianae and R. rattus.
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42
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Bhardwaj D, Prakash I. Movements of Rattus rattus in an artificial environment. Indian J Exp Biol 1981; 19:794-6. [PMID: 7309167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Mathur RP, Prakash I. Laboratory evaluation of anticoagulant-treated baits for control of the northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti Wroughton. J Hyg (Lond) 1980; 85:421-6. [PMID: 7462592 PMCID: PMC2134012 DOI: 10.1017/s002217240006349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individually caged northern palm squirrels, Funambulus pennanti, were fed with bait containing 0.025% warfarin or fumarin, 0.0075% chlorophacinone or 0.005% brodifacoum for a fixed number of days varying from 1 to 14. Brodifacoum (WBA 8119) was found most toxic since 66% and 70% of the animals died after one and two days' feeding respectively. Chlorophacinone killed 70% of the squirrels after three days' feeding. Squirrels were relatively tolerant to warfarin and fumarin since the mortality after a period of 14 days' feeding was only 58% and 75% respectively.
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Kumari S, Prakash I. Role of conspecific urine in enhancing food consumption & masking of shyness behaviour in the desert gerbil Meriones hurrianae (Jerdon). Indian J Exp Biol 1980; 18:730-2. [PMID: 7429589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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45
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George W, Prakash I, Ghosh PK. Rodents in Desert Environments. J Anim Ecol 1976. [DOI: 10.2307/3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Barnett SA, Cowan PE, Prakash I. Circadian rhythm of movements of the house rat, Rattus rattus L. Indian J Exp Biol 1975; 13:153-5. [PMID: 1193692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Barnett SA, Cowan PE, Radford GG, Prakash I. Peripheral anosmia and the discrimination of poisoned food by Rattus rattus L. Behav Biol 1975; 13:183-90. [PMID: 1122203 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(75)91852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prakash I, Taneja GC. Adrenal weight in relation to duration of pregnancy in the Indian desert hare Lepus nigricollis dayanus Blanford. Experientia 1968; 24:850. [PMID: 5683194 DOI: 10.1007/bf02144913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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